CN111996557A - Method for centralized pole changing and continuous pole resting of aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Method for centralized pole changing and continuous pole resting of aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a method for intensively replacing an anode and continuously resting the anode in the production process of an aluminum electrolysis cell. A method for centralized pole changing and continuous pole resting of an aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that a normal production pole changing cycle of the electrolytic cell is divided into 1-8 small cycles, each small cycle consists of a centralized pole changing period and a continuous pole resting period, the number of days of the continuous pole resting period in each small cycle is larger than the number of days of the centralized pole changing period, and the number of days of the production pole changing cycle = the number of times of the small cycle (the number of days of the centralized pole changing period + the number of days of the continuous pole resting period). The invention has the advantages and effects that: the invention concentrates the replacement of the anode in a short time as much as possible to create continuous long-time dead time, can greatly reduce the interference frequency of the anode replacement on the electrolytic cell, improves the time of efficient and stable production in the dead time, and is beneficial to improving the current efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of aluminum per ton.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and particularly relates to a method for intensively replacing an anode and continuously resting the anode in the production process of an aluminum electrolysis cell.
Background
Aluminum electrolysis cells are the core equipment of the electrolytic aluminum industry. Due to the structural and technological characteristics of the electrolytic cell, anode replacement is required periodically to maintain continuous production of aluminum electrolysis, a process known as pole replacement.
The modern aluminum electrolysis industry adopts a distributed pole changing strategy, for example, a 500kA electrolytic cell of an enterprise changes 24 groups (48) of anodes within 32 days, changes one group (2) every day, and stops for 1 day after 3 days of continuous change. Each pole change will cause huge impact on the thermal balance of the electrolytic cell and the stability of the magnetic fluid, and the following problems exist: firstly, the anode in a room temperature state can cause great impact on the heat balance of the electrolytic cell, and the new anode replacement can be gradually recovered to the electrolysis temperature after 16-28 hours of heating; secondly, after the newly replaced anode is immersed in the electrolyte, a layer of insulating solidified electrolyte is wrapped on the surface of the anode, huge horizontal current is formed in aluminum liquid, so that the stability of the magnetic fluid of the electrolytic cell is damaged instantaneously, and the anode current can be recovered to 80% of the normal value after 16-28 hours. Therefore, the impact of pole changing on the steady-state operation of the electrolytic cell is large, the maintenance time is long, and the loss of current efficiency is caused.
In conclusion, how to reduce the interference of pole changing on stable production of aluminum electrolysis and improve the pole changing process is still a technical problem of further improving the current efficiency of aluminum electrolysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for centralized pole changing and continuous pole resting of an aluminum electrolytic cell, aiming at solving the technical problems that the operation is convenient, the maintenance is reliable, and the pole changing interference can be greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for the centralized pole changing and the continuous pole resting of an aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the normal production pole changing cycle of the electrolytic cell is divided into 1-8 small cycles, each small cycle consists of a centralized pole changing period and a continuous pole resting period, the number of days of the continuous pole resting period in each small cycle is more than the number of days of the centralized pole changing period, and the number of days of the production pole changing cycle = the number of times of the small cycles (the number of days of the centralized pole changing period + the number of days of the continuous pole resting period).
The low-energy-consumption high-efficiency stable production is carried out by setting a low polar distance and a low voltage in the continuous pole-down period; during the pole break period, the operation of homogenizing the anode pole distance can be matched, and the uniform anode pole distance can be quickly established.
The centralized pole changing period refers to that anodes are changed for a plurality of times simultaneously or within a period of time, and 1 or more than 2 anodes are changed each time.
And when the concentrated pole changing period is used for carrying out anode changing operation for 1 or more than one anode for each time for multiple times, determining the appropriate pole changing additional voltage.
The anode replacement frequency of the concentrated pole replacement period is that when the electrolyte temperature is basically recovered to the level before pole replacement, the next anode replacement operation is carried out, the anode used for the anode replacement operation in the concentrated pole replacement period is the anode in the normal temperature state or the preheated hot anode, and the anode used for the anode replacement operation in the concentrated pole replacement period is concentrated in one shift for pole replacement or is dispersed in a plurality of shifts for pole replacement.
The number of the small periods is determined according to the temperature state of the new pole, the higher the temperature of the new pole is, the more concentrated the pole changing is, and the longer the time for continuously resting the pole is.
When the temperature of the new electrode is normal temperature to 200 ℃, the small period is 4-8; when the new electrode temperature is 200-600 ℃, the small period is 2-4; the time of the new pole temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the small period is 1-2.
The working voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is corrected along with the addition of the anodes every day, and the working voltage of the pole holiday period is corrected along with the consumption of the anodes every day.
The working voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is gradually increased along with the addition of the anode every day, and the increasing amplitude is equal to the increasing value of the anode resistance so as to keep the pole distance constant.
The working voltage of the electrolytic cell in the continuous dead-time period is reduced every day along with the consumption of the anode, and the reduction amplitude is equal to the reduction value of the anode resistance so as to keep the electrode distance constant.
The invention has the advantages and effects that: the invention concentrates the replacement of the anode in a short time as much as possible to create continuous long-time dead time, can greatly reduce the interference frequency of the anode replacement on the electrolytic cell, improves the time of efficient and stable production in the dead time, and is beneficial to improving the current efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of aluminum per ton.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the change of the anode resistance after the anode is changed at normal temperature for 3 days and the mode voltage is changed continuously for 5 days.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the anode resistance change without modification after changing the normal temperature anode for 3 days + continuous rest for 5 days.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the voltage-electrolyte preheating in advance in the mode of changing the anode at normal temperature in a concentrated manner for 3 days + continuously stopping the anode for 5 days.
FIG. 4 is a voltmeter showing a mode of changing the anode at normal temperature in a centralized manner for 3 days + continuously resting the anode for 5 days.
FIG. 5 is a voltage meter with 2 days of anode preheating by centralized replacement and 14 days of continuous anode off.
FIG. 6 is a voltage meter of 1 day + 31 days of continuous rest mode for concentrated anode preheating.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for the concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention is exemplified by 48 anode electrolysis cells, wherein 2 anodes are 1 group, and the service life of the anode is 32 days.
The normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell is divided into 4 small periods within 32 days, each small period comprises a concentrated pole changing period of 3 days and a continuous pole breaking period of 5 days, 2 groups of anodes are replaced one shift each day in the concentrated pole changing period, and then low-energy-consumption efficient and stable production with lower voltage and lower pole distance is carried out in the pole breaking period within 5 days.
The replaced anode is a normal-temperature anode, and the temperature is the ambient temperature.
The working voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is corrected along with the addition of the anodes every day, and the working voltage of the pole holiday period is corrected along with the consumption of the anodes every day.
The working voltage of the last day of the dead period of the electrolytic cell is 3.835V.
After the pole changing period, 2 groups of anodes are changed one shift every day, the working voltage is increased by 10mV according to the addition of the anodes before pole changing every time, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The working voltage of 3.835V on the first day, and 2 groups of anodes are changed simultaneously, the additional voltage of pole changing is applied, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +150 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +100 mV for 240 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +50 mV for 240 minutes;
the working voltage of the next day is 3.845V, simultaneously 2 groups of anodes are changed, the voltage is added in the pole changing process, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +150 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +100 mV for 240 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +50 mV for 240 minutes;
the working voltage of the third day is 3.855V, 2 groups of anodes are changed simultaneously, the additional voltage of the anode is changed, the first stage of the voltage changing is to raise the voltage by +150 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is reduced to +100 mV for 240 minutes, and the third stage is reduced to +50 mV for 240 minutes;
after entering the pole-off period, the cell voltage is reduced by 5mV every day according to the consumption of the anode voltage, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The working voltage for the first day is 3.855V, the working voltage for the second day is 3.850V, the working voltage for the third day is 3.845V, the working voltage for the fourth day is 3.840V and the working voltage for the fifth day is 3.835V.
The ninth day a new pole change period of a small cycle is started.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the operating voltages during the concentrated commutation period and the rest period are not modified with the addition or consumption of the anode.
The working voltage of the electrolytic bath during the electrode failure period and the electrode changing period is 3.845V.
Each application of pole-changing additional voltage the first stage was a voltage increase of +150 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage was a decrease to +100 mV for 240 minutes, and the third stage was a further decrease to +50 mV for 240 minutes.
The ninth day a new pole change period of a small cycle is started. Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Example 3
As shown in FIG. 3, the method for the concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention is exemplified by 48 anode electrolysis cells, wherein 2 anodes are 1 group, and the service life of the anode is 32 days. The normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell is divided into 4 small periods within 32 days, each small period comprises a concentrated pole changing period of 3 days and a continuous pole breaking period of 5 days, 2 groups of anodes are replaced one shift each day in the concentrated pole changing period, and then low-energy-consumption efficient and stable production with lower voltage and lower pole distance is carried out in the pole breaking period within 5 days.
The replaced new anode is the anode with the temperature of 150 ℃.
The working voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is corrected along with the addition of the anodes every day, and the working voltage of the pole holiday period is corrected along with the consumption of the anodes every day.
The working voltage of the last day of the dead pole period of the electrolytic cell is 3.835V, and the voltage is increased to 3.839V for electrolyte preheating 6 hours before pole changing.
After the pole changing period, 2 groups of anodes are changed every day, the working voltage is increased by 10mV according to the addition of the anodes before pole changing every time, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The working voltage of 3.839V on the first day, simultaneously changing 2 groups of anodes, applying additional voltage for pole changing, wherein the first stage is to raise the voltage by +120 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +80 mV for 300 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +40 mV for 360 minutes;
the working voltage of the next day is 3.849V, the first stage of pole changing additional voltage is that the voltage is raised by +120 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is reduced to +80 mV for 300 minutes, and the third stage is reduced to +40 mV for 360 minutes;
the working voltage is 3.859V on the third day, the first stage of pole changing additional voltage is to raise the voltage by +120 mV for 240 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +80 mV for 300 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +40 mV for 360 minutes;
after entering the pole-off period, the cell voltage is reduced by 5mV every day according to the consumption of the anode voltage, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The voltage is reduced to 3.854V in the first day, the working voltage is 3.849V in the second day, the working voltage is 3.844V in the third day, the working voltage is 3.839V in the fourth day, the working voltage is 3.834V in the fifth day, and the voltage is increased to 3.839V in 6 hours before pole changing.
The ninth day a new pole change period of a small cycle is started.
Example 4
As shown in FIG. 4, the method for the concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention is exemplified by 48 anode electrolysis cells, wherein 2 anodes are 1 group, and the service life of the anode is 32 days. Dividing the normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell into 4 small periods, wherein each small period comprises a concentrated pole changing period of 3 days and a continuous pole failure period of 5 days, 1 group of anodes are changed in the concentrated pole changing period each time, and the interval between two pole changing periods is 12 hours. Low-energy consumption, high-efficiency and stable production with low voltage and low polar distance is carried out in the pole break period within 5 days.
The replaced anode is a normal-temperature anode, and the temperature is the ambient temperature.
The working voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is corrected along with the addition of the anodes every day, and the working voltage of the pole holiday period is corrected along with the consumption of the anodes every day.
The working voltage of the last day of the dead period of the electrolytic cell is 3.835V.
After the pole changing period, 2 groups of anodes are changed every day, 1 group of anodes are changed every time, the interval between two pole changing periods is 12 hours, the working voltage is increased by 10mV according to the addition of the anodes before pole changing every day, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The working voltage of the first day is 3.835V, the 1 st group of anodes are replaced, the additional voltage for replacing the anodes is applied, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +120 mV for 120 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +80 mV for 180 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +40 mV for 240 minutes; the anodes of group 2 were changed after 12 hours of changing the first group, and the additional voltage was applied for changing the poles in the first phase of raising the voltage by +150 mV for 120 minutes, in the second phase of lowering to +100 mV for 120 minutes, and in the third phase of lowering to +50 mV for 120 minutes.
The working voltage of the next day is 3.845V, the anode of the group 1 is changed first, the additional voltage for pole changing is applied, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +150 mV and keep the voltage for 120 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +100 mV and keep the voltage for 120 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +50 mV and keep the voltage for 120 minutes; the anodes of group 2 were changed after 12 hours of changing the first group, and the additional voltage was applied for changing the poles in the first phase of raising the voltage by +150 mV for 120 minutes, in the second phase of lowering to +100 mV for 120 minutes, and in the third phase of lowering to +50 mV for 120 minutes.
The working voltage of the third day is 3.855V, the anode of the group 1 is changed first, the additional voltage of pole changing is applied, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +150 mV for 120 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +100 mV for 120 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +50 mV for 120 minutes; the anodes of group 2 were changed after 12 hours of changing the first group, and the additional voltage was applied for changing the poles in the first phase of raising the voltage by +150 mV for 120 minutes, in the second phase of lowering to +100 mV for 120 minutes, and in the third phase of lowering to +50 mV for 120 minutes.
After entering the pole-off period, the cell voltage is reduced by 5mV every day according to the consumption of the anode voltage, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The working voltage for the first day is 3.855V, the working voltage for the second day is 3.850V, the working voltage for the third day is 3.845V, the working voltage for the fourth day is 3.840V and the working voltage for the fifth day is 3.835V.
The ninth day a new pole change period of a small cycle is started.
Example 5
As shown in FIG. 5, the method for the concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the present invention is exemplified by 48 anode electrolysis cells, wherein 2 anodes are 1 group, and the service life of the anode is 32 days. Dividing the normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell into 2 small periods within 32 days, wherein each small period comprises a concentrated pole changing period of 2 days and a continuous pole breaking period of 14 days, carrying out concentrated pole changing operation of 6 groups of anodes every day in the concentrated pole changing period, changing 2 groups every shift and 3 shifts every shift, and then carrying out low-voltage and low-pole-distance low-energy-consumption efficient and stable production in the pole breaking period within 14 days.
The anode was preheated to 500 c in an anode heating chamber.
The working voltage of the last day of the dead period of the electrolytic cell is 3.735V.
After the pole changing period, 6 groups of anodes are changed every day, 2 groups are changed every shift, 3 shifts are carried out every day, the working voltage is increased by 14mV according to the addition of the anodes before pole changing every time, and the pole distance is kept constant.
Additional voltage for pole changing is applied for each pole changing, the first stage is to raise the voltage by +150 mV for 60 minutes, the second stage is to lower the voltage to +100 mV for 120 minutes, and the third stage is to lower the voltage to +50 mV for 180 minutes.
After entering the pole-off period, the cell voltage is reduced by 5mV every day according to the consumption of the anode voltage, and the pole distance is kept constant.
The voltage is reduced to 3.800V on the first day, 3.795V on the second day and 3.790V on the third day, and then is reduced to 3.735V on the fourteenth day.
The seventeenth day begins a new pole change period of a small cycle.
Example 6
As shown in FIG. 6, the method for the concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the invention is to use 40 anode electrolysis cells, wherein 2 anodes are called as 1 group, and the service life of the anodes is 32 days. Taking a normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell for 32 days as 1 period, comprising a concentrated pole changing period of 1 day and a continuous pole break period of 31 days, carrying out concentrated pole changing operation of 20 groups of anodes in the concentrated pole changing period, carrying out concentrated pole changing operation of 3 shifts a day, carrying out concentrated pole changing operation of 7 groups in the first shift, carrying out concentrated pole changing operation of 7 groups in the second shift, carrying out stable production of low voltage and pole distance in the pole break period within 31 days.
The anode was preheated to 900 ℃ in an anode heating chamber.
The working voltage of the last day of the dead period of the electrolytic cell is 3.703V.
The working voltage of the pole changing period is 3.703V, the pole changing additional voltage is applied to +220mV, and the voltage is maintained for 24 hours;
during the non-steady state period, the voltage is reduced to 3.853V on the first day, the working voltage is reduced to 3.848V on the second day and the working voltage is reduced to 3.843V on the third day, and then the working voltages are reduced to 3.703V on the thirty-first day.
The thirty-third day begins the pole change period of the new cycle.
Example 7
The normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell in example 1 was 32 days as 8 small periods each including a concentrated pole changing period of 1 day and a continuous pole-off period of 3 days, and concentrated replacement work of 3 groups of anodes was performed in one concentrated pole changing period, 3 shifts a day, one group for each shift.
The anode was preheated to 200 ℃ in an anode heating chamber. Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 1 was repeated.
Example 8
In example 5, the normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell is divided into 4 small periods within 32 days, each small period comprises a concentrated pole changing period of 1 day and a continuous pole-off period of 7 days, concentrated replacement operation of 6 groups of anodes is carried out in the concentrated pole changing period every day, 3 groups of anodes are replaced every shift, 2 shifts are carried out every shift, and then low-voltage and low-pole-distance low-energy-consumption efficient and stable production is carried out in the pole-off period within 7 days.
The anode was preheated to 600 ℃ in an anode heating chamber. Otherwise, the same procedure as in example 5 was repeated.
Example 9
The 40-piece anode cell of example 6, in which 2 anodes were designated as 1 group and replaced simultaneously, had an anode life of 32 days. The normal production pole changing period of the electrolytic cell is 32 days as 2 small periods, including 2 days of concentrated pole changing period and 14 days of continuous pole break period, the concentrated pole changing operation of 10 groups of anodes is carried out in the concentrated pole changing period, 3 shifts are carried out in one day, 2 groups are carried out in the first shift, 2 groups are carried out in the second shift, 1 group is carried out in the third shift, and then the stable production with low voltage and low pole distance is carried out in the pole break period within 14 days.
The anode was preheated to 700 c in an anode heating chamber. The rest is the same as example 6.
Claims (10)
1. A method for centralized pole changing and continuous pole resting of an aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that a normal production pole changing cycle of the electrolytic cell is divided into 1-8 small cycles, each small cycle consists of a centralized pole changing period and a continuous pole resting period, the number of days of the continuous pole resting period in each small cycle is larger than the number of days of the centralized pole changing period, and the number of days of the production pole changing cycle = the number of times of the small cycle (the number of days of the centralized pole changing period + the number of days of the continuous pole resting period).
2. The method for the centralized pole changing and the continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolysis cell as recited in claim 1, wherein the low energy consumption high-efficiency stable production is carried out by setting a lower pole distance and a lower voltage during the continuous pole resting period; and the uniform anode polar distance is quickly established by matching with the operation of homogenizing the anode polar distance in the pole break period.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentrated pole changing period is a plurality of anode changes, each time changing 1 or more anodes.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the additional voltage for changing the anode is determined for 1 or more anodes for several times during the concentrated pole changing period.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the frequency of the concentrated pole changing is the next anode changing operation when the electrolyte temperature is substantially restored to the level before pole changing, the anodes used in the concentrated pole changing operation are the anodes at normal temperature or the preheated hot anodes, and the anodes used in the concentrated pole changing operation are concentrated in one shift or distributed in a plurality of shifts for pole changing.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the number of the small periods is determined according to the temperature state of the new electrode, and the more concentrated the electrode changing and the longer the continuous electrode resting time are the higher the temperature of the new electrode is.
7. The method for the concentrated pole changing and the continuous pole resting of the aluminum electrolytic cell as recited in claim 6, wherein the new pole temperature is normal temperature to 200 ℃, and the small period is 4 to 8; when the new electrode temperature is 200-600 ℃, the small period is 2-4; the time of the new pole temperature is 600-900 ℃, and the small period is 1-2.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is modified with the addition of the anodes every day, and the operating voltage of the pole falling period is modified with the consumption of the anodes every day.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the operating voltage of the concentrated pole changing period is gradually increased with the addition of the anode every day, and the increase is equal to the increase of the anode resistance, so as to keep the pole pitch constant.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the method comprises the step of performing concentrated pole changing and continuous pole resting on the aluminum electrolysis cell
The working voltage of the electrolytic cell in the continuous dead-time period is reduced every day along with the consumption of the anode, and the reduction amplitude is equal to the reduction value of the anode resistance so as to keep the polar distance constant.
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