CN111375812B - Method for machining spiral inter-belt groove on excircle of cylindrical workpiece - Google Patents

Method for machining spiral inter-belt groove on excircle of cylindrical workpiece Download PDF

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CN111375812B
CN111375812B CN202010227207.8A CN202010227207A CN111375812B CN 111375812 B CN111375812 B CN 111375812B CN 202010227207 A CN202010227207 A CN 202010227207A CN 111375812 B CN111375812 B CN 111375812B
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spiral
point
processed
cylindrical workpiece
belt
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CN111375812A (en
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郭光强
张强强
张涛
程小刚
严欢
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Dongfang Boiler Group Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
    • B23C3/28—Grooving workpieces
    • B23C3/32—Milling helical grooves, e.g. in making twist-drills

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Abstract

The invention relates to a machining technology, and particularly discloses a method for machining a spiral inter-belt groove on an excircle of a cylindrical workpiece. The method realizes the parameterized numerical control programming of the groove to be processed between the adjacent spiral bands by firstly obtaining the distance between the adjacent spiral bands, and can replace the computer-aided programming to process the spiral bands on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece; the parameterized programming does not need to establish a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, so that the numerical control programming process is more convenient and efficient on the premise of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of numerical control programming, and the preparation period of workpiece processing is favorably shortened; in contrast, the parameterized programming has lower requirements on the skills of numerical control programmers, and is beneficial to wide application.

Description

Method for machining spiral inter-belt groove on excircle of cylindrical workpiece
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machining technology, in particular to a cylindrical workpiece machining technology.
Background
At present, when a cylindrical workpiece such as a straight pipe excircle has a spiral belt to be processed, because the width of the spiral belt on the straight pipe excircle is constant, the distance between adjacent spiral belts changes along with the change of the radial height dimension of the adjacent spiral belts, the coordinate point position on the side surface of the spiral belt is complex to calculate, the calculation is difficult to carry out manually, and only computer-aided programming can be adopted. Although the machining requirement can be met, before machining, a three-dimensional model of the workpiece needs to be established first, and then programming is carried out by using computer-aided programming software, so that the programming process is complicated, inconvenient and quick, the implementation can be realized only by configuring the computer-aided programming software, and the application range is limited.
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for processing a spiral band gap on the excircle of a cylindrical workpiece.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for machining a spiral interband groove on the excircle of a cylindrical workpiece.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the method for machining the spiral inter-belt groove on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a cylindrical workpiece to be processed, and measuring the excircle radius R of the cylindrical workpiece to be processed; according to design requirements, determining the width b of a spiral belt to be processed, the height H of the spiral belt to be processed, a bottom fillet r of the spiral belt to be processed, an included angle theta of central lines of adjacent spiral belts to be processed and a lead angle alpha of the spiral belt;
s2, determining the milling layer number of the spiral groove:
Figure BDA0002427923260000011
wherein a ispFor each layer milling depth, e2E is required to be adjusted according to actual conditions for the allowance of the bottom finish machining2、apMaking N an integer;
s3, selecting any processing point P on any side surface of the spiral belt to be processed, where the vertical distance h between the point P and the end surface of the spiral belt to be processed where the point P is located is n · apWherein: n is an element of [1, N ∈]And is an integer; setting a radial included angle beta between a central line between the spiral belt to be processed and the point P, wherein the spiral belt to be processed is located at the point P, and the spiral belt to be processed is located at one side of the point P and is adjacent to the point P;
s4, taking any end face of two end faces of the cylindrical workpiece as an XOY plane, taking the circle center of the selected end face as an origin, coinciding the positive direction of the Y axis with the central line selected in S3, taking the positive right side of the Y axis as the positive direction of the X axis, the central axis of the cylindrical workpiece as the Z axis, and taking the direction far away from the workpiece as the negative direction of the Z axis, so as to establish a space coordinate system;
s5, selecting S3 two adjacent spiral belts to be machined on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece to be machined, setting spline spirals on two adjacent side surfaces of the spiral belts to be spiral lines L1 and L2 respectively, and setting starting points of the spiral lines L1 and L2 to be a point A and a point B respectively;
the following expression is established for the spiral line L1:
Figure BDA0002427923260000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002427923260000022
ω1is any point on the spiral line L1 and the point A at XA radial projection included angle on an OY plane;
s6, establishing the following expression for the spiral line L2:
Figure BDA0002427923260000023
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002427923260000024
ω2is the radial projection angle of any point on the spiral line L2 and the point B on the XOY plane;
s7, taking the point B as a starting point to make a line segment BC which is perpendicular to the L1 and the L2, taking the foot as a point C, and establishing the following expression for a spiral line where the line segment BC is located:
Figure BDA0002427923260000031
in the formula, ω3The included angle between any point on the spiral line BC and the radial projection of the starting point B of the spiral line on the XOY plane is shown.
S8, simultaneous type (1) and formula (3), the coordinates of point C can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002427923260000032
s9, simultaneous type (2) and formula (3), the coordinates of point B can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002427923260000033
s10, obtaining the space distance of B, C two points on the cylindrical surface according to the coordinates of the point B, C, namely the distance between adjacent spiral belts at the point P on the side surface of the spiral belt is:
Figure BDA0002427923260000034
s11, determining the diameter of the milling cutter:
Figure BDA0002427923260000041
when the cyclone milling cutter is adopted, the cutting width of the cyclone milling cutter is not more than DmaxWherein
Figure BDA0002427923260000042
Figure BDA0002427923260000043
S12, determining the milling width of the nth layer according to the formula (6):
Figure BDA0002427923260000044
wherein: n is an element of [1, N ∈]And is an integer, e1The allowance of fine machining of two side surfaces;
and S13, milling the groove to be processed between the adjacent spiral belts by using a milling cutter or a cyclone milling cutter according to the calculated value of the formula (7) on the turning center.
As a further improvement of the invention, the method also comprises the step of finishing the allowance of the side surface and the bottom surface by using a forming milling cutter after the step S13 is finished, and the step of grinding the edge and/or corner formed by the allowance when the bottom fillet of the spiral belt and the outer surface of the cylindrical workpiece are machined so as to enable the edges and/or the corners to be smoothly transited.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method has the advantages that the interval between the adjacent spiral belts is obtained firstly, the parameterized numerical control programming of the groove to be processed between the adjacent spiral belts is realized, and the spiral belts on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece can be processed by computer-aided programming instead; the parameterized programming does not need to establish a three-dimensional model of the workpiece, so that the numerical control programming process is more convenient and efficient on the premise of ensuring the accuracy and reliability of numerical control programming, and the preparation period of workpiece processing is favorably shortened; in contrast, the parameterized programming has lower requirements on the skills of numerical control programmers, and is beneficial to wide application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the main steps of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic radial cross-section of a cylindrical workpiece.
Figure 3 is a schematic representation of the spline helix development of adjacent helical bands.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the method of the invention is used for processing spiral interband grooves on the excircle of a straight steel pipe workpiece made of SA-312TP 316H:
s1, taking the straight steel pipe workpiece to be processed, and measuring the excircle radius R of the straight steel pipe workpiece to be processed to be 300 mm; according to design requirements, determining that the width b of the spiral belt to be processed is 40mm, the height H of the spiral belt to be processed is 30mm, the bottom fillet r of the spiral belt to be processed is 5mm, the included angle theta of the central lines of the adjacent spiral belts to be processed is 18 degrees, and the lead angle alpha of the spiral belt is 45 degrees.
S2, determining the milling layer number of the spiral groove: taking the milling depth a of each layerp1.9, taking the margin of finish machining of the bottom surface e21.5; then the process of the first step is carried out,
Figure BDA0002427923260000051
s3, selecting any processing point P on any side surface of the spiral belt to be processed, where the vertical distance h between the point P and the end surface of the spiral belt to be processed where the point P is located is n · ap1.9n, wherein: n is an element of [1,15]]And is an integer; setting a radial included angle beta between a central line between the spiral belt to be processed and the point P, wherein the spiral belt to be processed is located at the point P, and the spiral belt to be processed is located at one side of the point P and is adjacent to the point P;
s4, establishing a coordinate system: taking any end face of two end faces of the cylindrical workpiece as an XOY plane, taking the circle center of the selected end face as an origin, coinciding the positive direction of the Y axis with the central line selected in S3, taking the positive right side of the Y axis as the positive direction of the X axis, taking the central axis of the cylindrical workpiece as the Z axis, and taking the direction far away from the workpiece as the negative direction of the Z axis, so as to establish a space coordinate system;
s5, selecting S3 two adjacent spiral belts to be machined on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece to be machined, setting spline spirals on two adjacent side surfaces of the spiral belts to be spiral lines L1 and L2 respectively, and setting starting points of the spiral lines L1 and L2 to be a point A and a point B respectively;
the following expression is established for the spiral line L1:
Figure BDA0002427923260000052
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002427923260000053
ω1is the radial projection angle of any point on the spiral line L1 and the point A on the XOY plane;
s6, establishing the following expression for the spiral line L2:
Figure BDA0002427923260000061
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002427923260000062
ω2is the radial projection angle of any point on the spiral line L2 and the point B on the XOY plane;
s7, taking the point B as a starting point to make a line segment BC which is perpendicular to the L1 and the L2, taking the foot as a point C, and establishing the following expression for a spiral line where the line segment BC is located:
Figure BDA0002427923260000063
in the formula, ω3The included angle between any point on the spiral line BC and the radial projection of the starting point B of the spiral line on the XOY plane is shown.
S8, simultaneous type (1) and formula (3), the coordinates of point C can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002427923260000064
s9, simultaneous type (2) and formula (3), the coordinates of point B can be obtained:
Figure BDA0002427923260000071
s10, obtaining the space distance of B, C two points on the cylindrical surface according to the coordinates of the point B, C, namely the distance between adjacent spiral belts at the point P on the side surface of the spiral belt is:
Figure BDA0002427923260000072
s11, determining the diameter of the milling cutter:
calculating to obtain:
Figure BDA0002427923260000073
then:
Figure BDA0002427923260000074
Figure BDA0002427923260000075
taking the allowance of finish machining of two side surfaces e12.51, the tool diameter D is 36.
S12, determining the milling width of the nth layer according to the formula (6):
Figure BDA0002427923260000076
wherein: n belongs to [1,15] and is an integer;
Figure BDA0002427923260000077
according to formula (7): l is1＝42.21,L2＝41.79,…,L1536.37, etc.
S13, calculating the L on the turning center according to the abovenValues, e.g. L1＝42.21,L2＝41.79,…,L1536.37, etc., and a fillet milling cutter with the diameter of 36 and the r of 5 is used for milling the groove to be processed between the adjacent spiral bands.
S14, finishing the allowance e of the two side faces by using a forming milling cutter12.51, bottom margin e21.5, and r 5 rounded.
And S15, processing the spiral belts one by one, and grinding edges/edges formed by machining the bottoms of the spiral belts and the excircle area of the steel pipe to enable the spiral belts to be in smooth transition.

Claims (2)

1. The method for machining the spiral inter-belt groove on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a cylindrical workpiece to be processed, and measuring the excircle radius R of the cylindrical workpiece to be processed; according to design requirements, determining the width b of a spiral belt to be processed, the height H of the spiral belt to be processed, a bottom fillet r of the spiral belt to be processed, an included angle theta of central lines of adjacent spiral belts to be processed and a lead angle alpha of the spiral belt;
s2, determining the milling layer number of the spiral groove:
Figure FDA0002759510160000011
wherein a ispFor each layer milling depth, e2E is required to be adjusted according to actual conditions for the allowance of the bottom finish machining2、apMaking N an integer;
s3, selecting any processing point P on any side surface of the spiral belt to be processed, where the vertical distance h between the point P and the end surface of the spiral belt to be processed where the point P is located is n · apWherein: n is an element of [1, N ∈]And is an integer; setting a radial included angle beta between a central line between the spiral belt to be processed and the point P, wherein the spiral belt to be processed is located at the point P, and the spiral belt to be processed is located at one side of the point P and is adjacent to the point P;
s4, taking any end face of two end faces of the cylindrical workpiece as an XOY plane, taking the circle center of the selected end face as an origin, coinciding the positive direction of the Y axis with the central line selected in S3, taking the positive right side of the Y axis as the positive direction of the X axis, the central axis of the cylindrical workpiece as the Z axis, and taking the direction far away from the workpiece as the negative direction of the Z axis, so as to establish a space coordinate system;
s5, selecting S3 two adjacent spiral belts to be machined on the excircle of the cylindrical workpiece to be machined, setting spline spirals on two adjacent side surfaces of the spiral belts to be spiral lines L1 and L2 respectively, and setting starting points of the spiral lines L1 and L2 to be a point A and a point B respectively;
the following expression is established for the spiral line L1:
Figure FDA0002759510160000012
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002759510160000013
ω1is the radial projection angle of any point on the spiral line L1 and the point A on the XOY plane;
s6, establishing the following expression for the spiral line L2:
Figure FDA0002759510160000021
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002759510160000022
ω2is the radial projection angle of any point on the spiral line L2 and the point B on the XOY plane;
s7, taking the point B as a starting point to make a line segment BC which is perpendicular to the L1 and the L2, taking the foot as a point C, and establishing the following expression for a spiral line where the line segment BC is located:
Figure FDA0002759510160000023
in the formula, ω3Forming a radial projection included angle between any point on the spiral line BC and the starting point B of the spiral line on an XOY plane;
s8, simultaneous type (1) and formula (3), the coordinates of point C can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002759510160000024
s9, simultaneous type (2) and formula (3), the coordinates of point B can be obtained:
Figure FDA0002759510160000031
s10, obtaining the space distance of B, C two points on the cylindrical surface according to the coordinates of the point B, C, namely the distance between adjacent spiral belts at the point P on the side surface of the spiral belt is:
Figure FDA0002759510160000032
s11, determining the diameter of the milling cutter:
Figure FDA0002759510160000033
when the cyclone milling cutter is adopted, the cutting width of the cyclone milling cutter is not more than DmaxWherein
Figure FDA0002759510160000034
Figure FDA0002759510160000035
S12, determining the milling width of the nth layer according to the formula (6):
Figure FDA0002759510160000036
wherein: n is an element of [1, N ∈]And is an integer, e1The allowance of fine machining of two side surfaces;
and S13, milling the groove to be processed between the adjacent spiral belts by using a milling cutter or a cyclone milling cutter according to the calculated value of the formula (7) on the turning center.
2. The method for machining the spiral interband groove on the outer circle of the cylindrical workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the step of finishing the allowance of the side surface and the bottom surface by using a forming milling cutter after the step S13 is finished, and the step of grinding edges and/or edges and corners formed by the allowance when the bottom fillet of the spiral belt and the outer surface of the cylindrical workpiece are machined so as to enable the edges and/or the corners to be smoothly transited.
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DE1284255B (en) * 1966-10-07 1968-11-28 Eischeid Karl Milling machine for producing twist drills, in particular stone drills
CN203711959U (en) * 2013-12-11 2014-07-16 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 Milling cutter for processing arc groove on excircle of nuclear tilting pad
CN107370330A (en) * 2017-04-18 2017-11-21 王政玉 A kind of screw motor
CN107414154A (en) * 2017-08-04 2017-12-01 格林精密部件(苏州)有限公司 A kind of new Worm processing apparatus
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