CN111999914A - Method and device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control - Google Patents
Method and device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/035—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect in an optical waveguide structure
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control. The method regulates and controls the phase by changing the optical path, regulates and controls the amplitude by light field interference, regulates and controls polarization by overlapping orthogonal polarization light fields, and realizes full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control of one-dimensional time and three-dimensional space by utilizing photonic integration. The device comprises a light source, a light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module and a light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module, wherein the one-dimensional time regulation and control module consists of a phase shifter and an amplitude controller or a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the three-dimensional space regulation and control module consists of NxN array units, each unit consists of a beam splitter, a phase shifter, an amplitude controller and an orthogonal polarization beam combiner to regulate and control local amplitude, phase and polarization, and the NxN array units are controlled to realize three-dimensional space amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control. The invention can simultaneously, randomly and independently regulate and control multiple dimensions of an optical field, has small size, quick response and expandability, and can be used for generating various complex optical fields and supporting communication and non-communication applications by high-speed reconfiguration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of light field regulation and control, and particularly relates to a method and a device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control.
Background
Light waves are a ubiquitous component of electromagnetic waves, and are used widely in addition to meeting the most basic energy requirements. It is worth noting that almost all applications related to light are resource expansion around the fundamental dimensions of light waves. The fundamental dimensional resources of light waves include amplitude, phase, polarization, time, frequency/wavelength, and spatial distribution. In addition to the well-known dimensional resources of amplitude, phase, polarization, time, frequency/wavelength, etc., the spatial distribution of the optical field as an optical wave has received much attention in recent years. The complete light field spatial distribution includes spatial amplitude, spatial phase and spatial polarization, and different light field spatial distributions may exhibit different modes, such as a Linear Polarization (LP) mode, a vector mode, an orbital angular momentum mode, and the like.
The application of the light waves is based on the regulation and control of basic dimension resources of the light field. The regulation of the three-dimensional space of an optical field has been applied in a number of fields. For example, manipulation of the three-dimensional spatial polarization of the optical field can produce a focused spot much smaller than normal, which can be used for super-resolution optical imaging: such as confocal microscopy, second harmonic microscopy, third harmonic microscopy, dark field imaging, and the like. A beam with a radial or angular polarization distribution in three dimensions can be used to achieve the capture of the tiny particles. The light beam with cylindrical polarization in three-dimensional space can be used for realizing laser processing due to the characteristics of flat-top focusing, longer focusing depth and the like. In addition, the photons of the light wave having a circularly polarized state contain a Spin Angular Momentum (SAM) having a magnitude
(
To reduce planck's constant), the photons of a light wave having a three-dimensional helical phase structure contain Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of a magnitude of
(l is the number of topological charges). When the propagation direction of these light waves with spin angular momentum or orbital angular momentum is changed by the object or the lightWhen the wave is absorbed by the object, momentum conversion occurs between the light wave and the object. When a light beam with SAM (i.e. circularly polarized light) converges on particles in a fluid, the particles will also get SAM and have a self-rotation effect under the action of light, and when a light beam with OAM (vortex light) converges on particles on a fluid, the particles will also get OAM and rotate along a specific orbit under the action of light, similar to the rotation of a planet around a star. Therefore, the light wave with circular polarization or three-dimensional spiral phase structure can be applied to various fields of particle manipulation, such as optical trapping, optical tweezers, optical wrenches, optical knotting and the like. Meanwhile, the light field regulation and control is also applied to quantum information processing and optical communication.
In the field of optical communication research, the regulation and control of one-dimensional time complex amplitude (amplitude and phase) of optical waves are mainly embodied in that various modulation formats are loaded on optical carriers, such as binary on-off keying (OOK), multilevel phase shift keying (m-PSK), multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM) and the like; the control of light wave polarization, time, frequency/wavelength is embodied in the multiplexing optical communication technology based on these dimensional resources, such as polarization multiplexing (PDM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), etc.; the regulation and control of three-dimensional space amplitude, phase and polarization are mainly applied to Space Division Multiplexing (SDM) and Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM). In recent years, optical communication (free space, optical fiber, underwater, etc.) based on orbital angular momentum mode (vortex optical field), vector optical field, and structure optical field has received increasing attention.
It is worth noting that, although the phase type or amplitude type liquid crystal spatial light modulator commonly used for light field regulation at present is convenient to use, the size is large, and usually only one dimension of a light field is regulated, the limitation is that a single device is difficult to realize arbitrary independent regulation of spatial amplitude, phase and polarization, and meanwhile, the regulation rate of the existing spatial light modulator is very low. In recent years, phased arrays based on photonic integration platforms have been studied more, but also focus only on the phase dimension of the optical field. Obviously, the modulation of a single dimension or some several dimensions is far from sufficient for the generation and application of complex structured light fields.
The future light field regulation and control technology mainly has the following development trends: miniaturization and integration of an optical device; regulating and controlling three-dimensional spatial amplitude, phase and polarization of the light field simultaneously; and thirdly, the response speed of the light field regulation is higher. Particularly, in the field of optical communication applications, in order to meet the demand for information capacity in the big data era and realize high-speed large-capacity optical communication and optical interconnection, the important development trend of optical field regulation is as follows: firstly, regulating and loading data information with higher speed by using one-dimensional time light field amplitude and phase; regulating and controlling three-dimensional space amplitude, phase and polarization to generate any full vector light field, so that the mode division multiplexing of multiple light fields in different modes can be flexibly selected; regulating and controlling a high-speed light field; and fourthly, the miniaturization and integration of the light field regulation and control device. In view of this, it is very important to study the full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation based on the photon integration technology.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for integrated full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation, which aims to break through the limitation that the existing light field regulation scheme is mostly only suitable for the regulation of a single physical dimension of a light field, and aims to realize integrated, high-speed, arbitrary and independent regulation and control on the full-dimensional degree of a three-dimensional space (amplitude, phase and polarization) and one-dimensional time (amplitude and phase) of the light field.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a method for integrating full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation is provided, the method combines regulation of one-dimensional time and regulation of three-dimensional space of an optical field by using a photon integration method, the optical field is firstly subjected to regulation of amplitude and phase in one-dimensional time dimension and then to regulation of amplitude, phase and polarization in three-dimensional space dimension, thereby realizing full-vector high-speed optical field regulation in full dimension (one-dimensional time + three-dimensional space), wherein the amplitude and phase in one-dimensional time dimension and the amplitude, phase and polarization in three-dimensional space dimension can be simultaneously and independently regulated and controlled.
Furthermore, the photon integration method realizes full-vector high-speed light field regulation and control of full dimensions (one-dimensional time + three-dimensional space) by utilizing a micro-nano-sized photon integration device, and provides a compact, high-speed and stable integration solution for the full-dimensional light field regulation and control.
Furthermore, the high-speed optical field regulation is realized through regulation mechanisms such as thermo-optical or electro-optical of the photonic integrated device.
Furthermore, the phase is adjusted by changing the optical path, namely, the optical path difference causes phase shift; the amplitude regulation and control are realized by a coherent light field interference principle, namely when two paths of coherent light fields (with the same frequency and the same polarization) interfere, the relative phase shift between the two paths of coherent light fields can cause the amplitude change of the interference field, when the relative phase shift is 0, the interference is constructive, the amplitude is maximum, when the relative phase shift is pi, the interference is destructive, and the amplitude is 0; the regulation and control of the polarization physical parameters are realized by an orthogonal polarization light field superposition principle, namely when two paths of orthogonal polarization light fields (with the same frequency) are superposed, all polarization state light fields can be synthesized according to the difference of the relative amplitude and the relative phase shift of the two paths of light fields, and all points on a polarization state Poincare sphere can be traversed.
Furthermore, the phase control in the one-dimensional time dimension can be realized by changing the refractive index of the waveguide or the over-coupling micro-ring through a phase shifter such as thermo-optic or electro-optic, the amplitude control in the one-dimensional time dimension can be realized through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a critical coupling micro-ring or an adjustable optical attenuator such as an electric absorption effect or an integrated optical amplifier, and the simultaneous control (complex amplitude control) of the amplitude and the phase in the one-dimensional time dimension can be realized through cascaded amplitude control and phase control or nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the like; the amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control in the three-dimensional space dimension can be realized by N multiplied by N array units, each array unit provides local space amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control, the phase regulation and control can be realized by changing the refractive index of the waveguide or an over-coupled micro-ring and the like through a phase shifter such as thermal light or electro-optic and the like, the amplitude regulation and control can be realized through a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a critical coupled micro-ring or an adjustable optical attenuator such as an electric absorption effect or an integrated optical amplifier, the polarization regulation and control can be realized through orthogonal polarization beam combiners such as a two-dimensional grating or a metamaterial or a super surface or a surface structure and the like in combination with the phase and amplitude regulation and control, and the local spatial amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control couple the waveguide mode optical field of the photonic integrated device into a free space through introducing wave vector mismatch through the grating or the.
The invention provides a device for integrated full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation, which is characterized by comprising a light source, a light field one-dimensional time regulation module and a light field three-dimensional space regulation module, wherein the light source, the light field one-dimensional time regulation module and the light field three-dimensional space regulation module are sequentially connected. The light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module firstly regulates and controls the amplitude and the phase of a light field generated by the light source in a one-dimensional time dimension, and the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module regulates and controls the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the light field in a three-dimensional space dimension, so that the full-dimensional (one-dimensional time + three-dimensional space) high-speed light field regulation and control is realized, wherein the amplitude and the phase in the one-dimensional time dimension and the amplitude, the phase and the polarization in the three-dimensional space dimension can be simultaneously and independently regulated.
Furthermore, the optical field one-dimensional time regulation and control module is composed of a phase shifter and an amplitude controller which are cascaded or a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the optical field three-dimensional space regulation and control module is divided into N branches along a bus in an equal power mode, each branch is divided into N units along a line in an equal power mode, the optical field three-dimensional space regulation and control module is composed of NxN array units (N is larger than or equal to 2), each array unit is composed of a first phase shifter, a beam splitter, 2 amplitude controllers, a second phase shifter and an orthogonal polarization beam combiner, the first phase shifter is connected with the beam splitter, the beam splitter divides light into two paths, the first path is connected with one amplitude controller and the second phase shifter, the second path is connected with the other amplitude controller, and then the two paths are combined through the orthogonal polarization beam combiner and coupled to free space output.
Furthermore, when the one-dimensional time regulation rate of the optical field is not particularly high (such as a rate of 10G or below), the influence of time delay among the array units is small due to the small overall size of the photonic integrated device; however, when the one-dimensional time modulation rate of the light field is high (for example, 40G or more), the delay between each array unit may cause a large effect, which may cause the time dimension of the full-dimensional light field modulation to be staggered and overlapped (the time of each array unit is not synchronous), and at this time, an optical delay line is added in each array unit to adjust that each array unit has the same delay to maintain time synchronization.
Furthermore, the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module has strong expansibility and variability, can be in a square array structure, and can also be designed with different array arrangement modes and array scale sizes according to different system requirements, including annular distribution and the like.
Still further, the phase shifter may be a waveguide type thermo-optic or electro-optic phase shifter or a micro-ring (over-coupled) phase shifter; the amplitude controller can be a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a micro-ring (critical coupling) or an adjustable optical attenuator such as an electric absorption effect and the like, and can also be an integrated optical amplifier capable of providing gain; the nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of a beam splitter, 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometers, a pi/2 phase shifter and a beam combiner, wherein the beam splitter divides light into two paths, the first path is connected with one Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the pi/2 phase shifter, the second path is connected with the other Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and then the two paths are combined and output through the beam combiner; the orthogonal polarization beam combiner can be an orthogonal polarization beam combiner such as a two-dimensional grating or metamaterial or super surface or surface structure.
Furthermore, the mach-zehnder interferometer is composed of a beam splitter, a phase shifter and a beam combiner, wherein the beam splitter divides light into two paths, one path is connected with the phase shifter, and the two paths are combined and output through the beam combiner; the micro-ring (over-coupling) phase shifter is formed by coupling a straight waveguide and a micro-ring, and the micro-ring works in an over-coupling state; the micro-ring (critical coupling) is formed by coupling a straight waveguide and the micro-ring, and the micro-ring works in an over-coupling state; the orthogonal polarization beam combiner may be assisted by a reflector such as a distributed bragg reflection grating to improve out-coupling efficiency.
Furthermore, the thermo-optic phase shifter can adopt a resistance type waveguide which is covered with a thermal resistance material at a distance above the waveguide or is doped by ion implantation in the waveguide to change the refractive index of the waveguide for thermo-optic phase shift tuning; the electro-optical phase shifter can adopt a carrier injection type (plasma dispersion effect) or a carrier depletion type or a linear electro-optical effect (Pockel effect) or a second-order electro-optical effect (Kerr effect) and the like according to different material systems, such as a carrier injection type (plasma dispersion effect) or a carrier depletion type of silicon and a linear electro-optical effect (Pockel effect) of lithium niobate and lithium niobate thin films. Compared with thermo-optic regulation, electro-optic regulation can realize higher-speed regulation.
Furthermore, the material system of the photonic integrated device of the device for integrating the full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control can be silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide (SiO)2) Indium phosphide (InP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), lithium niobate (LiNbO)3) The photonic integrated device comprises a material system used in the existing photonic integrated devices, such as a lithium niobate thin film, a Polymer (Polymer), surface plasma, a phase change material and a multi-material mixture (such as a silicon and indium phosphide, a silicon and lithium niobate thin film and the like).
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. most of the traditional light field regulation simply regulates single or few physical dimension resources of a light field. In contrast, the light field regulation and control method and the light field regulation and control device can simultaneously, randomly and independently regulate and control three-dimensional space (amplitude, phase and polarization) and one-dimensional time (amplitude and phase), namely can realize full-dimensional resource light field regulation and control.
2. The traditional liquid crystal spatial light modulator-based light field regulation and control size is large, and the response speed is low. In contrast, the optical field regulation and control method and device adopted by the invention have the advantages of high integration level, compact structure, small size, high response speed and high resolution, and can realize integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control.
3. The optical field regulation and control method and the device adopted by the invention adjust the phase by changing the optical path, adjust the amplitude by coherent optical field interference and adjust the polarization by orthogonal polarized optical field superposition, and the basic principle has the most common phase, amplitude and polarization regulation and control applicability, namely supporting the amplitude and phase regulation and control of one-dimensional time and realizing the amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control of three-dimensional space, which is not possessed by the traditional optical field regulation and control principle.
4. The light field regulation and control method and the light field regulation and control device realize the regulation and control of three-dimensional space amplitude, phase and polarization through the N multiplied by N array units, have expandability and variability, and the number of the array units and the arrangement form of the array can be flexibly changed and adjusted.
5. The method and the device for regulating the light field can be practically applied to regulating and controlling the amplitude and the phase of the light field in one-dimensional time and regulating and controlling the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the light field in three-dimensional space, particularly, the method and the device can be used for generating various structural light fields such as vortex light fields, vector light fields and the like and arrays thereof in a high-speed reconfigurable manner, and can be used for supporting the generation of various complex light fields and the wide application thereof in the fields of communication and non-communication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the phase dimension regulation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of amplitude dimension regulation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of polarization dimension regulation provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation device provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional time control module in the integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field control apparatus provided in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional space modulation module array unit in the integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field modulation apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of light output from an array unit in the integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field control device provided in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing experimental results of amplitude control of emergent light from the array unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 shows experimental results of phase adjustment of emergent light from the array unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(a) is a graph showing the experimental results of polarization control of the emergent light of the array unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(b) is a left-handed circular polarization control experiment result of the light emitted from the array unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10(c) is a graph showing the experimental results of the right-handed circular polarization control of the light emitted from the array unit according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 shows near-field light spots of a light field three-dimensional space modulation module composed of 4 × 4 array units according to an experimental test in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the experimental and simulated vortex optical field distribution with different polarizations in the far field in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 shows the distribution of the wide-1 st order vortex optical field of the far field x-polarization obtained experimentally in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 14 shows the experimentally obtained x-polarization +2 order vortex optical field distribution at the near field and far field in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 15 shows the local distribution of the far field x-polarization 2-order vortex optical field and the interference pattern obtained by the experiment in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 shows the experimentally obtained near-field and far-field radial polarization optical field distributions for an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a broad spectrum radial polarization light field distribution obtained from experiments and simulations in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 shows four vector polarized light field distributions experimentally obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a graph of four additional vector-polarized light field distributions experimentally obtained in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 shows the vector vortex rotation (-1 st order) distribution of radial polarization obtained from experiments and simulations, respectively, in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling an integrated full-dimensional high-speed light field, which has the following specific regulation and control principle: the method combines the regulation and control of the one-dimensional time of the light field and the regulation and control of the three-dimensional space of the light field by utilizing a photon integration method, the light field is firstly subjected to the regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase in the one-dimensional time dimension and then subjected to the regulation and control of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization in the three-dimensional space dimension, and then the full-vector high-speed light field regulation and control of the full dimension (one-dimensional time + three-dimensional space) is realized, wherein the amplitude and the phase in the one-dimensional time dimension and the amplitude, the phase and the polarization.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a schematic diagram of a phase dimension control principle, and the phase control is realized by changing a phase shift caused by an optical path difference.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a schematic diagram of the principle of amplitude dimension control, and coherent light field interference (same frequency and same polarization) is used to implement amplitude control, and when two paths of light fields are in the same phase (relative phase shift is 0), the interference is long; when the two optical fields are in opposite phase (the relative phase shift is pi), the interference is cancelled.
As shown in fig. 3, the invention provides a principle schematic diagram of polarization dimension regulation, and synthesizes any polarization state by two paths of orthogonal x and y linearly polarized light (with the same frequency), wherein the amplitudes and phases of the two paths of orthogonal x and y linearly polarized light can be independently controlled.
The invention provides a method for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation, which comprises the following specific implementation modes:
based on the regulation principle, an incident light field firstly passes through a one-dimensional time integrated regulation device, high-speed electric signals are loaded on light, so that the light field obtains high-speed regulation of amplitude and phase in one-dimensional time, and then the light field passes through a three-dimensional space integrated regulation device, so that the light field obtains regulation of amplitude, phase and polarization in three-dimensional space, and therefore integrated full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation is realized.
The invention provides a device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation, which is specifically explained as follows:
the device comprises a light source 1, a light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module 2 and a light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module 3 which are connected in sequence. The laser emitted by the light source 1 passes through the light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module 2 in the integrated optical waveguide to obtain the regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase in one-dimensional time dimension. Then, the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module 3 is composed of N × N (N is more than or equal to 2) array units (shown as 10 × 10 array units in fig. 4), and specifically, the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module is divided into N branches along a bus at equal power, and each branch is divided into N units along the line at equal power. Each array unit can independently regulate and control the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the spatial position of the array unit at will. Amplitude, phase and polarization of the optical field in three-dimensional space can be regulated and controlled by simultaneously regulating and controlling the NxN array units. And finally, transmitting the integrated full-dimensional high-speed regulated and controlled light field from the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module to a free space surface.
As shown in fig. 5, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for one-dimensional time control of an optical field.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling one-dimensional time of an optical field, which comprises the following specific implementation modes:
the optical field is divided into two paths with equal power, the two paths are provided with Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures, phase shift is introduced by performing thermo-optical or electro-optical modulation on one arm in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures, and therefore amplitude regulation and control on one-dimensional time are achieved; one path of the light field is also modulated by using thermal light or electro-optic light to introduce phase shift so as to keep the phase difference of two paths of light fields at 90 degrees, and the two paths of light fields are finally converged to one path, so that the light field can be simultaneously regulated and controlled at high speed in amplitude and phase in one-dimensional time.
The invention provides a light field one-dimensional time regulation and control device, which is specifically explained as follows:
after passing through the beam splitter, the laser light emitted from the light source 1 passes through the orthogonal path (Q path) mach-zehnder interferometer 21, the control element 22, the non-inverting path (I path) mach-zehnder interferometer 23, the control element 24, the Q path phase shifter 25, and is finally combined by the beam combiner. Firstly, an optical field in the waveguide is divided into two parts by a beam splitter, the output power ratio of a first output end and a second output end of the beam splitter is 1:1, wherein the first output end is connected with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer 23 and reaches an I path; the second output terminal is connected to the mach-zehnder interferometer 21 and reaches the Q-path. The optical field in the path I is regulated and controlled by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 23 and the regulating and controlling element 24 to obtain the amplitude regulation and control in one-dimensional time, the optical field in the path Q is regulated and controlled by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 21 and the regulating and controlling element 22 to obtain the amplitude regulation and control in one-dimensional time, the optical field in the path Q is regulated and controlled by the phase shifter 25 to enable the phase difference between the optical field in the path Q and the optical field in the path I to be 90 degrees, and finally the optical field in the path I and the optical field in the path Q are combined into one path through the beam combiner to obtain the simultaneous regulation and control of the amplitude and the phase in one.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for three-dimensional spatial control of an optical field.
The invention provides a method for regulating and controlling a three-dimensional space of a light field, which comprises the following specific implementation modes:
the optical field is equally divided into N × N array elements by the coupling structure. In each array unit, the optical field firstly utilizes waveguides with different lengths to carry out delay compensation so as to eliminate the influence of different optical path differences among the array units on the one-dimensional time regulation of the optical field. After light is transmitted to each unit, the phase of a total light field is regulated and controlled by using the thermo-optic or electro-optic effect of a waveguide, the light field is divided into two paths of x and y equally by equal power, the two paths of light fields use a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to regulate and control the amplitude of the respective light field, one path of light is additionally subjected to phase shift by using the thermo-optic or electro-optic effect of the waveguide, so that the phase difference between the two paths of light fields of x and y is regulated, finally the two paths of light fields are radiated into a free space through a two-dimensional grating structure, the polarization states of the two paths of light fields are kept orthogonal in the free space and are superposed and output, and the two paths of orthogonal polarized light with adjustable amplitude and phase are superposed to obtain any polarization state and amplitude, so that the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the light. By adjusting the N multiplied by N array units simultaneously, the regulation and control of the three-dimensional space amplitude, phase and polarization of the light field are realized.
The invention provides a device for realizing three-dimensional space regulation and control of a light field, which is specifically explained as follows:
the device comprises N multiplied by N array units, wherein each array unit comprises a coupler 31, a delayer 32, phase modulators 33 and 38, Mach- Zehnder interferometers 34 and 36, regulating elements 35 and 37, a distributed Bragg reflection grating 39 and a two-dimensional photonic crystal grating 40. The optical field after one-dimensional time regulation and control is evenly divided into each array unit through the coupler 31, the delayer 2 is used for carrying out delay compensation on the array units, the phase modulator 33 is used for carrying out total phase regulation and control on the array units, the optical field from the phase modulator 33 is averagely divided into two paths, wherein the optical field of one path is subjected to amplitude regulation and control on the optical field of the path through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 34 and the regulation and control element 35, the optical field of the other path is subjected to amplitude regulation and control on the optical field through the Mach-Zehnder interferometer 36 and the regulation and control element 37, the optical field of one path is also subjected to phase difference regulation and control on the two paths of optical fields through the phase modulator 38, then the two paths of optical fields are combined through the two-dimensional photonic crystal grating 40, the two paths of optical fields are coupled to a free space after being superposed in an orthogonal polarization state, and the distributed Bragg, the optical field coupled from the two-dimensional photonic crystal grating 40 into free space enables arbitrary and independent regulation of the amplitude, phase and polarization of the local spatial location in which it is located. Finally, the regulation and control of the light field three-dimensional space can be realized by simultaneously controlling the N multiplied by N array units.
Fig. 8 and 9 show experimental test results of the array unit integrated with the full-dimensional light field control device according to the present invention. The light field used in the experiment had a wavelength of 1550nm in vacuum, and 4 x 4 array elements were used in subsequent simulations. FIG. 8 is an amplitude modulation for an array unit, showing a periodic variation curve of the light intensity of the array unit with the voltage applied to the electrodes. With the increase of the electrode voltage, the transmission phase shift of the waveguide is changed due to the thermo-optic or electro-optic effect, the output intensity of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure is changed along with the change of the transmission phase shift, and the light emergent intensity is further influenced. When the waveguide transmission phase shift difference of the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure is pi, the emergent light intensity is 0, and the emergent light intensity of the x path and the emergent light intensity of the y path in the array unit can be respectively controlled by applying different voltages. Fig. 9 is a phase modulation test for array elements. The change in the transmission phase shift can cover the entire 2 pi with increasing voltage applied to the electrodes above the waveguide, so that by applying different voltages, the phase of the x-and y-paths can be controlled separately.
As shown in three of fig. 10(a), 10(b), and 10(c), array units are used to generate light with different polarization states. Fig. 10(a) shows the test results of the experiment for generating x-polarized, y-polarized, 45-degree linearly polarized light fields. When linearly polarized light is generated through the polarizing plate, the intensity is maximized at one rotation angle and minimized at another rotation angle different by 90 degrees. FIGS. 10(b) and 10(c) are the results of tests that experimentally generated left and right circularly polarized light fields, respectively. When circularly polarized light passes through the rotating single polarizing film, the transmission intensity is always kept uniform; when passing through the quarter-wave plate first, circular polarized light can be converted into linear polarized light, and thus when passing through the quarter-wave plate and the polarizer in sequence, the light intensity changes periodically. Fig. 8 to fig. 10 show that the device can successfully realize the regulation and control of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the three-dimensional space of the light field.
Fig. 11 shows the near-field light spot of the light field three-dimensional space modulation module composed of the experimentally tested 4 × 4 array units. By regulating and controlling the x path and the y path of each array unit, the full-dimensional control of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of an emergent light field can be realized, and the complex structured light field distribution can be further obtained in a far field.
Fig. 12 shows the vortex optical field distribution with different polarization in the far field obtained by experiments and simulations. The phase distribution of the spiral type is formed between the array units through independent control of the phase of the x-path and the y-path of each array unit. In the far field, the vortex rotation of the annular intensity distribution can be observed by the camera, wherein x-polarized is-1 order vortex light and y-polarized is +1 order vortex rotation. Spiral interference fringes and fork-shaped interference fringes can be obtained through coaxial interference and oblique interference respectively, the vortex light spiral interference fringes with positive and negative orders have different rotation directions, and the oblique interference fringes also have different directions.
FIG. 13 shows the distribution of the wide spectrum-1 st order vortex optical field of far field x polarization obtained by experiment. The working waveband of the grating of the array unit can cover 1530-1590 nm and is even wider, so that a wide-spectrum vortex light field can be obtained in an experiment.
Fig. 14 shows the x-polarization +2 order vortex optical field distribution at the near field and far field obtained by the experiment. Here, in order to obtain a purer 2 nd order vortex light field, only one circle of cells outside the array is used for radiating light, and the 2 nd order vortex light field of the array can be obtained in a far field.
FIG. 15 shows the local distribution of the far field x-polarization 2 nd order vortex optical field and the interference pattern obtained by the experiment.
The experimentally obtained near-field and far-field radially polarized optical field distributions are shown in fig. 16. Radially polarized light belongs to the most basic vector light and has an anisotropic spatial polarization distribution. In an experiment, three dimensions of the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of an emergent light field are regulated and controlled by controlling the amplitude and the phase of an x path and a y path of each array unit, so that a radial polarized light field at a far field is realized.
Fig. 17 shows the distribution of the radial polarized light field with wide spectrum obtained by experiment and simulation. The vector optical field generated by the device can cover 1530-1560 nm. Meanwhile, the spatial polarization distribution characteristics of the polarization splitter are verified by a rotary analyzer.
Fig. 18 and 19 show the eight vector polarized light field distributions obtained experimentally. Meanwhile, the spatial polarization distribution characteristics of the polarization splitter are verified by a rotary analyzer.
Fig. 20 shows the vector vortex optical field (-1 st order) distribution of radial polarization obtained by experiments and simulations, respectively, and the spatial polarization distribution characteristics are verified by a rotary analyzer, and simultaneously, the distribution characteristics can be decomposed into left-right circular polarization for verification again.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for regulating and controlling an integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field is characterized in that regulation and control of one-dimensional time of the optical field and regulation and control of a three-dimensional space of the optical field are combined together by utilizing a photon integration method, the optical field is firstly regulated and controlled by amplitude and phase in one-dimensional time dimension and then regulated and controlled by amplitude, phase and polarization in three-dimensional space dimension, and further full-dimensional full-vector high-speed optical field regulation and control are realized, wherein the amplitude and the phase in one-dimensional time dimension and the amplitude, the phase and the polarization in three-dimensional space dimension can be simultaneously and independently regulated and controlled.
2. The method for integrating the full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control according to claim 1, wherein the photonic integration method is to realize the full-dimensional full-vector high-speed optical field regulation and control by utilizing a micro-nano-sized photonic integrated device; the phase is regulated and controlled by changing the optical path, namely, the optical path difference causes phase shift; the amplitude regulation and control are realized by a coherent light field interference principle, namely when two paths of coherent light fields with the same frequency and the same polarization interfere, the relative phase shift between the two paths of coherent light fields can cause the amplitude change of the interference field, when the relative phase shift is 0, the interference is constructive, the amplitude is maximum, when the relative phase shift is pi, the interference is destructive, and the amplitude is 0; the polarization regulation and control are realized by an orthogonal polarization light field superposition principle, namely when two paths of orthogonal polarization light fields with the same frequency are superposed, all polarization state light fields are synthesized according to the difference of the relative amplitude and the relative phase shift of the two paths of light fields, and all points on a polarization state Poincare sphere can be traversed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase control in one-dimensional time dimension is achieved by changing waveguide refractive index or by over-coupling micro-ring via phase shifter, which is thermo-optic phase shifter or electro-optic phase shifter; the amplitude regulation and control on the one-dimensional time dimension are realized by a variable optical attenuator or an integrated optical amplifier, and the variable optical attenuator is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a critical coupling micro-ring or an electric absorption effect device; the amplitude and the phase on the one-dimensional time dimension are simultaneously regulated and controlled by cascade amplitude regulation and phase regulation or nested Mach-Zehnder interferometers; the amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control in the three-dimensional space dimension are realized by N multiplied by N array units, each array unit provides the spatial amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control of the local position of the array unit, wherein the phase regulation is realized by changing the refractive index of the waveguide or by over-coupling the micro-ring through a phase shifter, the phase shifter is a thermo-optic phase shifter or an electro-optic phase shifter, the amplitude regulation is realized by a variable optical attenuator or an integrated optical amplifier, the variable optical attenuator is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a critical coupling micro-ring or an electric absorption effect device, the polarization regulation and control are realized by combining a quadrature polarization beam combiner with phase and amplitude regulation and control, the quadrature polarization beam combiner is a two-dimensional grating or metamaterial or super surface or surface structure, and the spatial amplitude, phase and polarization regulation and control of local positions couple the waveguide mode optical field of the photonic integrated device into a free space by introducing wave vector mismatch.
4. The device is characterized by comprising a light source, a light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module and a light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module which are sequentially connected, wherein the light field one-dimensional time regulation and control module firstly regulates and controls the amplitude and the phase of a light field generated by the light source in one-dimensional time dimension, and the light field three-dimensional space regulation and control module regulates and controls the amplitude, the phase and the polarization of the light field in three-dimensional space dimension, so that the full-dimensional high-speed light field regulation and control are realized, wherein the amplitude and the phase in the one-dimensional time dimension and the amplitude, the phase and the polarization in the three-dimensional space dimension can be simultaneously or independently regulated and controlled.
5. The device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control of claim 4, wherein the optical field one-dimensional time regulation and control module is composed of a phase shifter and an amplitude controller in cascade or a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the optical field three-dimensional space regulation and control module is divided into N branches along a bus in an equipower mode, each branch is divided into N units along the line in an equipower mode, namely the N units are formed by N multiplied by N array units, N is larger than or equal to 2, each array unit is formed by a first phase shifter, a beam splitter, 2 amplitude controllers, a second phase shifter and an orthogonal polarization beam combiner, the first phase shifter is connected with the beam splitter, the beam splitter divides light into two paths, the first path is connected with one amplitude controller and the second phase shifter, the second path is connected with the other amplitude controller, and then the two paths are combined through the orthogonal polarization beam combiner and coupled to free space output.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising a light delay line in each array unit for adjusting the same delay of each array unit to keep time synchronization; the light field three-dimensional space regulating and controlling module is of a square distribution array structure or an annular distribution array structure.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the phase shifter is a waveguide type thermo-optic or electro-optic phase shifter or an over-coupled micro-ring phase shifter; the amplitude controller is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer or a critical coupling micro-ring or an electric absorption effect variable optical attenuator or an integrated optical amplifier capable of providing gain; the nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of a beam splitter, 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometers, a pi/2 phase shifter and a beam combiner, wherein the beam splitter divides light into two paths, the first path is connected with one Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the pi/2 phase shifter, the second path is connected with the other Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and then the two paths are combined and output through the beam combiner; the orthogonal polarization beam combiner is a two-dimensional grating or metamaterial or super surface or surface structure orthogonal polarization beam combiner.
8. The device for integrating full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control of claim 7, wherein the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is composed of a beam splitter, a phase shifter and a beam combiner, wherein the beam splitter divides light into two paths, one path is connected with the phase shifter, and the two paths are combined and output through the beam combiner; the over-coupling micro-ring phase shifter is formed by coupling a straight waveguide and a micro-ring, and the micro-ring works in an over-coupling state; the critical coupling micro-ring is formed by coupling a straight waveguide and a micro-ring, and the micro-ring works in an over-coupling state; the orthogonal polarization beam combiner is assisted by a reflector such as a distributed Bragg reflection grating to improve out-coupling efficiency.
9. The device for integrated full-dimensional high-speed optical field regulation and control according to claim 7, wherein the thermo-optic phase shifter adopts a resistive waveguide covering a thermal resistance material at a distance above the waveguide or utilizes the waveguide itself doped by ion implantation to change the refractive index of the waveguide for thermo-optic phase shift tuning; the electro-optical phase shifter adopts a carrier injection type or a carrier depletion type or a linear electro-optical effect or a second-order electro-optical effect according to different material systems.
10. The apparatus of any one of claims 4 to 9, wherein the photonic integrated device material system of the apparatus is silicon-Si, silicon dioxide-SiO2Indium phosphide InP, gallium arsenide GaAs, lithium niobate LiNbO3One or more of lithium niobate thin film, Polymer, surface plasma and phase change material.
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