CN111997622B - Tunnel IV-grade and V-grade weak surrounding rock full-section and micro-step mechanized matching construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel IV-grade and V-grade weak surrounding rock full-section and micro-step mechanized matching construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111997622B CN111997622B CN202010823794.7A CN202010823794A CN111997622B CN 111997622 B CN111997622 B CN 111997622B CN 202010823794 A CN202010823794 A CN 202010823794A CN 111997622 B CN111997622 B CN 111997622B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003187 abdominal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/152—Laggings made of grids or nettings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/18—Arch members ; Network made of arch members ; Ring elements; Polygon elements; Polygon elements inside arches
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
- E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/001—Improving soil or rock, e.g. by freezing; Injections
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A tunnel IV and V-grade weak surrounding rock full-section and micro-step mechanized matching construction method relates to the field of tunnel construction. The method is invented for mainly solving the problems that the construction efficiency is low and the like when the existing tunnel is constructed by adopting full-section excavation and a step method. Advanced geological forecast; the advanced support is constructed by a middle pipe shed, a three-arm drilling trolley is used for positioning and drilling, the V-level surrounding rock or a geological complicated section is subjected to drilling construction by pipe following operation, and grouting is performed on the pipe shed by a grouting machine. Excavating a IV-grade surrounding rock hard rock section by adopting a full-section method; excavating the IV-grade surrounding rock soft rock and the V-grade surrounding rock section by adopting a micro-step method; grabbing an arch center to lift and position to a design position by using a clamping structure of an arch center assembling machine, performing system anchor rod and foot locking anchor pipe construction by using an anchor rod trolley, performing concrete spraying construction by using a wet spraying manipulator, and performing inverted arch and inverted arch filling construction by using a movable inverted arch trestle; and the secondary lining is poured by adopting an integral hydraulic lining trolley. The advantage is that can improve construction speed.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a mechanized matching construction method for IV and V grade soft surrounding rock full sections and micro steps of a tunnel.
Background art:
in the prior tunnel construction, the III-grade surrounding rock excavation method is full-section excavation, and the IV-grade and V-grade surrounding rock excavation methods are step excavation, so that the defects of low construction efficiency and long construction period are overcome. The primary support arch centering is installed and positioned through manpower, installation deviation and speed are difficult to guarantee, and uncontrollable factors are more. The sprayed concrete is constructed by using a small-sized wet spraying machine or a double-nozzle wet spraying machine, the spraying angle and the nozzle distance are artificially controlled, and due to the influence of the operating environment, a large blind area often exists, so that the cavitation phenomenon is endless and the hidden danger is large.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mechanized matching construction method for IV and V grade soft surrounding rock full sections and micro steps of a tunnel, which has high construction efficiency and saves manpower.
The above object is achieved by:
advanced geological forecast → advance support → tunnel excavation (three-arm drill jumbo drilling, blasting and mucking) → preliminary support → inverted arch and inverted arch filling construction → waterproof plate laying and reinforcement installation → secondary lining concrete pouring.
1, advance geological forecast;
the advanced geological prediction scheme adopts prediction modes such as on-site geological sketch, geological radar, lengthened blast holes, advanced horizontal drilling, TSP geological advanced geological prediction and the like, comprehensively analyzes the surrounding rock situation in front of the face of the tunnel, more effectively judges the front geological situation, stably classifies the stability of the face of the tunnel, and provides accurate basis for on-site construction.
2, advance support;
the advanced support is constructed by adopting a phi 60 mm, phi 76 mm, phi 89 mm and phi 108 mm middle pipe shed, a three-arm rock drilling trolley is adopted for positioning and drilling, drilling construction is carried out on V-level surrounding rock or a geological complicated section by adopting pipe following operation, and grouting is carried out on the pipe shed by adopting a grouting machine.
And IV-grade surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a full-section method, wherein the length of a phi 60 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting phi 60 mm and phi 76 mm; excavating the compliant layer bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 76 mm and phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; the karst strongly-developed limestone section is excavated by adopting a micro-step method, and the length of the pipe shed in phi 89 is not less than 20 m.
V-level surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 76 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of the middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting a phi 89 mm; excavating the bedding bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the structural broken zone by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 108 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; and excavating the karst strongly-developed limestone section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of the pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed.
3, excavating a hole body:
excavating a IV-grade surrounding rock hard rock section by adopting a full-section method (including an inverted arch);
drilling holes by adopting a three-arm drilling jumbo, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, and forming a full section at one time. And (5) performing anchor spraying primary support. The slag is loaded by a loader or an excavator during slag discharge, and is transported by a dump truck with a waste gas purification device. And (4) lining the full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley.
Excavating and constructing procedures by a full section method (including an inverted arch);
(1) excavating an upper step; constructing primary support around the upper step, namely primary spraying concrete, erecting an arch wall steel frame (when a steel frame is available), laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(2) After lagging behind the upper step for a certain distance, the lower step is backfilled with the ballast to serve as a construction platform.
(3) And after the distance lags behind one end of the lower step, removing the lower step and backfilling.
(4) And (5) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation.
(5) And pouring the inverted arch to fill to the designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set.
(6) Cleaning the primary support base surface, and paving a plastic waterproof plate and geotextile on the arch wall between the primary support and the secondary lining. And a ring and a longitudinal water-permeable blind ditch are arranged at the back of the secondary lining. And (4) according to the analysis of the monitoring and measuring result, after the surrounding rock and the primary support deformation are basically stable, performing one-step lining (one-step construction of arch wall lining) by using a lining template trolley, and embedding a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe in the vault.
(7) And filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength.
Excavating the IV-grade surrounding rock soft rock and the V-grade surrounding rock section by adopting a micro-step method;
drilling holes by using a three-arm drilling jumbo, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, excavating and forming an upper section and a lower section at one time, and then constructing an inverted arch. And (5) performing anchor spraying primary support. The slag is loaded by a loader or an excavator during slag discharge, and is transported by a dump truck with a waste gas purification device. And (4) lining the full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley.
Excavating and constructing procedures by a micro-step method:
(1) excavating an upper step; and constructing primary support at the periphery of the upper step, namely, initially spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm, erecting a steel frame, laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(2) Excavating a lower step; and primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm on the side wall, erecting a steel frame, paving a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(3) After lagging the lower step by a distance, the inverted arch is excavated.
(4) And (5) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation.
(5) And pouring the inverted arch to fill to the designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set.
(6) Cleaning a primary support base surface, and paving an EVA waterproof plate and geotextile on an arch wall between the primary support and the secondary lining. And a ring and a longitudinal water-permeable blind ditch are arranged at the back of the secondary lining. And (4) according to the analysis of the monitoring and measuring result, after the surrounding rock and the primary support are basically stable in deformation, performing one-time grouting VI part lining (arch wall lining one-time construction) by using a lining template trolley, and embedding a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe in the vault.
(7) And filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength.
When the IV-level and V-level sections are constructed by adopting a micro-step method, the V level of each cycle of excavation supporting footage is not more than 1 steel frame, the IV level is not more than 2 steel frames, and the steel frame locking feet are required to be completed before the inverted arch is excavated. In the test process, the surrounding rock monitoring and measuring result is adjusted, and if the surrounding rock is stable, the excavation footage can be properly increased within a safety range.
The joint of each step steel frame is provided with two lock pin anchor pipes, and the lock pins are phi 42 steel flower pipes; each grade IV surrounding rock section is 4.5m long, and the grade V surrounding rock section is 6m long.
Blasting: according to the traditional process, air drills are adopted for construction, drilling depths, drilling numbers and drilling angles are mostly estimated according to personal experience, uncertain factors are increased, the over-excavation phenomenon is forbidden repeatedly, the three-arm drill jumbo realizes automatic operation, parameters such as the drilling numbers, the drilling angles and the drilling depths are automatically controlled through setting section parameters, the outline of an excavation face and the over-underexcavation are effectively controlled, each working arm automatically completes 5m deep drilling operation within 2 minutes, and the powder is charged by using an operation platform, so that the automation of the powder charging process is realized.
Mucking: the traditional loader is adopted for loading slag, the dump truck directly stops to the face for discharging slag, and the vehicle is staggered between the inverted arch and the face.
4. Primary support:
installing an arch frame: utilize the centre gripping structure of bow member erector to snatch the bow member, lift location to the design position, the angle of nimble adjustment steel bow member lifts the workman to certain height through operation platform and carries out functions such as bolted connection and welding operation, realizes that the bow member is installed fast.
Construction of anchor rods and locking feet: the anchor rod trolley is adopted to carry out construction of a system anchor rod and a locking anchor pipe (rod), functions of drilling, cushion plate installation, grouting and the like are achieved, and integrated construction is achieved.
And (3) concrete spraying construction: the wet spraying manipulator is used for spraying concrete, the spraying angle and pressure are manually and automatically controlled through a computer, consumed labor is reduced, the spraying efficiency is greatly improved, the rebound rate is effectively controlled, the sprayed concrete is guaranteed to be dense, and dust harm is reduced.
And primary spraying and sealing are carried out on surrounding rocks and a tunnel face before the arch center is installed, and secondary spraying is carried out after the arch center is installed.
5. Inverted arch and inverted arch filling construction
The 35m movable type inverted arch trestle is adopted for construction, the effective construction length is 24m, the inverted arch concrete is poured in time when the length is 12m in each cycle, and the initial support of the inverted arch is not more than 1 ring (12m) after the inverted arch concrete is poured.
Firstly, cleaning up ballast and sundries of an inverted arch; then, installing inverted arch steel bars, wherein the main steel bars are HRB400 phi 20 mm steel bars, and the distance between the main steel bars is 20 cm; installing an inverted arch abdominal mold and a water stop belt, pouring inverted arch concrete after the inverted arch abdominal mold and the water stop belt are qualified through the inspection and acceptance of hidden projects, and reinforcing vibration in the concrete pouring process; and after the inverted arch reaches the condition of form removal, removing the inverted arch cover form, and pouring inverted arch filling concrete.
6. Constructing a second lining;
the second lining is poured by a 12m integral hydraulic lining trolley, the waterproof plate leads the second lining steel bar 1 ring (12m), and the second lining steel bar leads the second lining concrete 1 ring (12 m); the synchronous propulsion of waterproof board hanging, steel bar installation and secondary lining pouring is ensured; the second lining steel bars are pre-bent in a steel structure processing plant in advance and then transported to the site for installation, and the steel bars are bound for connection; in the secondary lining concrete pouring construction, concrete vibration needs to be enhanced, and the concrete pouring quality is strictly controlled; and after the concrete pouring is finished, timely watering and maintaining, wherein the maintaining time is not less than 14 d.
The invention has the advantages that: the adjacent working procedures can be operated in parallel, so that the construction speed is improved; the mechanized construction can save manpower, improve the operation precision and ensure the engineering quality.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
1, advance geological forecast;
the advanced geological prediction scheme adopts prediction modes such as on-site geological sketch, geological radar, lengthened blast holes, advanced horizontal drilling, TSP geological advanced geological prediction and the like, comprehensively analyzes the surrounding rock situation in front of the face of the tunnel, more effectively judges the front geological situation, stably classifies the stability of the face of the tunnel, and provides accurate basis for on-site construction.
2, advance support;
the advanced support is constructed by adopting a phi 60 mm, phi 76 mm, phi 89 mm and phi 108 mm middle pipe shed, a three-arm rock drilling trolley is adopted for positioning and drilling, drilling construction is carried out on V-level surrounding rock or a geological complicated section by adopting pipe following operation, and grouting is carried out on the pipe shed by adopting a grouting machine.
And IV-grade surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a full-section method, wherein the length of a phi 60 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting phi 60 mm and phi 76 mm; excavating the compliant layer bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 76 mm and phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; the karst strongly-developed limestone section is excavated by adopting a micro-step method, and the length of the pipe shed in phi 89 is not less than 20 m.
V-level surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 76 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of the middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting a phi 89 mm; excavating the bedding bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the structural broken zone by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 108 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; and excavating the karst strongly-developed limestone section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of the pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed.
3, excavating a hole body:
excavating a IV-grade surrounding rock hard rock section by adopting a full-section method (including an inverted arch);
drilling holes by using a three-arm drilling jumbo, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, and forming the full section at one time. And (5) performing anchor spraying primary support. The slag is loaded by a loader or an excavator during slag discharge, and is transported by a dump truck with a waste gas purification device. And (4) lining the full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley.
Excavating and constructing procedures by a full section method (including an inverted arch);
(1) excavating an upper step; constructing primary support around the upper step, namely primary spraying concrete, erecting an arch wall steel frame (when a steel frame is available), laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(2) After lagging behind the upper step for a certain distance, the lower step is backfilled with the ballast to serve as a construction platform.
(3) And after the distance lags behind one end of the lower step, removing the lower step and backfilling.
(4) And (5) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation.
(5) And pouring the inverted arch to fill to the designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set.
(6) Cleaning the primary support base surface, and paving a plastic waterproof plate and geotextile on the arch wall between the primary support and the secondary lining. And a ring and a longitudinal water-permeable blind ditch are arranged at the back of the secondary lining. And (4) according to the analysis of the monitoring and measuring result, after the surrounding rock and the primary support deformation are basically stable, performing one-step lining (one-step construction of arch wall lining) by using a lining template trolley, and embedding a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe in the vault.
(7) And filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength.
Excavating the IV-grade surrounding rock soft rock and the V-grade surrounding rock section by adopting a micro-step method;
drilling holes by using a three-arm drilling jumbo, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, excavating and forming an upper section and a lower section at one time, and then constructing an inverted arch. And (5) performing anchor spraying primary support. The slag is loaded by a loader or an excavator during slag discharge, and is transported by a dump truck with a waste gas purification device. And (4) lining the full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley.
Excavating and constructing procedures by a micro-step method:
(1) excavating an upper step; and constructing primary support at the periphery of the upper step, namely, initially spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm, erecting a steel frame, laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(2) Excavating a lower step; and primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm on the side wall, erecting a steel frame, paving a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod.
(3) After lagging the lower step by a distance, the inverted arch is excavated.
(4) And (5) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation.
(5) And pouring the inverted arch to fill to the designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set.
(6) Cleaning a primary support base surface, and paving an EVA waterproof plate and geotextile on an arch wall between the primary support and the secondary lining. And a ring and a longitudinal water-permeable blind ditch are arranged at the back of the secondary lining. And (4) according to the analysis of the monitoring and measuring result, after the surrounding rock and the primary support are basically stable in deformation, performing one-time grouting VI part lining (arch wall lining one-time construction) by using a lining template trolley, and embedding a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe in the vault.
(7) And filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength.
When the IV-level and V-level sections are constructed by adopting a micro-step method, the V level of each cycle of excavation supporting footage is not more than 1 steel frame, the IV level is not more than 2 steel frames, and the steel frame locking feet are required to be completed before the inverted arch is excavated. In the test process, the surrounding rock monitoring and measuring result is adjusted, and if the surrounding rock is stable, the excavation footage can be properly increased within a safety range.
The joint of each step steel frame is provided with two lock pin anchor pipes, and the lock pins are phi 42 steel flower pipes; each grade IV surrounding rock section is 4.5m long, and the grade V surrounding rock section is 6m long.
Blasting: according to the traditional process, the air drill is adopted for construction, the drilling depth, the drilling number and the drilling angle are mostly estimated by personal experience, uncertain factors are increased, the over-excavation phenomenon is forbidden, the three-arm drill jumbo realizes automatic operation, the parameters such as the drilling number, the drilling angle and the drilling depth are automatically controlled by setting section parameters, the outline of an excavation surface and the over-underexcavation are effectively controlled, the deep drilling operation of 5m is automatically completed within 2 minutes by each working arm, the powder is charged by using an operation platform, and the automation of the powder charging process is realized.
Mucking: the traditional loader is adopted for loading slag, the dump truck directly stops to the face for discharging slag, and the vehicle is staggered between the inverted arch and the face.
4. Primary support:
installing an arch frame: the clamping structure of the arch assembling machine is utilized to grab the arch, the steel arch is lifted and positioned to the designed position, the angle of the steel arch is flexibly adjusted, and the operating platform lifts workers to a certain height to perform functions of bolt connection, welding operation and the like, so that the arch is rapidly installed.
Construction of anchor rods and locking feet: the anchor rod trolley is adopted to carry out construction of a system anchor rod and a locking anchor pipe (rod), functions of drilling, cushion plate installation, grouting and the like are achieved, and integrated construction is achieved.
And (3) concrete spraying construction: the wet spraying manipulator is used for spraying concrete, the spraying angle and pressure are manually and automatically controlled through a computer, consumed labor is reduced, the spraying efficiency is greatly improved, the rebound rate is effectively controlled, the sprayed concrete is guaranteed to be dense, and dust harm is reduced.
And primary spraying and sealing are carried out on surrounding rocks and a tunnel face before the arch center is installed, and secondary spraying is carried out after the arch center is installed.
5. Inverted arch and inverted arch filling construction
The 35m movable type inverted arch trestle is adopted for construction, the effective construction length is 24m, the inverted arch concrete is poured in time when the length is 12m in each cycle, and the initial support of the inverted arch is not more than 1 ring (12m) after the inverted arch concrete is poured.
Firstly, cleaning up ballast and sundries of an inverted arch; then, installing inverted arch steel bars, wherein the main steel bars are HRB400 phi 20 mm steel bars, and the distance between the main steel bars is 20 cm; installing an inverted arch abdominal mold and a water stop belt, pouring inverted arch concrete after acceptance, and reinforcing vibration in the concrete pouring process; and after the inverted arch reaches the condition of form removal, removing the inverted arch cover form, and pouring inverted arch filling concrete.
6. Constructing a second lining;
the second lining is poured by a 12m integral hydraulic lining trolley, the waterproof plate leads the second lining steel bar 1 ring (12m), and the second lining steel bar leads the second lining concrete 1 ring (12 m); the waterproof board is hung, the steel bar is installed, and the two linings are poured and pushed synchronously; the second lining steel bars are pre-bent in a steel structure processing plant in advance and then transported to the site for installation, and the steel bars are bound for connection; in the secondary lining concrete pouring construction, concrete vibration needs to be enhanced, and the concrete pouring quality is strictly controlled; and after the concrete pouring is finished, timely watering and maintaining, wherein the maintaining time is not less than 14 d.
Claims (1)
1. The tunnel IV and V level weak surrounding rock full section and micro-step mechanical matching construction method is characterized in that:
firstly, advance geological forecast;
the advanced geological prediction scheme adopts the prediction modes of on-site geological sketch, geological radar, lengthened blast holes, advanced horizontal drilling and TSP geological advanced geological prediction to comprehensively analyze the surrounding rock situation in front of the tunnel face, more effectively judge the front geological situation, make stability classification on the tunnel face and provide accurate basis for on-site construction;
secondly, advance support;
the advanced support is constructed by adopting a phi 60 mm, phi 76 mm, phi 89 mm and phi 108 mm middle pipe shed, a three-arm rock drilling trolley is adopted for positioning and drilling, drilling construction is carried out on V-level surrounding rock or a geological complicated section by adopting pipe following operation, and grouting is carried out on the pipe shed by adopting a grouting machine;
and IV-grade surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a full-section method, wherein the length of a phi 60 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting phi 60 mm and phi 76 mm; excavating the bedding bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting phi 76 mm and phi 89 mm; excavating a karst strongly-developed limestone section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m;
v-level surrounding rock section:
excavating the hard rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 76 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the soft rock section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of the middle pipe shed is not less than 20m by adopting a phi 89 mm; excavating the bedding bias deformation section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating the structural broken zone by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 108 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m; excavating a karst strongly-developed limestone section by adopting a micro-step method, wherein the length of a phi 89 mm middle pipe shed is not less than 20 m;
thirdly, excavating a hole body:
excavating a IV-grade surrounding rock hard rock section by adopting a full-section method;
drilling holes by adopting a three-arm drilling jumbo, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, and forming a full section at one time; performing anchor spraying primary support, loading slag in a loader or an excavator, conveying the slag by a dump truck, and lining by a full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley;
excavating and constructing working procedures by a full section method;
(1) excavating an upper step; constructing primary support around the upper step, namely primary spraying concrete, erecting an arch wall steel frame, laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod;
(2) after lagging behind the upper step for a certain distance, the lower step is backfilled with the ballast to serve as a construction platform;
(3) after lagging behind one end distance of the lower step, removing the backfill of the lower step;
(4) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation;
(5) pouring an inverted arch to fill to a designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set;
(6) cleaning a primary support base surface, and paving a plastic waterproof plate and geotextile on an arch wall between a primary support and a secondary lining; a ring and a longitudinal water-permeable blind ditch are arranged at the back of the secondary lining; according to the analysis of the monitoring and measuring result, after the surrounding rock and the primary support are basically stabilized, the lining is poured at one time by using a lining template trolley, and a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe are pre-buried in the vault;
(7) filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength;
excavating the IV-grade surrounding rock soft rock and the V-grade surrounding rock section by adopting a micro-step method;
drilling holes by using a three-arm rock drilling trolley, detonating a non-electric millisecond detonator, excavating and forming an upper section and a lower section at one time, then constructing an inverted arch, performing anchor spraying primary support, loading slag by using a loader or an excavator after slag discharge, conveying the slag by using a dump truck, and lining by using a full-section hydraulic lining steel mould trolley;
excavating and constructing procedures by a micro-step method:
(1) excavating an upper step; constructing primary support around the upper step, namely, initially spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm, erecting a steel frame, laying a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod;
(2) excavating a lower step; primarily spraying concrete with the thickness of 4cm on the side wall, erecting a steel frame, paving a reinforcing mesh, spraying the concrete again to the designed thickness, and drilling a radial anchor rod;
(3) excavating an inverted arch after lagging behind the lower step for a certain distance;
(4) pouring an inverted arch and a side wall foundation;
(5) pouring an inverted arch to fill to a designed height after the inverted arch concrete is initially set;
(6) cleaning a primary support base surface, paving an EVA waterproof plate and geotextile on an arch wall between the primary support and a secondary lining, arranging a ring and a longitudinal permeable blind ditch at the back of the secondary lining, analyzing according to a monitoring and measuring result, performing one-time grouting for VI part lining by using a lining template trolley after the deformation of surrounding rocks and the primary support is basically stable, and pre-burying a PVC grouting pipe and a longitudinal exhaust pipe on the arch crown;
(7) filling and grouting after the concrete reaches the designed strength;
when IV and V-level sections are constructed by adopting a micro-step method, the V level of each cycle excavation supporting footage is not more than 1 steel frame, the IV level is not more than 2 steel frames, and a steel frame locking foot must be completed before the inverted arch is excavated;
each step steel frame joint is provided with two foot-locking anchor pipes, and the foot-locking adopts a phi 42 mm steel flower pipe; each IV-level surrounding rock section is 4.5m long, and the V-level surrounding rock section is 6m long;
blasting: the three-arm rock drilling jumbo realizes automatic operation, realizes automatic control of drilling quantity, angle and depth parameters through setting of section parameters, effectively controls the outline of an excavation surface and overbreak, automatically completes 5m deep drilling operation within 2 minutes for each working arm, and charges by using an operation platform to charge, thereby realizing automation of a charging process;
mucking: loading slag by adopting a traditional loader, directly stopping the dump truck to the face for discharging the slag, and staggering between the inverted arch and the face;
fourthly, primary support:
installing an arch frame: grabbing the arch centering by using a clamping structure of the arch centering assembling machine, lifting and positioning to a design position, flexibly adjusting the angle of the steel arch centering, lifting workers to a certain height through an operation platform to perform bolt connection and welding operation, and realizing quick installation of the arch centering;
construction of anchor rods and locking feet: the anchor rod trolley is adopted to carry out construction on a system anchor rod and a lock pin anchor pipe, and the functions of drilling, cushion plate installation and grouting are realized;
and (3) concrete spraying construction: carrying out concrete spraying construction by utilizing a wet spraying manipulator;
primary spraying and sealing are carried out on surrounding rocks and a tunnel face before the arch center is installed, and secondary spraying is carried out after the arch center is installed;
fifthly, filling construction of an inverted arch and the inverted arch;
adopting 35m movable invert trestle construction, having an effective construction length of 24m and a casting length of 12m in each cycle, timely casting invert concrete, and keeping the initial support of the invert concrete not more than 1 ring (12m) after the invert concrete is cast;
firstly, cleaning up the ballast and sundries of an inverted arch; then, mounting inverted arch steel bars, wherein the main steel bars are HRB400 phi 20 mm steel bars, and the distance is 20 cm; installing an inverted arch abdominal mold and a water stop belt, and pouring inverted arch concrete, wherein in the concrete pouring process, vibration is reinforced; after the inverted arch reaches the condition of removing the formwork, removing the inverted arch covering formwork, and pouring inverted arch filling concrete;
constructing a sixth lining and a second lining;
the second lining is poured by a 12m integral hydraulic lining trolley, the waterproof plate leads the second lining steel bar 1 ring (12m), and the second lining steel bar leads the second lining concrete 1 ring (12 m); the waterproof board is hung, the steel bar is installed, and the two linings are poured and pushed synchronously; pre-bending the second lining steel bar, and then transporting the steel bar to a field for installation, wherein the steel bar connection adopts binding; in the secondary lining concrete pouring construction, concrete vibration needs to be enhanced, and the concrete pouring quality is strictly controlled; and after the concrete pouring is finished, timely watering and maintaining, wherein the maintaining time is not less than 14 d.
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| CN112431597A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-03-02 | 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司 | Single-process construction method for monoclinic structure bedding bias soft rock large-deformation tunnel |
| CN112696200A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-23 | 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司 | Soft rock large-section tunnel micro-step excavation method |
| CN112832781A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-05-25 | 中铁二十五局集团第五工程有限公司 | Tunnel construction process |
| CN113137235B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-01-31 | 中铁十六局集团第二工程有限公司 | Construction method of high-ground-stress soft rock extrusion large-deformation tunnel |
| CN113279814B (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2023-04-18 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | Inverted arch dismantling and replacing construction method for bottom bulging section of high-speed rail tunnel |
| CN113530554B (en) * | 2021-06-25 | 2022-06-10 | 中铁十一局集团汉江重工有限公司 | Full-section construction process based on tunnel excavation and support integrated trolley |
| CN113323672A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-08-31 | 中铁十局集团有限公司 | Large-scale mechanized drilling, blasting, excavating and quick construction method for hard rock large-span tunnel |
| CN113464147B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-08-23 | 中铁五局集团成都工程有限责任公司 | Construction method of soft rock large-span and variable-section tunnel |
| CN113931637A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-14 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | Shallow-buried water-rich softer rock tunnel construction method |
| CN114183172A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-03-15 | 中铁十六局集团第三工程有限公司 | Large-deformation tunnel construction method based on safety step |
| CN114233304B (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-08-12 | 西南交通大学 | Full-mechanized construction method for soft rock tunnel |
| CN114348577B (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2024-04-12 | 中交二公局东萌工程有限公司 | Tunnel top suspension device for tunnel TBM continuous belt conveyor and construction method thereof |
| CN114483050B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2024-04-23 | 中国国家铁路集团有限公司 | Three-step full-procedure mechanized construction method for large-section tunnel |
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| JP4687986B2 (en) * | 2006-10-03 | 2011-05-25 | 清水建設株式会社 | Construction method of large section tunnel |
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