CN112008619A - Preparation method of ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with porous structure - Google Patents
Preparation method of ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with porous structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008619A CN112008619A CN202010916452.XA CN202010916452A CN112008619A CN 112008619 A CN112008619 A CN 112008619A CN 202010916452 A CN202010916452 A CN 202010916452A CN 112008619 A CN112008619 A CN 112008619A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0054—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for by impressing abrasive powder in a matrix
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/009—Tools not otherwise provided for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
- B24D3/10—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements for porous or cellular structure, e.g. for use with diamonds as abrasives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
- B24D5/06—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor with inserted abrasive blocks, e.g. segmental
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/02—Alloys based on copper with tin as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F2005/001—Cutting tools, earth boring or grinding tool other than table ware
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure. Firstly, CuSn powder (Cu 92-95 percent, Sn 5-8 percent) and Fe2O3Preparing a grinding wheel blank with a porous structure by pre-pressing and forming mixed powder consisting of the powder, the rare earth element lanthanum and a pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate and integrally sintering; then theMultilayer ordered punching is realized by adopting laser or electric spark technology, and then diamond abrasive particles, CuSn powder (Cu 82% -85%, Sn 15% -18%) and TiH are added2Filling the feed composed of the powder into the small holes, and sealing the small holes; and then sintering the whole body to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel. The brazing grinding wheel obtained by the invention has the advantages that the whole abrasive particles are orderly arranged, the chip containing space is large, and the heat dissipation capability is strong; and the abrasive particles have large holding force and are not easy to fall off prematurely, so the abrasive particles are suitable for high-efficiency low-damage grinding processing of difficult-to-process materials such as engineering ceramics, hard alloys and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel grinding wheel preparation technology in the advanced manufacturing field, in particular to a preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure.
Background
At present, diamond grinding wheels are widely applied to efficient precision machining of engineering ceramics, hard alloys and other materials difficult to machine, but the grinding wheels prepared by the traditional process have the following problems: 1. the abrasive particles are mainly held in the grinding wheel binder by mechanical embedding or physical adsorption, the holding strength is limited, and the abrasive particles are easy to fall off prematurely in the grinding process; 2. the abrasive particles are randomly distributed in the grinding wheel bonding agent, the chip containing space is limited, and the heat dissipation capability is poor; 3. the grinding wheel bonding agent is compact, and particularly for the metal bonding agent grinding wheel, the grinding wheel is difficult to trim, so that the processing efficiency is influenced. In contrast, some scholars have developed a brazing grinding wheel with large abrasive grain holding force and sufficient abrasive grain exposure height aiming at the problem of low abrasive grain holding strength, but mainly concentrate on the research of a single-layer brazing grinding wheel, the working layer of the grinding wheel only has a single layer of abrasive grains, the grinding wheel fails immediately after the abrasive grains are consumed, and the service life is limited; in order to improve the uniformity of the distribution of the abrasive particles, the hole template technology is adopted to develop the abrasive particle ordering grinding wheel, although the chip containing space is improved, the developed abrasive particle ordering grinding wheel is mainly a single-layer abrasive particle grinding wheel due to the limitation of the preparation process, and the use is limited. In addition, some researchers develop diamond fiber grinding wheels and ordered PDC fiber grinding wheels, prepare diamond fibers or PDC fibers by a powder injection molding technology, a laser cutting technology, an electric spark cutting technology or the like, then arrange and fix the diamond fibers or the PDC fibers in a matrix material of the grinding wheel in a circumferential direction in order, and then prepare the ordered diamond fiber grinding wheels or the ordered PDC fiber grinding wheels by integrally hot-press molding a grinding wheel filler and the diamond fibers or the PDC fibers by a hot-press process. However, the ordered fiber grinding wheel prepared by the process has the following main problems: 1. the process of orderly arranging the diamond fibers or the PDC fibers is very complicated, and particularly when the size of the fibers is small, the labor intensity is high and the cost is high; 2. in the subsequent hot-press forming process of the diamond fiber, the displacement phenomenon inevitably occurs, and the arrangement parameters and the arrangement mode are influenced; 3. after the PDC fibers lose cutting ability due to abrasion, the dressing and sharpening are also difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure, which ensures chip containing space and heat dissipation capacity of the grinding wheel, thereby realizing high-efficiency and low-damage processing effect.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting CuSn powder with the average grain diameter of 10-30 microns, the Cu mass percent of 90-95 percent and the Sn mass percent of 5-10 percent, preparing the CuSn powder by adopting gas atomization or water atomization, and then utilizing a mechanical ball milling method to mix the CuSn powder and the Fe2O3Uniformly mixing powder, rare earth element lanthanum and pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of each component is 2-6% of ferric oxide, 5-8% of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-0.1% of lanthanum and the balance of CuSn; as is clear from the CuSn alloy phase diagram, the temperature at which the CuSn alloy powder having the above composition (Cu 90% to 95%, Sn 5% to 10%) develops a liquid phase is about 850 ℃ to 900 ℃. Considering that copper is a tough material, has high ductility and is easy to cause the blockage of a grinding wheel and difficult dressing when the content of copper is high, the iron oxide with the mass fraction of 2-6 percent and the ammonium bicarbonate as the pore-forming agent with the mass fraction of 5-8 percent are added into the grinding wheel. Wherein, the ferric oxide has wide source and low cost, and can obviously improve the hardness and the heat resistance of the grinding wheel; the ammonium bicarbonate is a common pore-forming agent, so that the porosity and the repairability of the grinding wheel can be effectively improved; adding rare earth element lanthanum with the mass fraction of 0.5-0.1%, wherein the rare earth element lanthanum can not only strengthen the grinding wheel matrix, but also wet diamond abrasive particles, and improve the wettability and the binding force of the grinding wheel matrix to the diamond abrasive particles in small holes;
(2) the grinding wheel base material is made of stainless steel, small grooves which are distributed in a reticulate interlaced mode are formed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base material, the groove depth is 1-2 mm, coarse sand paper is used for roughening and polishing the surface of the grinding wheel base material, the purpose is to improve the contact area and the adhesive strength of the grinding wheel base material and powder, the grinding wheel base material is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, and dust and oil dirt are removed; then assembling an inner hole of the grinding wheel matrix with a centering rod, and assembling the base and the graphite outer sleeve; then putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a die, strickling and prepressing, wherein the prepressing pressure is 15-25 MPa; then putting the whole body into a sintering furnace for sintering, heating to 880-900 ℃ at the temperature of 5-8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-12 min, cooling at the temperature of 3-5 ℃/min-200 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and demolding to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
(3) punching the diamond blank by using a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with orderly arranged small holes, wherein the laser is Nd: YAG solid laser, wavelength is 1064nm, output power is 100-120W, pulse width is 0.5-1.5 ms, and pulse frequency is 1.0-2.0 Hz; the graphite electrode is used for processing small holes by electric spark, the working medium is kerosene, the current is 8-12A, the voltage is 80-100V, the pulse width is 50-120 mu s, and the feeding speed is 0.05-0.08 mm/s; the aperture of the processing small hole is 0.8 mm-1.2 mm, and the hole depth is 10 mm-18 mm;
(4) diamond abrasive grain, CuSn and TiH are selected2The mixed powder is used as filling feed in the small holes, wherein the CuSn powder contains 82-85% by mass of Cu, 15-18% by mass of Sn and 10-30 microns of powder average particle size and is prepared by gas atomization or water atomization; TiH2The average grain diameter of the powder is 10-20 microns. Firstly, 90-95% of CuSn powder by mass and 5-10% of TiH by mass2Carrying out mechanical ball milling treatment on the powder, and then mixing the ball-milled powder with diamond abrasive particles according to a volume ratio of 1-1.5: 1, mixing the materials by a three-dimensional mixing mill to obtain uniform feed, filling the feed into small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and sealing the small holes by glue; the whole grinding wheel is placed in a sintering furnace for sintering at 820-840 ℃,and the densification and sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes are realized to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the multi-layer distribution of the abrasive particles. According to the CuSn alloy phase diagram, the temperature of the CuSn powder (the mass percent of Cu is 82-85 percent, the mass percent of Sn is 15-18 percent) for generating a liquid phase is about 800 ℃, and the TiH2The powder generally begins to thermally decompose at about 450 ℃ to produce Ti and hydrogen, the decomposition formula of which is TiH2→Ti+H2. The generated Ti element is continuously diffused in the sintering process and reacts with the carbon element of the diamond at the temperature of over 600 ℃ to generate TiC, the generated TiC can realize the chemical metallurgical bonding of the diamond and the brazing filler metal, and the holding strength of the diamond can be effectively improved.
Further, in the step (1), the ball milling is carried out, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 15-20: 1, the diameter of the silicon nitride ceramic ball for ball milling is 5 mm, the rotating speed is 150-200 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-3 hours.
Further, in the step (1), the average particle size of the iron oxide powder is 20 to 40 microns.
Further, in the step (4), the mechanical ball milling is carried out in a planetary ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 150-180 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-3 hours.
Further, in the step (4), the mixing speed of the feed is 120-150 rpm, and the mixing time is 30-60 minutes to obtain the feed.
Further, in the step (4), the sintering time is 10-15 minutes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention realizes ordered punching by means of laser or electric spark, and fills diamond and brazing filler metal powder in the small holes, thereby ensuring the ordered arrangement of diamond abrasive particles in the grinding wheel and improving the chip containing space and the heat dissipation capability;
(2) the chemical metallurgical bonding between the diamond abrasive particles in the small holes and the brazing filler metal ensures the holding strength of the abrasive particles, the abrasive particles are not easy to fall off prematurely, and the diamond abrasive particles can fully exert the cutting function.
(3) The porous structure of the grinding wheel is beneficial to reducing the grinding temperature and also beneficial to trimming the brazing grinding wheel.
In conclusion, the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the multi-layer distribution of the abrasive particles with the porous structure has good processing performance and good repairability, is high in abrasive particle utilization rate, and can be applied to high-efficiency high-quality and low-cost processing of materials difficult to process. In addition, the processing of the circumferential small holes of the green body of the grinding wheel is not limited to laser drilling, but also can select electric spark drilling, micro-drilling, ion beam drilling and the like. The method of the invention can be used for preparing the grinding wheel, and can also be used for preparing a drill bit, a grinding head, a grinding disc and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an integrated device for laser drilling, powder spreading and glue spraying.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area of section i of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the laser drilling, powder spreading and glue spraying integrated device comprises a machine body 44, a servo motor 1 is arranged in the machine body 44, a connecting rod 42 is connected with the servo motor 1 through a motor shaft 43, an air cylinder 2 is hinged with the connecting rod 42 through a pin shaft 3, an air cylinder piston rod 4 is hinged with a connecting rod 40 through a pin shaft 5, and the connecting rod 42 is hinged with the connecting rod 40 through a pin shaft 41. The material cylinder cover 39 is welded at the bottom of the connecting rod 40, and the material cylinder 37 is connected with the material cylinder cover 39 through threads. The cylinder 37 is filled with diamond abrasive, CuSn and TiH2Feed material 38 composed of powder; the motor 1, the cylinder 2, the piston rod 4, the connecting rod 42, the connecting rod 40 and the charging barrel 37 form a powder feeding device. The motor 1 drives the connecting rod 42 to rotate, the piston rod 4 drives the connecting rod 40 to swing, and the charging barrel 37 reaches a designated working position through the matching of the two movements to spread powder.
The servo motor 12 is installed inside the machine body 44, the connecting rod 13 is connected with the servo motor 12 through the motor shaft 11, the air cylinder 8 is hinged with the connecting rod 13 through the pin shaft 9, the air cylinder piston rod 10 is arranged inside the air cylinder 8 and is hinged with the connecting rod 15 through the pin shaft 14, and the connecting rod 13 is hinged with the connecting rod 15 through the pin shaft 25. The brush head 36 is connected with the bottom of the connecting rod 15 through screw threads; the servo motor 12 drives the connecting rod 13 to rotate, the piston rod 10 drives the connecting rod 15 to swing, and the brush 36 reaches a working position and realizes the function of cleaning redundant powder through the cooperation of the two movements.
The servo motor 16 is arranged in the machine body 44, the connecting rod 20 is connected with the servo motor 16 through the motor shaft 17, the air cylinder 19 is hinged with the connecting rod 20 through the pin shaft 18, the air cylinder piston rod 22 is arranged in the air cylinder 19 and is hinged with the connecting rod 24 through the pin shaft 23, and the connecting rod 20 is hinged with the connecting rod 24 through the pin shaft 21. A material barrel 27 is arranged at the bottom of the connecting rod 24, and a piston 26 is arranged inside the rubber barrel 27. Glue 28 is contained inside the glue barrel 27. The glue outlet 30 is mounted at the bottom of the glue barrel 27 through threads. The motor 16 drives the connecting rod 20 to rotate, the piston rod 22 drives the connecting rod 24 to swing, the charging basket 27 reaches a designated position through the cooperation of the two movements, and the air pressure pushes the piston 26 to extrude the glue.
A laser 6 is fixed below the body 44 and emits a laser beam 7. An ultrasonic vibrator 32 is arranged on the base 31, and a motor shaft 34 and a grinding wheel blank 35 are arranged on the supporting frame 33.
The specific operation method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a grinding wheel blank 35 is arranged on a main shaft driven by a motor 34, a laser 6 emits a laser beam 7 to process small holes 29 on the grinding wheel blank 35 according to the set arrangement parameters, the grinding wheel blank 35 rotates for an angle after a row of small holes 29 are processed, and the processing of the next group of small holes is carried out until all the small holes on the grinding wheel blank 35 are processed; the cylinder 37 contains diamond abrasive grains, CuSn powder, TiH, which are mixed uniformly in advance2Feed material 38 composed of powder. The powder paving device comprises a servo motor 1, a cylinder 2, a piston rod 4, a connecting rod 42, a connecting rod 40 and a charging barrel 37, wherein the motor 1 drives the connecting rod 42 to rotate, the piston rod 4 drives the connecting rod 40 to swing, the charging barrel 37 reaches a specified working position through the matching of the two motions, and a feeding material 38 is paved on the grinding wheel blank 35. And simultaneously, the ultrasonic vibrator 32 works to promote the feeding to be tightly and compactly filled in the circumferential small holes 29 of the grinding wheel blank 35. The servo motor 12 drives the connecting rod 13 to rotate, the piston rod 10 drives the connecting rod 15 to swing, the brush 36 reaches a working position through the matching of the two motions and has a cleaning function, and redundant feeding materials on the surface of the grinding wheel blank 35 are cleaned. After filling of an array of orifices is completed, the electrodes are energizedThe shaft 34 is rotated through an angle to bring the next row of orifices to the operating position to begin filling with powder. Meanwhile, the air pressure pushes the piston 26 to extrude glue 28 in the material barrel 27, so that the filled circumferential small holes 29 of the grinding wheel blank are sealed, and powder materials in the small holes are prevented from flowing out. And repeating the processes until the whole charging and sealing process of the circumferential small holes of the grinding wheel blank is completed, and ensuring that the feeding materials are filled in the circumferential small holes of the grinding wheel.
And then placing the whole grinding wheel in a sintering furnace, wherein the sintering temperature is 820-840 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-15 minutes, so as to obtain the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel. In the process, the sintering temperature is lower than the melting point of CuSn powder of the grinding wheel blank, so that the grinding wheel blank is not melted or loses shape; the distribution and densification sintering of the feeding materials in the regularly arranged small holes realize the ordered arrangement of the diamond, improve the chip containing space and the heat dissipation capacity of the grinding wheel, and the TiH2The powder is thermally decomposed to generate active element Ti which reacts with the diamond to generate intermetallic compound TiC, so that the utilization rate of the diamond with strong holding strength of the diamond can be remarkably improved. In addition, the porous structure in the grinding wheel blank promotes the repairability of the grinding wheel. Therefore, the grinding performance, the repairability and the full utilization of the abrasive particles of the grinding wheel can be realized at the same time, and the application prospect is good.
Example 1
A preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting CuSn powder with the average particle size of about 20 microns, the mass percent of Cu of 95 percent and the mass percent of Sn of 5 percent, preparing the CuSn powder by gas atomization, and then using a mechanical ball milling method to mix the CuSn powder and Fe2O3Uniformly mixing powder (the average particle size is about 30 microns), rare earth element lanthanum and pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the components is 3% of ferric oxide, 7% of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.5% of lanthanum, the balance is CuSn, and the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 15: 1, the diameter of a silicon nitride ceramic ball for ball milling is 5 mm, the rotating speed is 150 r/min, and the ball milling time is 3 hours;
(2) the grinding wheel base material is made of stainless steel, small grooves which are distributed in a reticulate interlaced mode are formed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base material, the groove depth is about 1.5 mm, coarse sand paper is used for conducting roughening and grinding on the surface of the grinding wheel base material, the purpose is to improve the contact area and the adhesive strength of the grinding wheel base material and powder, the grinding wheel base material is cleaned through absolute ethyl alcohol, and dust and oil dirt are removed; then assembling an inner hole of the grinding wheel matrix with a centering rod, and assembling the base and the graphite outer sleeve; then putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a die, strickling and prepressing with the prepressing pressure of 20 MPa; then putting the whole body into a sintering furnace for sintering, heating to 900 ℃ at the temperature of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, cooling at the speed of 4 ℃/min to 200 ℃, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and demoulding to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
(3) drilling the diamond blank by using a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with multiple layers of small holes arranged in order, wherein the laser is Nd: YAG solid laser, wavelength is 1064nm, output power is 120W, pulse width is 1.0ms, pulse frequency is 1.5Hz, aperture of processing small hole is 1.2mm, hole depth is 16 mm;
(4) diamond abrasive grain, CuSn and TiH are selected2The mixed powder is used as filling feed in small holes, wherein the CuSn powder is prepared by gas atomization, wherein the Cu mass percent is 82%, the Sn mass percent is 18%, and the average particle size of the powder is about 15 micrometers; TiH2The average particle size of the powder is about 10 microns. Firstly, 92 mass percent of CuSn powder and 8 mass percent of TiH powder are mixed2Carrying out mechanical ball milling treatment on the powder, wherein the mechanical ball milling is carried out in a planetary ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 150 r/min, the ball milling time is 3 hours, and then, mixing the ball milling powder and the diamond abrasive particles according to the volume ratio of 1.5: 1, mixing by a three-dimensional mixing mill to obtain uniform feed, wherein the mixing speed is 150 revolutions per minute, the mixing time is 40 minutes, filling the feed into small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and sealing the small holes by glue; and (3) placing the whole grinding wheel in a sintering furnace, sintering for 15min at 820 ℃, and realizing the densification sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel.
Example 2
A preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting CuSn powder with the average particle size of about 10 microns, the mass percent of Cu of 90 percent and the mass percent of Sn of 10 percent, preparing the CuSn powder by gas atomization, and then using a mechanical ball milling method to mix the CuSn powder and Fe2O3The powder (the average particle size is about 20 microns), the rare earth element lanthanum and the pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed, wherein the mass ratio of the components is 2% of ferric oxide, 5% of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.1% of lanthanum, the balance is CuSn, and the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 20: 1, the diameter of a silicon nitride ceramic ball for ball milling is 5 mm, the rotating speed is 200 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2 hours;
(2) the grinding wheel base material is made of stainless steel, small grooves which are distributed in a reticulate interlaced mode are formed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base material, the groove depth is about 1.8 mm, coarse sand paper is used for conducting roughening and grinding on the surface of the grinding wheel base material, the purpose is to improve the contact area and the adhesive strength of the grinding wheel base material and powder, the grinding wheel base material is cleaned through absolute ethyl alcohol, and dust and oil dirt are removed; then assembling an inner hole of the grinding wheel matrix with a centering rod, and assembling the base and the graphite outer sleeve; then putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a die, strickling and prepressing with the prepressing pressure of 25 MPa; then putting the whole body into a sintering furnace for sintering, heating to 880 ℃ at the temperature of 8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8 min, cooling at the speed of 3 ℃/min to 200 ℃, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and demoulding to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
(3) drilling the diamond blank by using a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with multiple layers of small holes arranged in order, wherein the laser is Nd: YAG solid laser, wavelength is 1064nm, output power is 100W, pulse width is 0.5ms, pulse frequency is 1.0Hz, aperture of processing small hole is 0.8mm, hole depth is 12 mm;
(4) diamond abrasive grain, CuSn and TiH are selected2The mixed powder of (1) is used as filling feed in small holes, wherein the mass percent of Cu in the CuSn powder is 85 percent, and the mass percent of Sn is 15 percentPercent, the average grain diameter of the powder is about 10 microns, and the powder is prepared by gas atomization; TiH2The average particle size of the powder is about 20 microns. Firstly, CuSn powder with the mass fraction of 90 percent and TiH with the mass fraction of 10 percent2Carrying out mechanical ball milling treatment on the powder, wherein the mechanical ball milling is carried out in a planetary ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 180 r/min, the ball milling time is 2 hours, and then, mixing the ball milling powder and diamond abrasive particles according to the volume ratio of 1: 1, mixing by a three-dimensional mixing mill to obtain uniform feed, wherein the mixing speed is 120 revolutions per minute, the mixing time is 60 minutes, filling the feed into small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and sealing the small holes by using glue; and (3) placing the whole grinding wheel in a sintering furnace, sintering for 10min at 840 ℃ to realize the densification sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel.
Example 3
A preparation method of an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting CuSn powder with the average grain diameter of about 30 microns, the mass percent of Cu of 93 percent and the mass percent of Sn of 7 percent, preparing the CuSn powder by water atomization, and then using a mechanical ball milling method to mix the CuSn powder and Fe2O3Uniformly mixing powder (the average particle size is about 20 microns), rare earth element lanthanum and pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of the components is 6% of ferric oxide, 8% of ammonium bicarbonate and 0.3% of lanthanum, the balance is CuSn, and the ball-milling ball-material ratio is 18: 1, the diameter of a silicon nitride ceramic ball for ball milling is 5 mm, the rotating speed is 180 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2 hours;
(2) the grinding wheel base material is made of stainless steel, small grooves which are distributed in a reticulate interlaced mode are formed in the circumferential direction of the grinding wheel base material, the grooves are about 2mm deep, coarse sand paper is used for roughening and polishing the surface of the grinding wheel base material, the purpose is to improve the contact area and the adhesive strength of the grinding wheel base material and powder, the grinding wheel base material is cleaned by absolute ethyl alcohol, and dust and oil dirt are removed; then assembling an inner hole of the grinding wheel matrix with a centering rod, and assembling the base and the graphite outer sleeve; then putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a die, strickling and prepressing, wherein the prepressing pressure is 15 MPa; then putting the whole body into a sintering furnace for sintering, heating to 890 ℃ at the temperature of 6 ℃/min, preserving heat for 12min, cooling at the speed of 5 ℃/min to 200 ℃, then cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and demoulding to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
(3) drilling the diamond blank by using a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with multiple layers of small holes arranged in order, wherein the laser is Nd: YAG solid laser, wavelength is 1064nm, output power is 110W, pulse width is 0.8ms, pulse frequency is 2.0Hz, aperture of processing small hole is 1.0mm, hole depth is 14 mm;
(4) selecting mixed powder of diamond abrasive particles, CuSn and TiH2 as filling feed in small holes, wherein the CuSn powder is prepared by water atomization, the mass percent of Cu in the CuSn powder is 84%, the mass percent of Sn in the CuSn powder is 16%, and the average particle size of the powder is about 30 micrometers; the average particle size of the TiH2 powder was about 15 microns. Firstly, carrying out mechanical ball milling treatment on CuSn powder with the mass fraction of 95% and TiH2 powder with the mass fraction of 5%, wherein the mechanical ball milling is carried out in a planetary ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 160 r/min, the ball milling time is 3 hours, and then, mixing the ball milling powder and diamond abrasive particles according to the volume ratio of 1.3: 1, mixing by a three-dimensional mixing mill to obtain uniform feed, wherein the mixing speed is 180 revolutions per minute, the mixing time is 50 minutes, filling the feed into small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and sealing the small holes by glue; and (3) placing the whole grinding wheel in a sintering furnace, sintering for 12min at 830 ℃, and realizing densification and sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure is characterized in that CuSn powder and FeO are mixed3Uniformly mixing the powder, the rare earth element lanthanum and ammonium bicarbonate, and preparing a porous grinding wheel blank by utilizing a prepressing forming and integral sintering process; punching the diamond blank by a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with orderly arranged pores, and then grinding the diamond grains, CuSn powder and TiH2Filling the feeding material consisting of the powder into the small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and then sealing the small holes by using glue; and putting the whole grinding wheel in a sintering furnace to realize densification and sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel.
2. The method for preparing the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting CuSn powder with the average grain diameter of 10-30 microns, the Cu mass percent of 90-95 percent and the Sn mass percent of 5-10 percent, preparing the CuSn powder by adopting gas atomization or water atomization, and then utilizing a mechanical ball milling method to mix the CuSn powder and the Fe2O3Uniformly mixing powder, rare earth element lanthanum and pore-forming agent ammonium bicarbonate, wherein the mass ratio of each component is 2-6% of ferric oxide, 5-8% of ammonium bicarbonate, 0.5-0.1% of lanthanum and the balance of CuSn;
(2) selecting a stainless steel material as a grinding wheel base material, forming small grooves in a reticulate interlaced distribution in the circumferential direction, wherein the groove depth is 1-2 mm, roughening and polishing the surface of the grinding wheel base material by using coarse sand paper, cleaning the grinding wheel base material by using absolute ethyl alcohol, and removing dust and oil stains; then assembling an inner hole of the grinding wheel matrix with a centering rod, and assembling the base and the graphite outer sleeve; then putting the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) into a die, strickling and prepressing, wherein the prepressing pressure is 15-25 MPa; then putting the whole body into a sintering furnace for sintering, heating to 880-900 ℃ at the temperature of 5-8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 8-12 min, cooling at the temperature of 3-5 ℃/min-200 ℃, cooling to room temperature along with the furnace, and demolding to obtain a grinding wheel blank;
(3) punching the diamond blank by using a laser or an electric spark forming machine to obtain the diamond blank with orderly arranged small holes, wherein the laser is Nd: YAG solid laser, wavelength is 1064nm, output power is 100-120W, pulse width is 0.5-1.5 ms, and pulse frequency is 1.0-2.0 Hz; the graphite electrode is used for processing small holes by electric spark, the working medium is kerosene, the current is 8-12A, the voltage is 80-120V, the pulse width is 60-120 mu s, and the feeding speed is 0.05-0.08 mm/s; the aperture of the processing small hole is 0.8 mm-1.2 mm, and the hole depth is 10 mm-18 mm.
(4) Diamond abrasive grain, CuSn and TiH are selected2The mixed powder is used as filling feed in the small holes, wherein the CuSn powder contains 82-85% by mass of Cu, 15-18% by mass of Sn and 10-30 microns of powder average particle size and is prepared by gas atomization or water atomization; TiH2The average grain diameter of the powder is 10-20 microns. Firstly, 90-95% of CuSn powder by mass and 5-10% of TiH by mass2Carrying out mechanical ball milling treatment on the powder, and then mixing the ball-milled powder with diamond abrasive particles according to a volume ratio of 1-1.5: 1, mixing the materials by a three-dimensional mixing mill to obtain uniform feed, filling the feed into small holes, tightly filling the powder in an ultrasonic vibration mode, and sealing the small holes by glue; and putting the whole grinding wheel into a sintering furnace for sintering at 820-840 ℃ to realize the densification and sintering of the brazing filler metal powder in the small holes to prepare the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the multi-layer distribution of the abrasive particles.
3. The method for preparing the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the ball milling is carried out, wherein the ball-to-material ratio is 15-20: 1, the diameter of the silicon nitride ceramic ball for ball milling is 5 mm, the rotating speed is 150-200 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-3 hours.
4. The method for preparing an ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with a porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the average grain size of the iron oxide powder is 20-40 microns.
5. The method for preparing the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mechanical ball milling is carried out in a planetary ball mill, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 150-180 r/min, and the ball milling time is 2-3 hours.
6. The method for preparing the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the feeding material is mixed at a speed of 120-150 rpm for 30-60 minutes.
7. The method for preparing the ordered diamond brazing grinding wheel with the porous structure according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the sintering time is 10-15 minutes.
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