CN114170377A - BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method and system - Google Patents
BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method and system, and belongs to the field of historical building maintenance. Firstly, point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of a historical building and point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building are obtained, and an overall point cloud model of the historical building and a single point cloud model of each characteristic component are respectively generated; then, model fusion is carried out to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model; and finally, converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model, and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library. Therefore, the method can effectively solve the problems of information digitization and information interaction of the model, and is beneficial to the maintenance and repair work of historical buildings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of historical building maintenance, and particularly relates to a BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method and system.
Background
The building Information modeling is defined by the international standards organization facility Information committee as a computable or computable representation of the physical and functional characteristics of the facility and its related project lifecycle Information under open industry standards, and all Information related to the building Information model is organized in a continuous application and allowed to be acquired, modified, etc. At present, most of the researches on the protection field of the historical buildings in China are concentrated on the aspects of three-dimensional modeling, point cloud data processing, virtual reality and the like, the problems of three-dimensional model loss of the historical buildings are solved through the researches, but the problems of information digitization and information interaction of the models are not solved, and great troubles are caused to the protection and repair work of the historical buildings.
The Chinese invention patent CN 112948953A discloses a plant family library landscape model building method based on LIM technology, and plant databases of different types of plants are built in a revit platform according to the method; processing data to obtain a plant model; setting corresponding plant layout items in a three-dimensional model based on a real scene; correspondingly setting the plant model into a plant layout project and outputting a CAD model; and (5) naming and classifying the CAD model and uploading the CAD model to a landscape library. The method effectively improves the efficiency of landscape garden construction, but the information stored by the CAD model is limited, and the method is not suitable for the information storage of the characteristic components of the historical buildings.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method and system, so that the digital storage record of the historical building characteristic components can be effectively carried out, and the construction and the maintenance work of the components can be scientifically guided.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a BIM-based historical architecture feature component family library construction method, including:
s1, point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building are obtained, and an overall point cloud model of the historical building is generated; acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component;
s2, fusing the integral point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model;
and S3, converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model, and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library.
Further, still include:
s4, point cloud data of a plurality of components in the reference building and corresponding BIM models are obtained, the point cloud data are used as features, the corresponding BIM models are used as labels, and component prediction models are obtained based on machine learning training; predicting a BIM model of each of the feature components using the component prediction model; correspondingly combining the BIM model of each characteristic component under the same code in the historical building characteristic component family library to form a new family library; the reference building is associated with the historical building.
Further, in S1, point cloud data reflecting the entire structure of the historic building and point cloud data reflecting each distinctive feature in the historic building are obtained by a laser scanner.
Further, in S1, after point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building and point cloud data reflecting each distinctive feature in the historical building are obtained, noise removal, point cloud thinning, and point cloud smooth supplementation are performed on the point cloud data, and then an overall point cloud model of the historical building and a single point cloud model of each distinctive feature are respectively generated based on the processed point cloud data.
Further, in the step S2, the process of fusing the entire point cloud model and each single point cloud model includes a mapping process.
Further, in S3, importing the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a revit platform, and converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model; and after the BIM model is corrected, different types of components are coded.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a BIM-based historical architectural feature family library construction system, including:
the model generation module is used for acquiring point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building and generating an overall point cloud model of the historical building; acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component;
the model fusion module is used for fusing the integral point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model;
and the first family library construction module is used for converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library.
Further, still include:
the second family library construction module is used for acquiring point cloud data of a plurality of members in a reference building and corresponding BIM models, taking the point cloud data as characteristics and the corresponding BIM models as labels, and obtaining member prediction models based on machine learning training; predicting a BIM model of each of the feature components using the component prediction model; correspondingly combining the BIM model of each characteristic component under the same code in the historical building characteristic component family library to form a new family library; the reference building is associated with the historical building.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) firstly, point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of a historical building and point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building are obtained, and an overall point cloud model of the historical building and a single point cloud model of each characteristic component are respectively generated; then, model fusion is carried out to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model; and finally, converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model, and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library. Therefore, the method can effectively solve the problems of information digitization and information interaction of the model, and is beneficial to the maintenance and repair work of historical buildings.
(2) The invention records the historical building characteristic components in a family library mode and has the following advantages: in the initial evaluation and mapping stage, a precise informatization model is established, and a foundation can be established for the works of later-stage historical building modification design knock, construction contrast and the like; for a damaged component which needs to be seriously dismantled and replaced, the construction can be coded, and accurate coordinate marking is carried out in an information model so as to ensure the position accuracy of the component after replacement or repair; in the modification design stage, the lost component can be subjected to contemporary comparison design by virtue of visual design, and accurately restored; in the design process, the component drawing can be directly derived by using the accuracy of the component model, and the component model can be seamlessly connected to the whole building, so that the component model is convenient to modify for many times in the pushing process; in the aspect of model interactivity, a standardized BIM model can be utilized to perform seamless data connection with other related software, so that information loss is avoided; in the field construction stage, the library model is used for carrying out field comparison, so that problems can be found visually, and reference is given to the complex parts of the components.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a BIM-based method for constructing a family of historical architectural feature components according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a BIM-based historical architectural feature family library construction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like (if any) in the description and the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
In the present invention, the distinctive member is a member reflecting the culture and age of the historic building.
In the present invention, the point cloud data includes color information (RGB) or reflection intensity information in addition to the geometric position. The color information is typically obtained by capturing a color image with a camera and then assigning color information (RGB) of pixels at corresponding locations to corresponding points in the point cloud. The intensity information is obtained by the echo intensity collected by the receiving device of the laser scanner, and the intensity information is related to the surface material, roughness and incident angle direction of the target, and the emission energy and laser wavelength of the instrument.
Referring to fig. 1, a construction method of the BIM-based historical architectural feature family library according to the present embodiment will be described in detail, and the construction method includes operations S1-S3.
Operation S1, acquiring point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building, and generating an overall point cloud model of the historical building; and acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component.
In a historical building needing repair, protection and digital storage, a vertical laser scanner is erected for continuous laser scanning from inside to outside to obtain point cloud data covering the appearance and the interior room details of the historical building, and meanwhile, the specific three-dimensional coordinates of characteristic components in the historical building are determined, so that the later dual-model merging and parametric analysis are facilitated.
And screening the characteristic components in the historical building, carrying out shooting stub confirmation, and after the confirmation, carrying out independent laser scanning on each characteristic component by using a handheld laser scanner to obtain point cloud data of a plurality of characteristic components.
After point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building and point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building are obtained, noise point removal, point cloud rarefaction and point cloud smooth supplement processing are carried out on the point cloud data, and then an overall point cloud model of the historical building and a single point cloud model of each characteristic component are respectively generated based on the processed point cloud data.
And operation S2, fusing the integral point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model.
In this embodiment, the process of fusing the entire point cloud model and each single point cloud model includes mapping.
In operation S3, the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model is converted into a corresponding BIM model, and different kinds of components are encoded to form a historical building feature component family library.
There are many platforms for converting a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model, and the BIM mainstream modeling software includes Bentley, Archicad, CATIA, Xsteel and Revit. Bentley is mainly used in the field of infrastructures such as petroleum, electric power and bridges, and the application range is limited; archicad lacks market strategies and technical updates and does not have a certain market; the CATIA mainly aims at modeling in the design and manufacturing field of large machinery such as aerospace, automobiles and the like, and the function is still in the research and development stage; the Xsteel is mainly used for the simulation of a steel structure, the design of detailed drawings of parts and the like, and the application range is limited; revit's architectural design software divides the components by family, greatly improves the efficiency of modeling, and supports modeling and parameterization of free shapes. Therefore, by comparing the functions of the five modeling software, the Revit series software is the best choice, so the Revit Architecture is selected as a creation platform of a parameterized information model.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model is imported into a revit platform and converted into a corresponding BIM model; and after the BIM model is corrected, different types of components are coded.
Furthermore, the design drawing of the historical building or the historical building information stored before is dug deeply, the designer style of the historical building is investigated transversely, and the defective characteristic components can be further improved. Specifically, the method further comprises:
s4, point cloud data of a plurality of components in the reference building and corresponding BIM models are obtained, the point cloud data are used as features, the corresponding BIM models are used as labels, and component prediction models are obtained based on machine learning training; predicting a BIM model of each characteristic component by utilizing a component prediction model; correspondingly combining the BIM model of each characteristic component under the same code in the historical building characteristic component family library to form a new family library; the reference building and the historical building have an association relationship.
It should be noted that the historical architectural feature component family library provided by the invention comprises a geometric model of the component and an attribute model of the component. The attribute model of the component is different from the traditional family library, contains richer attribute information, and is rich in the architectural attribute, the human artistic attribute and the preservation and repair attribute of the component. The architectural attributes comprise component materials, component structures and component processes, the component materials comprise information such as material types, material prices, material service lives, leeching resistance, corrosion resistance and material consumption, the structure of the component comprises dimension information of length, width and height and detail dimensions of the component and physical and mechanical properties such as shear strength, elastic modulus, compressive strength and Poisson ratio, and the component processes comprise information such as carving instructions, style fields and practice instructions of the component; the humanistic artistic attributes comprise decorative subject matters, humanistic characteristics and artistic expression techniques, for example, the traditional residential building components in the south of the Yangtze river and the traditional Chinese painting draw the wonderful of different works, specifically, the pattern ornamentation creation of the components usually takes the painting of the Chinese as a template, and partial landscape and humanistic patterns are intercepted to be carved in virtuality and reality; the attributes of the restoration include completeness and disease degree, restoration information of the past and suitability for reuse. The geometric model is rich in not only the current state model of the member but also the past three-dimensional model and the map information of the member.
In addition, after the historical building characteristic component family library is constructed, the characteristic components in the established historical building characteristic component family library can be parameterized by using parameterization software, and parameterization requirements include but are not limited to component size information integration, component material information integration, component disease analysis, and comparison analysis of a historical model and a current model, so that the parameterized characteristic components are used as an analysis platform of the historical building characteristic framework, a basis is provided for subsequent repair and protection, and a basis is provided for subsequent historical building component generative design. The parameterization step includes, but is not limited to:
1. and selecting a construction platform of the characteristic component of the parametric information model. The selection of BIM-based parameterized modeling platforms is the basis for implementing feature component parameterization. The modeling software of BIM mainstream is Bentley, ArchicaD, CATIA, Xsteel, Revit. The embodiment selects Revit Architecture as the creation platform of the parameterized information model.
2. And selecting a reference plane. The historical building characteristic component is different from a common component, has a more complex and fine detail structure, is not limited to positioning of length, width and height, so that a reasonable reference plane is selected to determine a creation working surface of a geometric model, and the detail structure can be accurately positioned by switching the reference planes.
3. Setting a parameter value. Determining required parameters according to the types, names, structures and the like of the components, determining the weight of each parameter according to the influence degree of each parameter on the model, obtaining a main parameter and an attached parameter according to the weight, and establishing a function constraint relation among different parameters, so that the modification of the main parameter drives the change of the attached parameter.
And parameterized characteristic component information models are integrated into a historical building characteristic component family library, so that functions of quantization, extraction, calling, modification, performance query detection and the like of a single component can be realized.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a BIM-based historical architectural feature family library construction system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 2, the BIM-based historical building feature family building system 200 includes a model generation module 210, a model fusion module 220, and a first family library building module 230.
The model generating module 210, for example, performs operation S1 to obtain point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building, and generate an overall point cloud model of the historical building; and acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component.
The model fusion module 220 performs, for example, operation S2 to fuse the entire point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model.
The first family library building module 230 performs, for example, operation S3 for converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model and encoding different kinds of components to form a historical building feature component family library.
In this embodiment, please refer to the description of the method embodiments above for the specific implementation of each module, which will not be repeated here.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A BIM-based historical building characteristic component family library construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building are obtained, and an overall point cloud model of the historical building is generated; acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component;
s2, fusing the integral point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model;
and S3, converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model, and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library.
2. The BIM-based historical building feature family library construction method according to claim 1, further comprising:
s4, point cloud data of a plurality of components in the reference building and corresponding BIM models are obtained, the point cloud data are used as features, the corresponding BIM models are used as labels, and component prediction models are obtained based on machine learning training; predicting a BIM model of each of the feature components using the component prediction model; correspondingly combining the BIM model of each characteristic component under the same code in the historical building characteristic component family library to form a new family library; the reference building is associated with the historical building.
3. The BIM-based historical building feature component family building method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S1, point cloud data reflecting the whole structure of the historical building and point cloud data reflecting each feature component in the historical building are obtained through a laser scanner.
4. The BIM-based historical building feature component library construction method according to claim 3, wherein in the step S1, after point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building and point cloud data reflecting each feature component in the historical building are obtained, noise point removal, point cloud rarefaction and point cloud smoothing supplement processing are performed on the point cloud data, and then an overall point cloud model of the historical building and a single point cloud model of each feature component are respectively generated based on the processed point cloud data.
5. The BIM-based historical architectural feature component family building method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S2, the process of fusing the whole point cloud model and each single point cloud model comprises a mapping process.
6. The BIM-based historical building feature component family building method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S3, the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model is imported into a revit platform and converted into a corresponding BIM model; and after the BIM model is corrected, different types of components are coded.
7. A BIM-based historical architectural feature family library construction system, comprising:
the model generation module is used for acquiring point cloud data reflecting the overall structure of the historical building and generating an overall point cloud model of the historical building; acquiring point cloud data reflecting each characteristic component in the historical building, and generating a single point cloud model of each characteristic component;
the model fusion module is used for fusing the integral point cloud model and each single point cloud model to obtain a three-dimensional historical building point cloud model;
and the first family library construction module is used for converting the three-dimensional historical building point cloud model into a corresponding BIM model and coding different types of components to form a historical building characteristic component family library.
8. The BIM-based historical building feature family building system of claim 7, further comprising:
the second family library construction module is used for acquiring point cloud data of a plurality of members in a reference building and corresponding BIM models, taking the point cloud data as characteristics and the corresponding BIM models as labels, and obtaining member prediction models based on machine learning training; predicting a BIM model of each of the feature components using the component prediction model; correspondingly combining the BIM model of each characteristic component under the same code in the historical building characteristic component family library to form a new family library; the reference building is associated with the historical building.
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| CN114357596A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-04-15 | 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 | BIM component resource rapid design method and system |
| CN114357596B (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-06-10 | 中国建筑西南设计研究院有限公司 | BIM component resource rapid design method and system |
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