CN112000314B - BIM model light weight method - Google Patents
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- CN112000314B CN112000314B CN202010827832.6A CN202010827832A CN112000314B CN 112000314 B CN112000314 B CN 112000314B CN 202010827832 A CN202010827832 A CN 202010827832A CN 112000314 B CN112000314 B CN 112000314B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a BIM model light weight method. The method comprises three modules of BIM model attribute information elimination based on application purposes, BIM model geometric shape reduction based on triangular patch combination and boundary line reduction, and BIM model parameterization expression based on geometric shape feature recognition. The BIM model is light in weight, three aspects of model attribute, geometric shape and parameterization are considered, geometric figure is simplified and parameterized, so that the number of triangular patches and vertexes of the BIM model is greatly reduced, irrelevant BIM attribute information is removed according to the application purpose and application stage of BIM by stage identification and management of the BIM model attribute, the light weight effect is further optimized, and the utilization efficiency of BIM data is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a BIM model light weight method.
Background
BIM (building information model) is a complete information model, and can integrate engineering information, processes and resources of engineering projects at different stages in a full life cycle into one model, so that the engineering project is convenient to use by all engineering participants. The real information of the building is simulated by the three-dimensional digital technology, and an information model which is mutually coordinated and internally consistent is provided for engineering design, construction management and operation maintenance, so that the model achieves the integration of the whole life of the engineering, and all professions work cooperatively, thereby reducing the production cost of the engineering and ensuring the completion of the engineering according to quality on time.
COBie (construction operation building information exchange) is an international information exchange standard related to building asset management, defines a complete set of delivery standards of a building in each stage of design, construction and operation maintenance, aims at collecting and arranging information required by the facility management when the building planning, design and construction stages can consider future completion delivery operation units, and is valued and adopted by all countries of the world.
BIM model is generally finer, the volume is big, the component is many, has the model loading speed slow, render inefficiency, experience poor and system memory easily collapse scheduling problem in the visualization and information management process to can't satisfy practical application's demand, consequently, need carry out lightweight processing to BIM model data. Lightweight has been a concept well known in the BIM industry, and although not defined by any strict academic or theoretical definition to date, this concept has become almost the standard of the industry.
The light weight discussed in the present invention refers to data compression of three-dimensional geometric data and process attribute information in a BIM model, and does not involve other non-three-dimensional geometric data and process attribute information including texture pictures, texture information, two-dimensional graphics information, and additional information specific to software. The BIM three-dimensional geometric information refers to a three-dimensional triangle mesh (triangularly mesh) or a three-dimensional line mesh (polyline mesh). Each mesh consists of a vertex array and an index array, wherein each vertex in the vertex array necessarily comprises a position, namely a vertex coordinate, possibly comprising a texture coordinate, a vertex color and the like; the index array is an array of unsigned int 16, and the number of elements is 3×triangle number or 2×line segment number.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the BIM model light-weight method, which lightens the BIM model from three aspects of model attribute elimination, geometric figure simplification and model parameterization, improves the loading efficiency and the display effect of the BIM model, and avoids the problems of low model loading speed, low rendering efficiency, poor experience, system memory collapse and the like in the visualization and information management processes, thereby meeting the requirements of practical application.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the BIM model light weight method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Combining all attribute items defined in the COBie standard to design an IFC data structure of BIM process information;
2) Adding stage identification attribute items;
3) Designing a BIM process information database;
4) Removing process information irrelevant to the application in the database according to BIM application purposes;
5) Simplifying the geometric shape of the BIM model;
6) Parameterized expression of BIM;
7) And hooking the BIM process information, the geometric information, the topology information, the appearance attribute information and the simplified BIM geometric model after the irrelevant information is removed, so as to obtain light BIM data.
Preferably, in the steps 1), 2) and 3), the process information attribute items defined in each stage in the COBie are firstly referred to and perfected and supplemented, and are converted into the IFC format file; then designing a BIM process information database table structure, including planning, designing, constructing, transporting and retireing stages, and adding stage identification attribute items; and finally, based on the defined database, warehousing BIM process information.
Preferably, in the step 4), according to the application purpose and the application stage of the BIM model and the stage identifier of the BIM attribute information, the attribute information not belonging to the corresponding application stage is removed, so as to reduce the data amount of the BIM attribute information.
Preferably, in the step 5), the triangle surface patch and the boundary of the geometric data of the BIM model are simplified rapidly by using a three-point method and a surface projection merging method, and the triangle surface and other polygonal surfaces are simplified in a distinguishing way by combining the triangle surface patch merging method, so that the problem that the original geometric figure characteristics cannot be maintained after the BIM model is simplified, and the broken surface exists is avoided; v firstly, using a data export function of BIM software to export BIM model data into IFC format data, and obtaining material information and surface geometry data of the BIM model; judging whether the polygon is formed by triangular faces or not according to the number of vertexes of the polygon in the geometric data of the BIM model, merging and simplifying triangular faces of the polygon formed by the triangular faces, carrying out borderline simplification on the merged polygon by adopting a three-point method, and carrying out borderline simplification on the polygon which is not formed by the triangular faces; and finally, according to the acquired material information, endowing the simplified model with corresponding material properties.
Preferably, in the step 6), the original geometric information of the design model is analyzed, namely, the point cloud of the model is rotated by different angles and projected to a fixed plane to form silhouettes with different visual angles; and carrying out feature recognition and matching on the BIM model geometric shape according to the defined geometric model silhouette database, and carrying out parameterized description expression on the BIM model geometric shape through parameterization if the matching is successful.
Preferably, the method further comprises: the process attribute information is connected with the BIM model in a hanging mode in a correlation mode; carrying out association hanging on geometric information and topology information of the BIM model and the BIM model; the appearance attribute of the BIM model is connected with the BIM model in a hanging mode in a correlation mode; by hooking the attribute information with the model object, the model-to-attribute and attribute-to-model bidirectional query is realized.
The beneficial effects obtained by the invention are as follows:
1. the BIM model is light, three aspects of model attribute, geometric shape and parameterization are considered, and loading efficiency and display effect of the BIM model are comprehensively and effectively improved, so that the requirements of practical application are met;
2. the BIM model light weight effect can be optimized through the staged identification and management of the BIM model attribute, and the analysis and the mining of BIM data are further assisted;
3. the BIM model light weight method fully utilizes the prior art and the method, has high speed and strong universality, and is worthy of application and popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the overall design of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of attribute information of each stage of BIM model according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified flow chart of BIM model geometry reduction in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of BIM model geometric feature recognition and matching in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in FIG. 1, the BIM model light weight method comprises three modules, namely BIM model attribute information elimination based on application purposes, BIM model geometric shape reduction based on triangular patch combination and boundary line reduction, and BIM model parameterization expression based on geometric shape feature recognition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: combining all attribute items defined in the COBie standard, and designing an IFC data structure of BIM process information;
step 2: adding stage identification (planning, designing, building, operating and retirement) attribute items;
step 3: designing a BIM process information database;
step 4: removing process information irrelevant to the application in the database according to BIM application purposes;
step 5: geometric shape simplification of the BIM model;
step 6: parameterized expression of the BIM model;
step 7: and hooking BIM process information, geometric information, topology information, appearance attribute information and simplified BIM geometric model after irrelevant information is removed, so as to obtain light BIM data.
Referring to process information attribute items defined by each stage in COBie, such as personnel, space, time planning and the like in a planning stage, the personnel, space, time, facility, equipment data and the like in a construction stage are built based on personnel, space, time, facility list and the like in a planning result, personnel, equipment test, serial numbers, installation dates, operation and maintenance manuals and the like in an operation and maintenance stage after construction and construction delivery, and equipment installation dates, service years, maintenance records and the like in an engineering retirement stage are converted into IFC format files; according to the formulated BIM attribute information table of each stage, designing a BIM process information database table structure, and adding stage identification attribute items; and finally, based on the defined database, warehousing BIM process information.
As shown in fig. 3, using a data export function of the BIM software, exporting BIM model data into IFC format data, and obtaining material information and surface geometry data of the BIM model; judging whether the polygon is formed by triangular faces or not according to the number of vertexes of the polygon in the geometric data of the BIM model, merging and simplifying triangular faces of the polygon formed by the triangular faces, carrying out borderline simplification on the merged polygon by adopting a three-point method, and carrying out borderline simplification on the polygon which is not formed by the triangular faces; and finally, according to the acquired material information, endowing the simplified model with corresponding material properties.
As shown in fig. 4, the specific implementation flow of the geometric feature recognition and matching of the BIM model of the present invention is as follows: firstly, analyzing original geometric information of a design model, namely rotating a model point cloud by different angles, and projecting the model point cloud to a fixed plane to form silhouettes with different visual angles; and carrying out feature recognition and matching on the BIM model geometric shape according to the defined geometric model silhouette database, and carrying out parameterized description expression on the BIM model geometric shape through parameterization if the matching is successful.
The specific implementation process of BIM model parameterization of the invention is that BIM model point cloud data of a barrel is firstly obtained, fixed angle projection is carried out, and silhouettes with different visual angles are obtained; and then matching with a silhouette database, wherein the successfully matched geometric body is a cylinder, and parameterizing the barrel model by using a cylinder parameter expression method.
According to the BIM model, three aspects of model attribute, geometric shape and parameterization are considered, the geometric shape is simplified and parameterized, so that the number of triangular patches and vertexes of the BIM model is greatly reduced, irrelevant BIM attribute information is removed according to the application purpose and application stage of BIM through staged identification and management of the BIM model attribute, the light weight effect is further optimized, and the utilization efficiency of BIM data is improved.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main structural features of the present invention. The present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (1)
1. The BIM model light weight method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Combining all attribute items defined in the COBie standard to design an IFC data structure of BIM process information; firstly, converting process information attribute items defined in each stage in the COBie into IFC format files by referencing and perfecting and supplementing the process information attribute items;
2) Adding stage identification attribute items; designing a BIM process information database table structure, including planning, designing, constructing, transporting and retireing stages, and adding stage identification attribute items;
3) Designing a BIM process information database; based on a defined database, warehousing BIM process information;
4) Removing process information irrelevant to the application in the database according to BIM application purposes; removing attribute information which does not belong to the corresponding application stage according to the application purpose and the application stage of the BIM model and the stage identification of BIM attribute information, and reducing the data quantity of the BIM attribute information;
5) Simplifying the geometric shape of the BIM model; the triangle surface patch and the boundary of the geometric data of the BIM model are simplified rapidly by utilizing a three-point method and a plane projection merging method, and the triangle surface and other polygonal surfaces are simplified in a distinguishing way by combining the triangle surface patch merging method, so that the problem that the original geometric figure characteristics cannot be maintained after the BIM model is simplified, and the broken surface exists is avoided; firstly, using a data export function of BIM software to export BIM model data into IFC format data, and acquiring material information and surface geometry data of the BIM model; judging whether the polygon is formed by triangular faces or not according to the number of vertexes of the polygon in the geometric data of the BIM model, merging and simplifying triangular faces of the polygon formed by the triangular faces, carrying out borderline simplification on the merged polygon by adopting a three-point method, and carrying out borderline simplification on the polygon which is not formed by the triangular faces; finally, according to the acquired material information, corresponding material properties are endowed to the simplified model;
6) Parameterized expression of BIM; firstly, analyzing original geometric information of a design model, namely rotating point clouds of the model by different angles, and projecting the point clouds to a fixed plane to form silhouettes with different visual angles; according to the defined geometric model silhouette database, carrying out feature recognition and matching on the geometric shape of the BIM, and if the matching is successful, carrying out parameterized description expression on the geometric shape of the BIM through parameterization;
7) Hanging BIM process information, geometric information, topology information, appearance attribute information and simplified BIM geometric model after irrelevant information is removed to obtain light BIM data;
8) The process attribute information is connected with the BIM in a hanging mode in a correlation mode; carrying out association hanging on geometric information and topology information of the BIM model and the BIM model; the appearance attribute of the BIM model is connected with the BIM model in a hanging mode in a correlation mode; by hooking the attribute information with the model object, the model-to-attribute and attribute-to-model bidirectional query is realized.
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| CN113158288B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-04-12 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Information model geometric lightweight method based on component reuse and reassembly |
| CN113140037B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-11-18 | 天讯方舟(北京)信息科技有限公司 | Building information model lightweight and three-dimensional scene visualization system |
| CN113658327A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-16 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Method and device for lightening coal mine three-dimensional model data |
| CN114442874A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-05-06 | 北京电子工程总体研究所 | Element display method, element display assembly and computer readable storage medium |
| CN116186819B (en) * | 2022-08-20 | 2024-03-12 | 苏州智在云数据科技有限公司 | BIM model lightweight processing method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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| CN107622355B (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2021-07-06 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Digital management system and method for project group construction process |
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| CN110675508B (en) * | 2019-09-10 | 2023-04-25 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | BIM model geometric figure simplifying method |
| CN111382529B (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2024-01-23 | 上海核工程研究设计院股份有限公司 | Method for converting support model support hanger design model into analysis model |
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