CN111999179A - Device and method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness - Google Patents
Device and method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness Download PDFInfo
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- CN111999179A CN111999179A CN202010684666.9A CN202010684666A CN111999179A CN 111999179 A CN111999179 A CN 111999179A CN 202010684666 A CN202010684666 A CN 202010684666A CN 111999179 A CN111999179 A CN 111999179A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
Abstract
A device and a method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness relate to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and can be used for manufacturing the joint surfaces with different roughness of a cubic rock sample. The device is including the top board and the holding down plate that are used for transmitting load, and wherein top board and holding down plate are provided with the V-arrangement groove that corresponds from top to bottom at the middle part, and the layering block is placed on the V-arrangement groove, and the holding down plate still is provided with 4 at least spring fixed orificess, and the spring configuration is in the spring fixed orifices, and the height that the spring spills the spring fixed orifices is greater than the height that the layering spills the V-arrangement groove. The pressing strip is a quadrangular prism, one side edge of the pressing strip is a rough edge, a limiting column is arranged on the side surface of the upper pressing plate, a guide column is arranged on the side surface of the lower pressing plate, and the limiting column and the guide column are mutually matched to ensure that two planes where the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are located move in parallel relatively. The same two pressing strips are matched with the split rock to form fresh joint surfaces with different roughness, so that the mechanical property research of the joint rock with different roughness characteristics is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a device for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness and a method for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness by using the device.
Background
Rock mass is a typical natural body of earth, formed through geological history over millions of years and even billions of years. Rock masses have the characteristics of anisotropy, discontinuity, anisotropy and the like, and often consist of complete rock blocks and discontinuous geological structures (such as faults, structural planes, joint planes, bedding and the like) cutting the rock blocks. The weak surfaces such as joint surfaces and the like become important factors for determining the overall stability of rock engineering due to the extremely low shear strength and high permeability. Therefore, the research on the geometric characteristics, the mechanical characteristics and the permeability characteristics of the joint surface is always a hotspot and difficult problem in the research of the field of rock mechanics. With the development of various engineering constructions related to the field of rock engineering, such as the construction of large hydropower stations, the exploitation of natural gas and shale gas, the underground storage of petroleum energy, the excavation of tunnels, the exploitation of mineral resources, the underground disposal of nuclear waste, the treatment of slope stability and the like, a series of mechanical problems such as the strength and deformation of rock joint surfaces are not involved in various projects. The existence of the joint surface greatly reduces the integrity and stability of the rock mass, increases the risk coefficient in the construction process, and the induced shear damage (such as tunnel collapse, slope slippage, slippage type rock burst, induced earthquake disaster and the like) can cause a large amount of casualties and property loss.
The joint surface existing in the rock mass often has certain ductility, and the surface topography of the joint surface is a decisive factor for influencing the roughness of the joint surface. The joint roughness coefficient (abbreviated as JRC) is determined by laboratory test using 10 standard section lines to describe the roughness characteristics of the joint surface with 0-20 JRC. Numerous studies and practices have shown that the peak and residual shear strength of the joint, the deformation characteristics, and the permeability characteristics of the joint face are controlled by the roughness of the joint face; under high stress conditions, the roughness of the joint and fault planes can also affect the mode of joint shear failure (such as static shear slip of creep and steady slip, and dynamic destabilizing failure of slip-type rock burst, induced earthquake, etc.). Therefore, the research on the mechanical property, the deformation characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the jointed rock mass with different roughness characteristics has important scientific significance and engineering significance.
The direct shear test is a main test method for testing the shear strength of the rock joint and obtaining the strength parameters (cohesive force and internal friction angle) of the joint surface. In the direct shear test, a cubic sample is generally selected, a joint surface is arranged in the middle of the sample, a certain normal pressure is applied in the vertical direction, then a shearing force is applied in the horizontal direction, so that the upper part and the lower part are sheared and dislocated, corresponding displacement and shearing force are measured, and finally, the normal stress and the shearing stress acting on the joint surface are calculated.
Currently, in the direct shear test, the joint surface is generally manufactured by the following method:
(1) prefabricating joints, namely manufacturing a cubic sample by using rock-like materials such as mortar, gypsum and the like, embedding a mica sheet and a thin iron sheet in the middle of the sample in a pouring process, and taking out the thin iron sheet to form a joint surface after the sample is initially set;
(2) cutting joints, namely cutting the complete rock into an upper part and a lower part by using a cutting machine, wherein the upper part and the lower part are used as an upper half part and a lower half part of a joint surface;
(3) selecting a sample on site, namely selecting a rock sample containing a natural joint surface on an engineering site, and then cutting and polishing to ensure that the joint surface is just positioned in the middle of the cubic sample;
(4) the 3D carving technology is that a three-dimensional scanner is used for obtaining the appearance of the original rock joint surface, and the joint surface with the appearance consistent with that of the original rock joint surface is carved on the surface of the flat and smooth rock;
(5) splitting to form a joint, namely splitting the rock to form a fresh joint surface by using a Brazilian splitting tester.
However, the conventional manufacturing methods have the following problems: firstly, similar materials are often low in strength and weak in brittleness, and rock is a typical brittle material, so that model materials such as mortar and gypsum cannot truly reflect mechanical characteristics of the rock; the prefabricated joint surface appearance (such as a sawtooth shape) is also greatly different from the natural joint appearance; rock is a natural geologic body, the joint surface of the rock usually has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics, and the joint prepared by cutting the rock cannot truly reflect the real three-dimensional appearance of the joint surface of the original rock; the most real field joint surface can be obtained by collecting the sample on site, but the field sampling cost is high, the success rate is low, the natural rock sample is easy to be disturbed when the rock containing the natural joint sample is processed, and the inherent structure is changed to influence the measured mechanical parameters; the shape of the joint surface carved by the 3D carving machine is smoother than that of the original rock joint surface, and a tiny bending body reflecting the original rock joint surface cannot be copied; the joint surface formed by splitting has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics, the appearance of the joint surface is similar to that of a fresh joint surface on site, but a straight steel wire strip or a prismatic steel strip is generally adopted to apply linear load on the surface of the cubic rock in the splitting process, the surface appearance formed by splitting cannot be controlled manually, the surface appearance formed by splitting is similar, the roughness is single, and the rock joint surfaces with different roughness characteristics cannot be manufactured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to manufacture joint surfaces with different roughness and enable the joint surfaces to reflect the appearance characteristics of the actual rock mass joint, the invention provides a device and a method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
A device for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness comprises an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate which are used for transferring load, wherein V-shaped grooves which are parallel up and down are respectively arranged in the middle of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, and pressing strips are clamped and placed in the V-shaped grooves; the lower pressing plate is also provided with at least 4 spring fixing holes, the springs are arranged in the spring fixing holes, and the height of the spring leaking out of the spring fixing holes is greater than that of the pressing strips leaking out of the V-shaped grooves; the pressing strips are quadrangular, one side edge of each pressing strip is a rough edge, and the pressing strips arranged on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are the same; the side surface of the upper pressure plate is provided with a limiting column, and the side surface of the lower pressure plate is provided with a guide column matched with the limiting column; and the two planes of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate move relatively in parallel along the guiding direction of the guide post.
Preferably, the two pressing strips arranged on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are 1 pressing strip group, and the rough edges of the two pressing strips in the same group are completely the same; and the rough edge is determined according to the rough coefficient of the joint surface, and a plurality of pressing strip groups are manufactured to replace pressing strips on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.
It is also preferred that the rough edges are curved lines, the rock sample being in contact with the two rough edges of the batten strip, respectively, said curved lines having the same shape as the standard section line of the joint surface.
It is also preferable that the springs arranged on the lower pressing plate are equal in height, the lower pressing plate is horizontally arranged, the rock sample is arranged above the springs, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are kept parallel, and the rough edges of the pressing strips on the rock sample and the lower pressing plate are in contact.
It is also preferred that the length of the V-shaped groove is equal to the length of the bead, and the maximum depth of the V-shaped groove is less than the height of the bead.
A method of making rock joints of different roughness using an apparatus for making rock joints of different roughness as described above, comprising:
step 4, aligning the limiting column of the upper pressing plate and the guide column of the lower pressing plate, and slowly lowering the upper pressing plate until the rough edge of the upper pressing strip of the upper pressing plate is in close contact with the surface of the cubic rock sample;
and 5, loading, wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate transfer load until the splitting is completed.
Further preferably, the same layering group is used for splitting a plurality of rock samples respectively to obtain rock joints with similar roughness; and replacing a plurality of pressure bar groups, and respectively splitting a plurality of rock samples to obtain a plurality of rock joints with different roughness.
The device and the method for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness have the advantages that:
(1) the device can manufacture the splitting rock samples with different roughness by using different pressing strips to obtain joint surfaces with different roughness, thereby solving the problem that the splitting joint roughness cannot be controlled by the existing splitting die; the device ensures that the two pressing strips split the rock sample on the same vertical space curved surface through the mutual matching of the limiting columns and the guide columns of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, thereby obtaining the expected roughness.
(2) The device supports the rock sample through four standard springs on the lower pressing plate, so that the rock sample is horizontally placed before splitting, and the problem of pressure eccentricity possibly occurring during splitting loading is avoided; in addition, the parallel loading of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate can be further limited through the guide columns. The whole device can be directly placed on a Brazilian splitting testing machine for splitting tests, so that the joint surface is simple to manufacture and low in cost.
(3) The method for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness by using the device is characterized in that standardized rock joint surface samples are manufactured by selecting different pressure bar groups, and the method has important significance for researching mechanical properties, deformation properties and permeability properties of the joint rock with different roughness characteristics; the method for manufacturing the rock sample is simple and easy to implement, and the obtained joint surface has complex three-dimensional appearance characteristics and accords with the joint three-dimensional appearance in engineering practice.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for making rock joints of different roughness;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the upper platen construction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sliver group;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rotation of the molding;
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the principle of a batten strip splitting rock sample;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the construction of the lower platen;
FIG. 8 is a schematic top view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of different joint roughness coefficient standard cross-sectional lines;
in the figure: 1-upper pressing plate, 2-lower pressing plate, 3-pressing strip, 4-limiting column, 5-guiding column, 6-V-shaped groove, 7-spring, 8-rock sample and 9-spring fixing hole.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment of an apparatus and a method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 9.
The roughness of the rock joint obtained by the existing method for splitting the formed joint surface is single, and the rock joint surface with different roughness characteristics cannot be manufactured, so that research on mechanical characteristics, deformation characteristics and permeability characteristics of the joint rock with different roughness characteristics is limited.
The device for manufacturing different roughness rock joints provided by the embodiment specifically comprises an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate which are used for transmitting load, wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are respectively provided with a V-shaped groove which is parallel to each other at the middle part, the pressing strip is clamped in the V-shaped groove, and the pressing strip can be fixed through the V-shaped groove. The lower pressing plate is further provided with at least 4 spring fixing holes, the springs are arranged in the spring fixing holes, the height of the spring leaking spring fixing holes is larger than the height of the pressing strips leaking V-shaped grooves, and the springs can support rock samples horizontally placed above the lower pressing plate. The pressing strips are quadrangular, one side edge of each pressing strip is a rough edge, the pressing strips arranged on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are the same, and joints with corresponding roughness can be obtained after splitting through the contact of the rough edges and the rock samples. The side of top board is provided with spacing post, the side of holding down plate be provided with spacing post complex guide post, spacing post removes along the guide direction of guide post, specifically the side of guide post and spacing post is laminated each other, so spacing post is restricted and can not take place the side between each guide post and move, two planes at top board and holding down plate place are at the motion of the guide direction parallel relatively along the guide post, thereby avoid on, the holding down plate can't align and lead to on, the holding down strip is skew, the eccentric problem of pressure appears.
The two pressing strips configured on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are 1 pressing strip group, the rough edges of the two pressing strips in the same group are completely the same, the rough edges are arranged up and down correspondingly during use, and the rough edges are contacted with the middle part of the rock sample and are split along the rough edges to obtain the rock sample with corresponding roughness. The rough edge can be determined according to the roughness coefficient of the joint surface, as shown in fig. 9, the rough edge can be manufactured according to the standard section lines corresponding to the roughness coefficients of different joint surfaces, and a plurality of pressing strip groups can be manufactured to replace pressing strips on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, so that the joint surfaces with different roughness can be obtained. The rough edge is a curve, the rock sample is respectively contacted with the two rough edge lines of the pressing strip, and the shape of the curve is the same as the standard section line of the joint surface, so that the rock sample with the standard roughness joint surface can be manufactured.
In addition, only 3 groups of the pressing strips can be arranged, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, each group has two same pressing strips, the pressing strips are prism-shaped, the angles of three adjacent side edges are right angles, the other side edge is a curve, the curve edges of the 3 groups of the pressing strips respectively correspond to section lines with JRC of 0-2, 4-6 and 8-10, a-c in fig. 4 respectively represent the corresponding 3 groups of the pressing strips, and a-c in fig. 5 respectively represent structural schematic diagrams observed at different angles of the same 1 pressing strip.
The spring height that disposes on the holding down plate equals to guarantee that rock sample and holding down plate are parallel, the holding down plate level is placed, and the rock sample is placed in the spring top, guarantees the level of rock sample water. The upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate can be kept parallel, and the rough edges of the pressing strips on the rock sample and the lower pressing plate are in contact. The length of the V-shaped grooves on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate is equal to the length of the pressing strip, so that the pressing strips of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate can be aligned in parallel, the replacement and installation of the pressing strip are facilitated, the maximum depth of the V-shaped grooves is smaller than the height of the pressing strip, and the height of the rough edge can be larger than the height of the upper surface of the lower pressing plate.
Another deformation of this embodiment can improve guide post and spacing post, and the guide way begins on the guide post, and spacing post block is in the guide way, and the length of spacing post is more than or equal to the thickness of last push plate to further avoid pressure eccentric. The V-shaped groove can be improved, particularly, the stability of the pressing strip is improved by increasing the contact area of the V-shaped groove and the pressing strip, and the stop blocks are arranged at the two ends of the V-shaped groove, so that the pressing strip is better limited. In addition, the number of the spring fixing holes and the number of the springs can be more than four, so that the rock sample can be further horizontally placed on the lower pressing plate.
A method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness can utilize the device for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness, and comprises the following specific steps:
And 2, respectively placing the two pressing strips in the V-shaped grooves of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate in parallel, adjusting the positions of the pressing strips to enable the pressing strips on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate to be aligned in parallel, and finishing the installation after the rough edges of the two pressing strips are vertically and correspondingly consistent.
And 3, horizontally placing the cubic rock sample on the lower pressing plate, wherein the springs support the rock sample, and because the lengths of the springs are equal, the springs uniformly support the rock sample, and the rock sample is kept horizontally placed.
And 4, aligning the limiting column of the upper pressing plate and the guide column of the lower pressing plate, slowly lowering the upper pressing plate until the pressing strip on the upper pressing plate is tightly contacted with the rock sample, wherein the pressing strip is in linear contact with the rock sample, and the contact line is a curve corresponding to the rough edge.
And 5, loading, wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate transfer load until the splitting is completed. The splitting test can be directly carried out on the Brazilian splitting test machine, so that the cost for manufacturing the joint surface can be saved, and the method is convenient and fast.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A device for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness comprises an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate which are used for transferring load, and is characterized in that the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are respectively provided with a V-shaped groove which is parallel up and down in the middle, and a pressing strip is clamped and placed in the V-shaped groove; the lower pressing plate is also provided with at least 4 spring fixing holes, the springs are arranged in the spring fixing holes, and the height of the spring leaking out of the spring fixing holes is greater than that of the pressing strips leaking out of the V-shaped grooves; the pressing strips are quadrangular, one side edge of each pressing strip is a rough edge, and the pressing strips arranged on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are the same; the side surface of the upper pressure plate is provided with a limiting column, and the side surface of the lower pressure plate is provided with a guide column matched with the limiting column; and the two planes of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate move relatively in parallel along the guiding direction of the guide post.
2. The device for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two pressing strips arranged on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are 1 pressing strip group, and the rough edges of the two pressing strips in the same group are completely the same; and the rough edge is determined according to the rough coefficient of the joint surface, and a plurality of pressing strip groups are manufactured to replace pressing strips on the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.
3. The device for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rough edges are curved lines, the rock samples are respectively contacted with the two rough edges of the batten, and the shapes of the curved lines are the same as the standard section lines of the joint surfaces.
4. The device for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the springs arranged on the lower pressing plate are equal in height, the lower pressing plate is horizontally arranged, the rock sample is arranged above the springs, the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate are kept parallel, and rough edges of the battens on the rock sample and the lower pressing plate are in contact.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the V-grooves are of equal length to the bead, and the maximum depth of the V-grooves is less than the height of the bead.
6. A method of making rock joints of differing roughness using an apparatus for making rock joints of differing roughness according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
step 1, selecting a roughness coefficient of a prefabricated joint surface according to a test, and selecting a pressing strip group corresponding to the roughness coefficient;
step 2, respectively placing two pressing strips in parallel in the V-shaped grooves of the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate, wherein the rough edges of the two pressing strips are correspondingly and consistently installed up and down;
step 3, horizontally placing the cubic rock sample on the lower pressing plate, supporting the rock sample by using a spring, and keeping the rock sample horizontal;
step 4, aligning the limiting column of the upper pressing plate and the guide column of the lower pressing plate, and slowly lowering the upper pressing plate until the rough edge of the upper pressing strip of the upper pressing plate is in close contact with the surface of the cubic rock sample;
and 5, loading, wherein the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate transfer load until the splitting is completed.
7. The method for manufacturing the rock joints with different roughness as claimed in claim 6, wherein the same layering group is used for splitting a plurality of rock samples respectively to obtain the rock joints with similar roughness; and replacing a plurality of pressure bar groups, and respectively splitting a plurality of rock samples to obtain a plurality of rock joints with different roughness.
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| CN202010684666.9A CN111999179A (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | Device and method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness |
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| CN202010684666.9A CN111999179A (en) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | Device and method for manufacturing rock joints with different roughness |
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