CN111997630A - Monitoring and measuring method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel - Google Patents
Monitoring and measuring method for high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997630A CN111997630A CN202011041888.5A CN202011041888A CN111997630A CN 111997630 A CN111997630 A CN 111997630A CN 202011041888 A CN202011041888 A CN 202011041888A CN 111997630 A CN111997630 A CN 111997630A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000611 regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009430 construction management Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/003—Arrangement of measuring or indicating devices for use during driving of tunnels, e.g. for guiding machines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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Abstract
The invention provides a monitoring and measuring method for a high ground stress soft rock tunnel, which comprises the steps of formulating a special monitoring and measuring scheme for the high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the design of the tunnel; at the moment, the tunnel starts to be constructed, and the tunnel is excavated and is used as primary support; monitoring and measuring the construction process by using a measuring instrument to obtain monitoring and measuring data; performing regression analysis on the monitoring measurement data to determine the construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining; determining the deformation grade of the tunnel according to the tunnel face sketch condition and the regression analysis of the monitoring measurement data; determining a tunnel management reference according to the tunnel deformation grade; evaluating the stability of the tunnel, and if the safety requirement is met, constructing a secondary lining; and if the safety requirement is not met, repeating the steps according to the construction condition. By adopting the scheme, monitoring measurement can be correctly carried out, real data of monitoring measurement can be effectively fed back, and supporting parameters and construction management levels can be adjusted by utilizing the monitoring measurement data, so that the safety of tunnel construction is improved, and the capital cost pressure is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of highway tunnels, in particular to a monitoring and measuring method for a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel.
Background
In recent years, more and more mountain roads are planned and constructed, more and more tunnels are also planned and constructed, particularly in southwest mountainous areas, the earthquake intensity is high, the broken zones are accompanied by faults, the burial depth is large, the ground stress is high, the tunnels in water-rich soft rock strata bring great difficulty to the tunnel construction, the primary support is deformed for a long time, the soft rock strength is low, the weathering is easy, great deformation is easy to generate in the construction and construction process, and great hidden dangers are brought to the tunnel construction safety and the structural safety. The observation data of long-term monitoring and measurement are not timely and can not be effectively judged, large deformation is often caused, primary support cracking, damage, limit invasion and the like are caused, great hidden dangers are brought to the safety and the quality of the tunnel, and meanwhile, serious pressure is brought to the construction period and the capital cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a monitoring and measuring method for a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a monitoring and measuring method for a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1: making a special monitoring and measuring scheme for the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel according to the design of the tunnel;
s2: at the moment, the tunnel starts to be constructed, and the tunnel is excavated and is used as primary support;
s3: in the primary supporting process, monitoring and measuring the construction process by using a measuring instrument to obtain monitoring and measuring data;
s4: performing regression analysis on the monitoring measurement data to determine the construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining;
s5: determining the deformation grade of the tunnel according to the tunnel face sketch condition and the regression analysis of the monitoring measurement data;
s6: determining a tunnel management reference according to the tunnel deformation grade;
s7: establishing an evaluation standard according to the past experience analogy, theoretical analysis and special requirements of projects, evaluating the stability of the tunnel by combining the evaluation standard with a tunnel management standard, and if the safety requirement is met, performing secondary lining to complete the construction of the section of the tunnel; if the safety requirements are not met, dynamic design and construction are required according to the deformation condition, and the steps from S2 to S7 are repeated according to the construction condition.
During the concrete operation of the scheme, in order to early warn the deformation amount of soft rock in the construction process and increase the safety of the tunnel construction process, before the tunnel construction, the concrete flow and the used tools of the scheme are made according to the tunnel design, then the tunnel construction is started, the tunnel is excavated and initially supported in the initial construction stage, in the construction process, a measuring instrument is adopted for monitoring and measuring, and monitoring and measuring data are obtained, the monitoring and measuring data comprise the soft rock deformation rate, the displacement distance when the tunnel wall deforms, the equivalent radius of the tunnel and other data, then regression analysis is carried out on the monitoring and measuring data, the change of daily data is analyzed to determine the making time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining, then the tunnel deformation grade is determined according to the combination of the tunnel face sketch condition and the regression analysis of the monitoring and measuring data, the tunnel deformation conditions reflected by different tunnel deformation grades are different, determining a tunnel management standard according to the total deformation of the tunnel deformation level, finally establishing an evaluation standard according to the past experience analogy, theoretical analysis and special requirements of projects, evaluating the stability of the tunnel by combining the evaluation standard with the tunnel management standard, and performing secondary lining if the safety requirement is met, so that the tunnel construction of the section is completed; if the safety requirements are not met, dynamic design and construction are required according to the deformation condition, and the steps from S2 to S7 are repeated according to the construction condition.
Further, the tunnel design needs to be designed according to tunnel detailed data, site survey data, relevant tunnel data collection and specification requirements.
Furthermore, the measuring instrument adopts three-dimensional laser scanning and total station instrument to combine measurement.
Furthermore, regression analysis is carried out on the monitoring measurement data, and the construction and construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining is determined according to the combination of deformation effect evaluation and deformation rate judgment.
Further, regression analysis is carried out on the monitored and measured data, and if the deformation control effect meets the requirement and the deformation tends to be stable, secondary lining and inverted arch construction are carried out;
and if the deformation control effect does not meet the requirement, the deformation rate is too high, and the deformation is not converged, taking treatment measures.
Further, the tunnel deformation grades can be divided into three grades of mild, moderate and severe;
mild: ua is 20-35 cm, and Ua/a is 3-6%; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is cracked, and the steel frame is partially separated from the sprayed layer
Medium: ua is 35-60 cm, and Ua/a is 6-10%; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is seriously cracked, blocks fall off, a local steel frame is deformed, and the anchor rod base plate is sunken.
Severe: ua is more than 60cm, and Ua/a is more than 10 percent; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is seriously cracked, the block falls, the local steel frame is deformed, the anchor rod base plate is sunken, but the large-area occurrence is realized, and the phenomena of anchor rod breakage and steel frame deformation and distortion are generated.
Ua is the displacement of the hole wall, and a is the equivalent radius of the tunnel.
Further, the tunnel management reference comprises three section deformation levels according to the accumulated deformation: u is less than 30 percent of U0、30％U0≤U＜70U0And 70% U0≤U＜100U0The deformation rate is divided into four interval deformation rate grades: 2 to 10mm/d, 10 to 30mm/d30-50 mm/d and more than 50 mm/d;
determining a tunnel management level according to 4 different interval deformation rate levels when the accumulated deformation is in each interval deformation level;
u is the total amount of deformation, U0And reserving deformation for design.
Furthermore, the tunnel management level is divided into four management levels, and each management level correspondingly adopts construction treatment measures;
a first stage: normal construction;
and a second stage: warning, strengthening detection and preparing a plan;
and a third stage: early warning, reason analysis and plan implementation;
fourth stage: alarming, checking the implementation condition of a plan, analyzing reasons, perfecting and strengthening measures, carrying out safety evaluation, and considering the suspension of construction when necessary.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the scheme, tunnel deformation is divided into three levels according to tunnel displacement, tunnel deformation management is divided into four levels according to deformation rate, construction measures are provided for the four levels respectively, and support parameters of surrounding rocks in front of a tunnel face can be selected reasonably according to tunnel face sketch and constructed paragraph primary support deformation levels in the implementation process. And reasonable construction measures are taken for the excavated paragraphs according to the deformation management level.
Therefore, the monitoring and measuring method for the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel can widely guide the excavation of the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel, is clear in flow arrangement, reasonable in large deformation grade division, clear in management grade, clear in construction measure corresponding to each management grade and convenient to guide construction. The invention is not only suitable for the high ground stress soft rock tunnel, but also suitable for the fault fracture zone.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a monitoring and measuring method for a high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Example (b): fig. 1 is a flowchart of a monitoring and measuring method for a high ground stress soft rock tunnel according to the present invention. A monitoring and measuring method for a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1: making a special monitoring and measuring scheme for the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel according to the design of the tunnel;
s2: at the moment, the tunnel starts to be constructed, and the tunnel is excavated and is used as primary support;
s3: in the primary supporting process, monitoring and measuring the construction process by using a measuring instrument to obtain monitoring and measuring data;
s4: performing regression analysis on the monitoring measurement data to determine the construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining;
s5: determining the deformation grade of the tunnel according to the tunnel face sketch condition and the regression analysis of the monitoring measurement data;
s6: determining a tunnel management reference according to the tunnel deformation grade;
s7: establishing an evaluation standard according to the past experience analogy, theoretical analysis and special requirements of projects, evaluating the stability of the tunnel by combining the evaluation standard with a tunnel management standard, and if the safety requirement is met, performing secondary lining to complete the construction of the section of the tunnel; if the safety requirements are not met, dynamic design and construction are required according to the deformation condition, and the steps from S2 to S7 are repeated according to the construction condition.
In the embodiment, in order to early warn the deformation of soft rock in the construction process and increase the safety of the tunnel construction process, before the tunnel construction, the specific flow and the used tools of the scheme are made according to the tunnel design, then the tunnel construction is started, the tunnel is excavated and initially supported in the initial construction stage, in the construction process, a measuring instrument is adopted to carry out monitoring measurement and obtain monitoring measurement data, the monitoring measurement data comprises the data of soft rock deformation rate, displacement distance when the tunnel wall deforms, equivalent radius of the tunnel and the like, regression analysis is carried out on the monitoring measurement data, the change of daily data is analyzed to determine the construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining, then the tunnel deformation grade is determined according to the combination of the tunnel face sketch condition and the monitoring measurement data regression analysis, the tunnel deformation conditions reflected by different tunnel deformation grades are different, determining a tunnel management standard according to the total deformation of the tunnel deformation level, finally establishing an evaluation standard according to the past experience analogy, theoretical analysis and special requirements of projects, evaluating the stability of the tunnel by combining the evaluation standard with the tunnel management standard, and performing secondary lining if the safety requirement is met, so that the tunnel construction of the section is completed; if the safety requirements are not met, dynamic design and construction are required according to the deformation condition, and the steps from S2 to S7 are repeated according to the construction condition.
In this embodiment, the tunnel design needs to be designed according to the detailed tunnel survey data, the site survey data, the collection of the relevant tunnel data and the specification requirements.
In this embodiment, the measuring instrument adopts three-dimensional laser scanning and total station instrument to combine measurement.
In this embodiment, regression analysis of the monitored and measured data is performed to determine the timing of constructing the inverted arch and the secondary lining according to a combination of deformation effect evaluation and deformation rate judgment.
In the embodiment, regression analysis is performed on the monitored and measured data, and if the deformation control effect meets the requirement and the deformation tends to be stable, secondary lining and inverted arch construction are performed;
and if the deformation control effect does not meet the requirement, the deformation rate is too high, and the deformation is not converged, taking treatment measures.
In this embodiment, the tunnel deformation grades may be classified into mild, moderate and severe grades;
in the table, Ua is the displacement of the tunnel wall, and a is the equivalent radius of the tunnel; in the table, deformation and displacement are generated under the condition that preliminary bracing is constructed, and the bracing is conventional standard bracing.
Mild: ua is 20-35 cm, and Ua/a is 3-6%; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is cracked, and the steel frame is partially separated from the sprayed layer
Medium: ua is 35-60 cm, and Ua/a is 6-10%; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is seriously cracked, blocks fall off, a local steel frame is deformed, and the anchor rod base plate is sunken.
Severe: ua is more than 60cm, and Ua/a is more than 10 percent; the failure of the primary support is shown as follows: the sprayed concrete layer is seriously cracked, the block falls, the local steel frame is deformed, the anchor rod base plate is sunken, but the large-area occurrence is realized, and the phenomena of anchor rod breakage and steel frame deformation and distortion are generated.
In this embodiment, the tunnel management reference includes three section deformation levels according to the accumulated deformation: u is less than 30 percent of U0、30％U0≤U＜70U0And 70% U0≤U＜100U0The deformation rate is divided into four interval deformation rate grades: 2-10 mm/d, 10-30 mm/d, 30-50 mm/d and more than 50 mm/d;
determining a tunnel management level according to 4 different interval deformation rate levels when the accumulated deformation is in each interval deformation level;
note that in the table, U0 is the amount of deformation reserved for the design, and U is the total amount of deformation.
In the embodiment, the tunnel management level is divided into four management levels, and each management level correspondingly adopts construction treatment measures;
a first stage: normal construction;
and a second stage: warning, strengthening detection and preparing a plan;
and a third stage: early warning, reason analysis and plan implementation;
fourth stage: alarming, checking the implementation condition of a plan, analyzing reasons, perfecting and strengthening measures, carrying out safety evaluation, and considering the suspension of construction when necessary.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A monitoring and measuring method for a high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: making a special monitoring and measuring scheme for the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel according to the design of the tunnel;
s2: at the moment, the tunnel starts to be constructed, and the tunnel is excavated and is used as primary support;
s3: in the primary supporting process, monitoring and measuring the construction process by using a measuring instrument to obtain monitoring and measuring data;
s4: performing regression analysis on the monitoring measurement data to determine the construction time of the inverted arch and the secondary lining;
s5: determining the deformation grade of the tunnel according to the tunnel face sketch condition and the regression analysis of the monitoring measurement data;
s6: determining a tunnel management reference according to the tunnel deformation grade;
s7: establishing an evaluation standard according to the past experience analogy, theoretical analysis and special requirements of projects, evaluating the stability of the tunnel by combining the evaluation standard with a tunnel management standard, and if the safety requirement is met, performing secondary lining to complete the construction of the section of the tunnel; if the safety requirements are not met, dynamic design and construction are required according to the deformation condition, and the steps from S2 to S7 are repeated according to the construction condition.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the design of the tunnel is based on the detailed survey data, the site survey data, the collection of the relevant tunnel data and the specification requirements.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring instrument is used for measuring by combination of three-dimensional laser scanning and total station.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the regression analysis of the monitored data is determined according to the deformation effect evaluation and deformation rate.
5. The method for monitoring and measuring the high-ground-stress soft rock tunnel according to claim 4, wherein regression analysis is performed on the monitored and measured data, and if the deformation control effect meets the requirement and the deformation tends to be stable, secondary lining and inverted arch construction are performed;
and if the deformation control effect does not meet the requirement, the deformation rate is too high, and the deformation is not converged, taking treatment measures.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel deformation is classified into mild, moderate and severe;
mild: ua is 20-35 cm, and Ua/a is 3-6%;
medium: ua is 35-60 cm, and Ua/a is 6-10%;
severe: ua is more than 60cm, and Ua/a is more than 10 percent;
ua is the displacement of the hole wall, and a is the equivalent radius of the tunnel.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the tunnel management criteria includes three deformation levels according to the accumulated deformation: u is less than 30 percent of U0、30％U0≤U＜70U0And 70% U0≤U＜100U0The deformation rate is divided into four interval deformation rate grades: 2 to 10mm/d,10-30 mm/d, 30-50 mm/d and more than 50 mm/d;
determining a tunnel management level according to 4 different interval deformation rate levels when the accumulated deformation is in each interval deformation level;
u is the total amount of deformation, U0And reserving deformation for design.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the tunnel management level is divided into four management levels, each management level corresponding to a construction treatment;
a first stage: normal construction;
and a second stage: warning, strengthening detection and preparing a plan;
and a third stage: early warning, reason analysis and plan implementation;
fourth stage: alarming, checking the implementation condition of a plan, analyzing reasons, perfecting and strengthening measures, carrying out safety evaluation, and considering the suspension of construction when necessary.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN112727469A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁十九局集团第六工程有限公司 | Monitoring and measuring method for tunnel of tillite layer |
| CN113266364A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-08-17 | 贵州铁建工程质量检测咨询有限公司 | Tunnel construction monitoring measurement and super-undermining measurement control technology |
| CN113360998A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 四川绵九高速公路有限责任公司 | Large deformation trend dynamic judgment and construction decision method for large deformation tunnel |
| CN115900635A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-04 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel deformation data monitoring method, device and system |
| CN117993088A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Method for predicting stress of second lining of soft rock large-deformation tunnel |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112727469A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-30 | 中铁十九局集团第六工程有限公司 | Monitoring and measuring method for tunnel of tillite layer |
| CN113266364A (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2021-08-17 | 贵州铁建工程质量检测咨询有限公司 | Tunnel construction monitoring measurement and super-undermining measurement control technology |
| CN113266364B (en) * | 2021-05-29 | 2022-10-04 | 贵州铁建工程质量检测咨询有限公司 | Tunnel construction monitoring measurement and overbreak and undermining measurement control method |
| CN113360998A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-09-07 | 四川绵九高速公路有限责任公司 | Large deformation trend dynamic judgment and construction decision method for large deformation tunnel |
| CN115900635A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-04-04 | 四川省交通勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel deformation data monitoring method, device and system |
| CN117993088A (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-05-07 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Method for predicting stress of second lining of soft rock large-deformation tunnel |
| CN117993088B (en) * | 2024-04-07 | 2024-07-26 | 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 | Method for predicting stress of second lining of soft rock large-deformation tunnel |
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Application publication date: 20201127 |