CN112008124B - Automatic milling method for precision hole - Google Patents
Automatic milling method for precision hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN112008124B CN112008124B CN202010735476.5A CN202010735476A CN112008124B CN 112008124 B CN112008124 B CN 112008124B CN 202010735476 A CN202010735476 A CN 202010735476A CN 112008124 B CN112008124 B CN 112008124B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal cutting machining, in particular to an automatic milling method for a precision hole, which comprises the steps of positioning a machined hole, keeping a certain margin for rough machining, carrying out initial assignment on a machine tool variable, carrying out finish machining by adopting an output spiral interpolation mode, and then calling a probe to measure an actual value of the aperture of the machined hole; and then calculating to obtain a difference value between the actual value and the theoretical value, compensating the difference value into the variable for controlling the aperture, and finally processing the machined hole to the theoretical value through successive iterative calculation of the machine tool variable. By the method, the problems of low processing efficiency, unstable quality and low automation degree in the fine hole processing process can be effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal cutting machining, in particular to an automatic milling method for precision holes.
Background
In recent years, aviation manufacturing industry in China is rapidly developed, in order to adapt to the development trend of intelligent aircraft structural part manufacturing technology based on digitization, aviation host manufacturing enterprises gradually change the production and manufacturing mode of the existing aircraft structural part, implement the construction of a flexible production line and a digital workshop based on digitization and informatization, improve the automation level of aircraft structural part processing, meet the requirements of production flexibility and automation, and realize the technical improvement of manufacturing industry taking the aviation manufacturing technology as a breakthrough.
With the development of the composite design technology of the airplane structure, the requirement on the manufacturing precision of the airplane structural part is higher and higher. The precision hole is the most typical precision characteristic of an airplane structural part, plays an important role in matching and positioning in the assembly process of parts and has important influence on the performance, quality and service life of a product.
In order to ensure the aperture precision, an operator needs to repeatedly measure the aperture and adjust the diameter of a boring cutter according to the part processing state. A large amount of manual intervention is introduced in the boring process, the machining efficiency is low, the process is not easy to control, great quality hidden dangers exist, and the production requirements of high efficiency, high quality and low cost at present cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an automatic milling method for precision holes, which can effectively solve the problems of low processing efficiency, unstable quality and low automation degree in the precision hole processing process.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an automatic milling method for precision holes is characterized in that: the method comprises a main system, and a coordinate system alignment system, a rough machining system, a variable hole milling system and a probe measurement system which are respectively connected with the main system, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the main system calls a coordinate system alignment system to align a machining coordinate system of the machined hole;
b. the main system calls a rough machining system, rough machining is conducted on the machined hole according to a machining coordinate system, and allowance is reserved after rough machining;
c. the main system performs initial assignment on a machine tool variable and controls the hole milling aperture through the machine tool variable;
d. the main system calls a variable hole milling system to finish the machined hole: calculating the cutter center coordinate of the hole milling cutter according to the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, and processing the processed hole by using the hole milling cutter according to the spiral line cutter path, wherein in the process, the finish machining circular hole milling cutting satisfies the following conditions:
wherein, VcTo the cutting line speed, F2Is the feed per tooth, S is the cutting pitch, AeTo cut width, K1Correction factor, K, for the material being worked2As a tool length-diameter ratio correction factor, K3As a correction factor for the diameter of the tool, K4Is a cutter structureCorrection factor, K5The correction coefficient is the diameter ratio of the cutter diameter to the processed hole;
e. the main system calls a probe measuring system, measures the actual aperture of the processed hole according to the probe measuring track by using a machine tool probe, and judges whether the actual aperture of the processed hole meets the tolerance requirement; if the actual aperture of the machined hole is larger than the tolerance upper limit, reporting an error; if the actual aperture of the machined hole is smaller than the tolerance upper limit and larger than the tolerance lower limit, finishing machining; if the actual aperture of the processed hole is smaller than the lower tolerance limit, entering step f;
f. and d, calculating by the main system to obtain a difference value between the actual aperture of the machined hole and the theoretical value, compensating the difference value into a machine tool variable for controlling the aperture, realizing iterative calculation of the machine tool variable, controlling the aperture of the milled hole through the iterated machine tool variable, and entering the step d.
And c, initially assigning machine tool variables as follows: and B is D-A/2, wherein B is the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, D is the theoretical value of the machined hole, and A is the allowance left after rough machining.
And f, iterative calculation of machine tool variables: b '═ B + D-C, where B' is the iterated value of the machine tool variable, B is the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, D is the theoretical value of the hole being machined, and C is the actual hole diameter of the hole being machined.
And c, reserving the allowance of 0.1-0.4 mm after rough machining in the step b.
In the step d, the geometric parameters of the hole milling cutter comprise:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool, L is the working length of the tool, LcThe length of the cutter edge, d the diameter of the processed hole, l the depth of the processed hole and S the cutting pitch.
In the step d, the length-diameter ratio correction coefficient K of the cutter2The method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool, LcThe length of the knife edge.
In the step d, the diameter correction coefficient K of the tool3The method specifically comprises the following steps:
wherein Dc is the diameter of the tool.
In the step d, the diameter ratio of the tool diameter to the processed hole is corrected by a correction coefficient K5The method specifically comprises the following steps:
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the process of fine hole machining, the invention adopts a means of outputting a circular variable programming of spiral interpolation and combines the application of a machine tool probe, detects the size of an intermediate state in the milling process and realizes the automatic compensation of a machining error, thereby ensuring the aperture precision of a machined hole. A certain margin is reserved for machining a machined hole, then a probe is called to measure an actual value of the aperture of the machined hole, a difference value between the actual value and a theoretical value is calculated, the difference value is compensated to a variable for controlling the aperture, and machining errors caused by cutter manufacturing errors, cutter abrasion and cutter and workpiece deformation are corrected. And finally, the machined hole is machined to a theoretical value through successive iterative calculation of machine tool variables, so that the aperture measurement, error compensation and the like in the fine hole machining process are controlled by programs, manual intervention is not needed, the error probability and the quality risk are low, and the unmanned dry pre-machining of the fine hole on an automatic production line can be realized.
The fine hole milling program adopts a mode of outputting spiral interpolation, the track of a spiral line tool path is continuous, the tool feeding is not reversed, the machining process is stable, and the surface quality of the fine hole can be better ensured. In the whole machining process, the geometric error and the surface roughness of the precision hole are directly guaranteed by a numerical control program and the interpolation precision of a machine tool, and the dimensional tolerance of the precision hole is indirectly guaranteed by automatic compensation.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an automatic milling process for fine holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the helical milling operation of the tool of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the probe measuring aperture of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are:
1. the method comprises the steps of machining a hole, 2, machining a coordinate system, 3, milling a hole cutter, 4, measuring tracks by a spiral cutter path, 5, a machine tool probe, 6 and a probe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As a basic implementation mode of the invention, the invention comprises an automatic precision hole milling system which comprises a main system, and a coordinate system alignment system, a rough machining system, a variable hole milling system and a probe measurement system which are respectively connected with the main system, wherein the main system comprises a coordinate system alignment calling subsystem, a rough machining calling subsystem, an initial variable assignment system, a variable hole milling calling subsystem, a probe measurement calling subsystem and a variable iterative computation system. The variable hole milling system comprises a cutter center coordinate calculation program and a spiral interpolation hole milling program. The probe measurement system comprises a probe hole measurement program and an aperture measured value assignment.
The method for utilizing the automatic milling system of the precision hole specifically comprises the following process steps:
a. the main system calls a coordinate system alignment system to align the machining coordinate system 2 of the machined hole 1, and the position of the machining coordinate system 2 of the machined hole 1 comprises but is not limited to the center of the orifice of the machined hole 1.
b. And the main system calls a rough machining system, rough machining is carried out on the machined hole 1 according to the machining coordinate system 2, and allowance is reserved after rough machining.
c. And the main system performs initial assignment on the machine tool variable and controls the hole milling aperture through the machine tool variable.
d. The main system calls a variable hole milling system to finish the machined hole 1: calculating the cutter center coordinate of a hole milling cutter 3 according to the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, and processing the processed hole 1 by using the hole milling cutter 3 according to a spiral line tool path 4, wherein in the process, the finish machining circular hole milling cutting satisfies the following conditions:
wherein, VcTo the cutting line speed, F2Is the feed per tooth, S is the cutting pitch, AeTo cut width, K1Correction factor, K, for the material being worked2As a tool length-diameter ratio correction factor, K3As a correction factor for the diameter of the tool, K4Correction factor for tool configuration, K5The diameter ratio of the tool diameter to the processed hole 1 is a correction coefficient.
e. The main system calls a probe measuring system, measures the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 by using a machine tool probe 5 according to a probe measuring track 6, and judges whether the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 meets the tolerance requirement; if the actual aperture of the machined hole 1 is larger than the upper tolerance limit, reporting an error; if the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is smaller than the tolerance upper limit and larger than the tolerance lower limit, the processing is finished; and f, if the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is smaller than the lower tolerance limit, entering step f.
f. And d, calculating by the main system to obtain a difference value between the actual aperture of the machined hole 1 and the theoretical value, compensating the difference value into a machine tool variable for controlling the aperture to realize iterative calculation of the machine tool variable, controlling the aperture of the milled hole by the machine tool variable after iteration, and entering the step d.
Example 2
Referring to the accompanying drawing 1 of the specification, the present invention includes an automatic precision hole milling method, which specifically includes the following steps:
a. the main system calls a coordinate system alignment system to align the machining coordinate system 2 of the machined hole 1, and the position of the machining coordinate system 2 of the machined hole 1 comprises but is not limited to the center of the orifice of the machined hole 1.
b. And the main system calls a rough machining system, rough machining is carried out on the machined hole 1 according to the machining coordinate system 2, a margin is reserved after rough machining, and the margin is reserved after rough machining and ranges from 0.1 mm to 0.4 mm.
c. And the main system performs initial assignment on the machine tool variable and controls the hole milling aperture through the machine tool variable. And the machine tool variable is initially assigned as B-D-A/2, wherein B is the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, D is a theoretical value of the machined hole 1, and A is a margin left after rough machining.
d. Referring to the attached figure 2 of the specification, the main system calls a variable hole milling system to finish the machined hole 1: and calculating the tool center coordinate of the hole milling tool 3 according to the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, and machining the machined hole 1 by using the hole milling tool 3 according to the spiral tool path 4. The hole milling cutter 3 is made of hard alloy material. In the finish machining process, the geometrical parameters of the hole milling cutter 3 meet the following requirements:
the cutting parameters of the finish machining circular milling hole meet the following requirements:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool, L is the working length of the tool, LcThe length of the cutting edge, d is the diameter of the hole to be machined 1, l is the depth of the hole to be machined 1, S is the cutting pitch, VcTo the cutting line speed, F2Is the feed per tooth, S is the cutting pitch, AeIs the cutting width.
Wherein, K1In order to correct the coefficient of work, when the work is an aluminum alloy, K1The value of (A) is 3; when the material to be processed is a titanium alloy, K1The value of (A) is 0.8; when the material to be processed is stainless steel, K1The value of (A) is 0.6.
Wherein, K2As a tool length-diameter ratio correction factor, K2The value range of (A) satisfies:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool, LcThe length of the knife edge.
Wherein, K3As a correction factor for the diameter of the tool, K3The value range of (A) satisfies:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool.
Wherein, K4For correcting the coefficient of the tool structure, when the tool structure is of integral type, K4The value of (A) is 1; when the tool construction is of the welding-blade type, K4The value of (A) is 0.5; when the tool is of the indexable insert type, K4The value of (A) is 0.5.
Wherein, K5The correction coefficient is the diameter ratio of the diameter of the cutter to the diameter of the processed hole 1, K5The value range of (A) satisfies:
wherein D iscD is the diameter of the tool and the diameter of the hole 1 to be machined.
e. And the main system calls a probe measuring system, and with reference to the attached figure 3 of the specification, the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is measured by using a machine tool probe 5 according to a probe measuring track 6, and whether the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 meets the tolerance requirement is judged. Wherein, the probe measurement track 6 may be specifically: four points are taken in the upper, lower, left and right directions of the cross section of the hole wall of the processed hole 1 for measurement, the movement process is that the first step moves to the position above the hole center, the second step moves into the hole, the third step starts to move a cross track from the hole center to finish measurement, and the fourth step exits. When judging and analyzing whether the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 meets the tolerance requirement, if the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is larger than the tolerance upper limit, reporting an error; if the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is smaller than the tolerance upper limit and larger than the tolerance lower limit, the processing is finished; and f, if the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 is smaller than the lower tolerance limit, entering step f.
f. And the main system calculates to obtain a difference value between the actual aperture of the processed hole 1 and a theoretical value, compensates the difference value into a machine tool variable for controlling the aperture, and realizes iterative calculation of the machine tool variable, wherein the value after iteration of the machine tool variable is B' ═ B + D-C, D is the theoretical value of the processed hole 1, and C is the actual aperture of the processed hole 1. And d, controlling the hole milling aperture through the machine tool variable after iteration, entering the step d, and circularly reciprocating until an error is reported or the machining work is finished.
The processed hole 1 is made of titanium alloy, the aperture diameter is 35mm, the hole depth is 50mm, and the tolerance requirement (+0.05/0) mm is met; the hole milling cutter 3 is an integral hard alloy 5-tooth end mill with the diameter phi of 25mm, the working length of 60mm and the base angle radius of 3 mm; the processing coordinate system 2 is arranged at the hole center of the hole; for an example of theoretical hole milling until phi is 35.01mm, the numerical control program under the Siemens numerical control system is as follows:
in summary, after reading the present disclosure, those skilled in the art should make various other modifications without creative efforts according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present disclosure, which are within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. An automatic milling method for precision holes is characterized in that: the method comprises a main system, and a coordinate system alignment system, a rough machining system, a variable hole milling system and a probe measurement system which are respectively connected with the main system, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. the main system calls a coordinate system alignment system to align a machining coordinate system (2) of the machined hole (1);
b. the main system calls a rough machining system, rough machining is conducted on the machined hole (1) according to the machining coordinate system (2), and allowance is reserved after rough machining;
c. the main system performs initial assignment on a machine tool variable and controls the hole milling aperture through the machine tool variable;
d. the main system calls a variable hole milling system to finish the machined hole (1): calculating the cutter center coordinate of the hole milling cutter (3) according to the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, and processing the processed hole (1) by using the hole milling cutter (3) according to the spiral tool path (4), wherein in the process, the cutting of the finish machining circular milled hole meets the following requirements:
wherein, VcTo the cutting line speed, F2Is the feed per tooth, S is the cutting pitch, AeTo cut width, K1Correction factor, K, for the material being worked2As a tool length-diameter ratio correction factor, K3As a correction factor for the diameter of the tool, K4Correction factor for tool configuration, K5The diameter ratio of the tool diameter to the processed hole (1) is a correction coefficient;
e. the main system calls a probe measuring system, measures the actual aperture of the processed hole (1) by using a machine tool probe (5) according to a probe measuring track (6), and judges whether the actual aperture of the processed hole (1) meets the tolerance requirement; if the actual aperture of the machined hole (1) is larger than the tolerance upper limit, reporting an error; if the actual aperture of the machined hole (1) is smaller than the tolerance upper limit and larger than the tolerance lower limit, finishing machining; if the actual aperture of the processed hole (1) is smaller than the lower tolerance limit, entering step f;
f. the main system calculates to obtain a difference value between the actual aperture and the theoretical value of the processed hole (1), compensates the difference value into a machine tool variable for controlling the aperture, realizes iterative calculation of the machine tool variable, controls the aperture of the milled hole through the machine tool variable after iteration, and enters step d;
and c, initially assigning machine tool variables as follows: b is D-A/2, wherein B is the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, D is the theoretical value of the machined hole (1), and A is the allowance left after rough machining; and f, iterative calculation of machine tool variables: b '═ B + D-C, where B' is the iterated value of the machine tool variable, B is the initial assignment of the machine tool variable, D is the theoretical value of the hole (1) being machined, and C is the actual hole diameter of the hole (1) being machined.
2. The automated precision hole milling method of claim 1, wherein: and c, reserving the allowance of 0.1-0.4 mm after rough machining in the step b.
3. A precision hole automated milling method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step d, the geometrical parameters of the hole milling cutter (3) comprise:
wherein D iscIs the diameter of the tool, L is the working length of the tool, LcThe length of the cutting edge is d, the diameter of the hole (1) to be machined is d, the hole depth of the hole (1) to be machined is l, and the cutting pitch is S.
4. A precision hole automated milling method according to claim 3, wherein: in the step d, the length-diameter ratio correction coefficient K of the cutter2The method specifically comprises the following steps:
5. The automated precision hole milling method of claim 4, wherein: in the step d, the diameter correction coefficient K of the tool3The method specifically comprises the following steps:
6. The automated precision hole milling method of claim 5, wherein: in the step d, the diameter ratio of the tool diameter to the processed hole (1) is corrected by a correction coefficient K5The method specifically comprises the following steps:
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| CN113687628B (en) * | 2021-08-02 | 2022-11-18 | 大连理工大学 | Self-adaptive machining method for hole features under multi-source geometric constraint |
| CN113720695A (en) * | 2021-08-08 | 2021-11-30 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Method for continuously processing rectangular tensile samples of different specifications in four stations |
| CN113798566B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2024-03-29 | 上海东岩机械股份有限公司 | Spiral milling method |
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| US7577491B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-08-18 | General Electric Company | System and method for extracting parameters of a cutting tool |
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| CN102179559A (en) * | 2011-03-28 | 2011-09-14 | 南京信息职业技术学院 | Spiral hole milling device for lathe and method thereof |
| CN102794491A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-11-28 | 浙江大学 | Device and method of automatic helical milling of hole |
| CN103962612A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-06 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | Numerical control milling machining method for stator blade |
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