CN111996553A - Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111996553A CN111996553A CN202011002122.6A CN202011002122A CN111996553A CN 111996553 A CN111996553 A CN 111996553A CN 202011002122 A CN202011002122 A CN 202011002122A CN 111996553 A CN111996553 A CN 111996553A
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, in particular to a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell, which comprises a cathode carbon block, a steel bar, a first conductor and a second conductor; the cathode carbon block is provided with a groove; the steel bar is arranged in the groove; the steel bar is connected with the cathode carbon block through inter-carbon paste or casting; the first electric conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the first electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a preset length I; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar; the second electric conductor is arranged on the cathode carbon block; the second electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to the other end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a second preset length; the second conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar. The invention can improve the distribution of horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, in particular to a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell.
Background
The production technology of electrolytic aluminum by Hall-Heroult electrolysis has been born for more than one hundred years, the basic principle of the technology is not changed, the capacity and the structure of an electrolytic cell are greatly changed, and a plurality of practices and achievements are obtained around the technology in the aspect of equipment maximization.
In the aluminum electrolysis cell, current flows out from two sides of the electrolysis cell after sequentially passing through the anode carbon block, the molten electrolyte, the aluminum liquid and the cathode carbon block and then passing through the cathode steel bar, and is collected and guided into the cathode bus. Because the current always flows through the path with the minimum resistance, most of the current is loaded on the cathode carbon blocks and the steel bars close to the outside of the electrolytic bath, so that the current cannot vertically enter the aluminum liquid, and very large horizontal current is generated in the aluminum liquid. The horizontal current and the magnetic field act together, the generated electromagnetic force can cause the fluctuation of aluminum liquid, the production of the electrolytic cell is unstable, the energy consumption is increased, and the bottleneck effect is existed for further reducing the polar distance and the cell voltage to save energy. Meanwhile, the current density on the surface of the cathode carbon block on the outer side of the electrolytic cell caused by horizontal current is far higher than that on the inner side, and the cathode carbon block bears the overlarge difference of current to accelerate the local corrosion of the cathode carbon block, so that the service life of the electrolytic cell is shortened.
The horizontal current distribution in the aluminum liquid is not uniform along the length direction of the cathode carbon block, so that the current density at the end parts of the two sides of the cathode carbon block is maximum, the service life of the electrolytic cell can be reduced, and the protection of the electrolytic cell is not facilitated. Moreover, in the modern large-area multipoint electrolytic cell technology, the assembly of the cathode and the steel bar is always in a symmetrical design, and the arrangement of the bus outside the electrolytic cell is not symmetrical to the electrolytic cell, so that the hearth symmetry of the upstream side A surface and the downstream side B surface is poor, the magnetic fluid has obvious scouring difference on the furnace bottom and the furnace side, and the damage of the local cell lining is easily caused to influence the service life of the electrolytic cell.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell, and mainly aims to improve the distribution of the horizontal current in the length direction of a cathode carbon block, reduce the horizontal current of an aluminum liquid layer and improve the stability of the aluminum electrolysis cell.
The invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, and aims to simplify the manufacturing difficulty.
The invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, and also aims to improve overlarge difference between two sides of a first conductor and a second conductor by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor and the second conductor according to the cathode conduction and hearth conditions of the side of the electrolytic cell A, B so as to further improve the stability and the service life of the electrolytic cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention mainly provides the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell, which comprises a cathode carbon block, a steel bar, a first conductor and a second conductor;
the cathode carbon block is provided with a groove;
the steel bar is arranged in the groove; the steel bar is connected with the cathode carbon block through inter-carbon paste or casting;
the first electric conductors are arranged on the cathode carbon blocks; the first electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a first preset length; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar;
the second electric conductors are arranged on the cathode carbon blocks; the second electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to the other end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a second preset length; and the second conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar.
Further, the first electric conductors are arranged on two sides of the steel bar;
the second electric conductors are arranged on two sides of the steel bar.
Furthermore, the cathode carbon block is provided with a first connecting groove; the opening direction of the first connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove;
the first conductor is arranged in the first connecting groove;
the cathode carbon block is provided with a second connecting groove; the opening direction of the second connecting groove is consistent with that of the groove;
the second conductive body is disposed within the second connection slot.
Further, the first preset length is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block;
the second preset length is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block.
Further, the bottom of the groove is provided with a plurality of conductive materials;
multiple conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove;
the electrical conductivity of the multiple conductive materials is gradually weakened from the middle part of the cathode carbon block along the extending direction of the groove.
Further, the conductive material is a conductive adhesive material layer or a cast metal layer.
Further, the length ratio of the first conductor to the second conductor is 0.8-1.2: 1.
further, the depth of the first connecting groove is 5-50 mm;
the depth of the second connecting groove is 5-50 mm;
the end part of the first conductor is flush with one side of the steel bar;
the end part of the second electric conductor is flush with one side of the steel bar.
Further, the first conductor is of a conductive plate structure;
the second conductor is of a conductive plate structure.
Further, the first conductor is a conductive adhesive layer;
the second conductor is a conductive adhesive layer.
By the technical scheme, the cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell at least has the following advantages:
the distribution of horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block can be improved, the horizontal current of an aluminum liquid layer is reduced, and the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved.
Simple structure and easy manufacture.
According to the cathode conduction and hearth conditions of the side of the electrolytic cell A, B, the overlarge difference of two sides can be improved by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor and the second conductor, so that the stability and the service life of the electrolytic cell are further improved.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the description, the following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of FIG. 1 taken along line A;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cathode carbon block in a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Shown in the figure:
the cathode carbon block 1, the groove 1-1, the first connecting groove 1-2, the second connecting groove 1-3, the steel bar 2, the first conductor 3, the paste 4 and the second conductor 5.
Detailed Description
To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined object, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolysis cell according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a cathode carbon block 1, a steel bar 2, a first conductor 3 and a second conductor 5;
the cathode carbon block 1 is provided with a groove 1-1; the steel bar 2 is arranged in the groove 1-1; the steel bar 2 is connected with the cathode carbon block 1 through inter-carbon paste or casting;
the first electric conductor 3 is arranged on the cathode carbon block 1; the first electric conductors 3 extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1 to one end of the groove 1-1 along the extending direction of the groove 1-1; the first conductor 3 extends for a first predetermined length; the first conductor 3 is connected and conducted with the steel bar 2 to guide current to the steel bar 2. The predetermined length one may be set to an appropriate length as needed.
The second electric conductor 5 is arranged on the cathode carbon block 1; the second electric conductors 5 extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1 to the other end of the groove 1-1 along the extending direction of the groove 1-1; the second conductor 5 extends for a second predetermined length; the second conductor 5 is connected and conducted with the steel bar 2 to guide the current to the steel bar 2. The second predetermined length may be set to an appropriate length as needed. The current in the middle of the electrolytic cell is shared by the first conductor 3, the second conductor 5 and the steel bar 2, and the current in the outer part is shared by the steel bar 2 and is led out of the electrolytic cell body. The first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are positioned in the middle of the cathode carbon block 1, and the current of the cathode carbon block 1 is guided to the middle, so that the current in the middle and at two ends of the cathode carbon block 1 is uniformly distributed, the service life of the electrolytic cell can be prolonged, and the protection of the electrolytic cell is facilitated.
In the cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell, which is provided by one embodiment of the invention, the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 can share the cathode current, so that the current distribution of the cathode carbon block 1 is more uniform, the horizontal current of an aluminum liquid layer is reduced, the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved, and meanwhile, the conductive difference of the cathode at the A, B side of the electrolytic cell is adjusted by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5, so that the stability and the service life of the electrolytic cell are further improved, and the reduction of the aluminum electrolysis energy consumption is finally realized.
The cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell provided by one embodiment of the invention can improve the distribution of the horizontal current in the length direction of the cathode carbon block 1, reduce the horizontal current of an aluminum liquid layer and improve the stability of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell provided by one embodiment of the invention has the advantages of simple structure and easiness in manufacturing.
According to the cathode structure for reducing the horizontal current in the aluminum electrolytic cell, provided by one embodiment of the invention, the overlarge difference between two sides of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 can be improved by adjusting the sizes of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 according to the cathode conduction and the hearth condition of the side of the electrolytic cell A, B, so that the stability and the service life of the electrolytic cell are further improved.
As a preference of the above embodiment, the first electric conductor 3 is provided on both sides of the steel bar 2; so that the two sides of the steel bar 2 are simultaneously conducted with the cathode carbon blocks 1 to simultaneously guide the current on the cathode carbon blocks 1; the second electric conductors 5 are arranged on two sides of the steel bar 2, so that two sides of the steel bar 2 are simultaneously conducted with the cathode carbon blocks 1, and the current on the cathode carbon blocks 1 is simultaneously guided.
As a preference of the above embodiment, the cathode carbon block 1 is provided with a first connecting groove 1-2; the opening direction of the first connecting groove 1-2 is consistent with the opening direction of the groove 1-1; the first conductor 3 is arranged in the first connecting groove 1-2; the first conductor 3 is embedded in the first connecting groove 1-2 to be in full contact with the cathode carbon block 1 to achieve full conduction current.
The cathode carbon block 1 is provided with a second connecting groove 1-3; the opening direction of the second connecting groove 1-3 is consistent with the opening direction of the groove 1-1; a second electrical conductor 5 is arranged in the second connection slot 1-3. The second conductor 5 is embedded in the second connecting groove 1-3 to be in sufficient contact with the cathode carbon block 1 to achieve sufficient conduction current. The present example can select that the lengths of the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 are equal to each other, so as to arrange the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 with equal lengths to symmetrically conduct the current. The first coupling groove 1-2 and the second coupling groove 1-3 may be processed by a milling cutter.
Preferably, the preset length is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block 1, so as to partially guide the current on the cathode carbon block 1 at a position close to the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1; the current in the middle part and the current at the end part of the cathode carbon block 1 are uniformly distributed;
the preset length II is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block 1, so that the current on the cathode carbon block 1 is partially guided at the position close to the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1, and the current in the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1 and the current at the end part are uniformly distributed.
More preferably, the length ratio of the first conductor 3 to the second conductor 5 is 0.8 to 1.2: 1. the lengths of the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are adjusted according to the cathode conduction and the hearth condition of the side of the electrolytic bath A, B; namely, the data of the preset length I and the preset length II are adjusted, and the proper size proportion is kept, so that the adjustment of the current at the two sides of the cathode carbon block 1 is realized, the overlarge difference of the two sides of the electrolytic cell is improved, and the stability and the service life of the electrolytic cell are further improved.
As a preference of the above embodiment, there are two grooves 1-1; the two grooves 1-1 are arranged in parallel; the two grooves 1-1 are distributed on the cathode carbon block 1 at intervals; two steel bars 2 are provided; two steel bars 2 are correspondingly arranged in the grooves 1-1. Two steel rods 2 are arranged in parallel to guide the current dispersedly.
Alternatively, two steel bars 2 are symmetrically arranged in a single groove 1-1; the two steel bars 2 are spaced; the groove 1-1 between the two steel bars 2 is filled with paste 4. The length of the paste 4 along the extending direction of the groove 1-1 is 80-130% of the width of the anode middle seam, and the paste is axisymmetric with the center line of the cathode carbon block 1 as an axis. The first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 are respectively arranged on two sides of the paste 4, so that the two steel bars 2 of the steel bar 2 are respectively combined with the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 to guide current to two ends, and the current distribution is uniform. Both sides of the end of the steel bar 2 close to the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1 are provided with a first electric conductor 3 or a second electric conductor 5, and the end part of the first electric conductor 3 is flush with the end of the inner side of the steel bar 2; the end of the second conductor 5 is flush with the end of the inner side of the other steel bar 2, so that the current conduction is smooth and the current distribution is uniform.
Preferably, the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 are distributed on both sides of the paste 4, and the length of the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 is 5% to 50% of the length of the anode of the electrolytic cell, so that the first conductor 3 and the second conductor 5 matching with the first connecting groove 1-2 and the second connecting groove 1-3 can be adapted to the anode of the electrolytic cell, cooperate with each other, and conduct current.
Preferably, the depth of the first connecting groove 1-2 is 5-50 mm; the depth of the second connecting groove 1-3 is 5-50 mm; the depths of the first coupling groove 1-2 and the second coupling groove 1-3 may be set as desired. The depths of the first and second coupling grooves 1-2 and 1-3 may be the same or different. The height of the first conductor 3 is adapted to the first connecting groove 1-2; the height of the second conductor 5 is adapted to the second connecting groove 1-3; the end part of the first conductor 3 is flush with one side of the steel bar 2; the end part of the second electric conductor 5 is flush with one side of the steel bar 2, so that the first electric conductor 3 and the second electric conductor 5 are flush with the bottom surface of the cathode carbon block 1 after being welded with the steel bar 2.
As a preference of the above embodiment, the first conductor 3 is of a conductive plate structure; in this embodiment, the beveled edge of the first conductive plate is preferably welded to the steel bar 2. The second conductor 5 is a conductive plate structure. In this embodiment, the beveled edge of the second conductive plate is preferably welded to the steel bar 2. The current conducting plate structure is simple to process, is convenient to be connected with the cathode carbon block 1, is easy to process current conducting plate structures with different sizes, and is convenient to adjust the length and the width of the first electric conductor 3 and the second electric conductor 5.
Alternatively, the first electrical conductor 3 is a layer of conductive adhesive; the second conductor 5 is a conductive adhesive material layer, and can also realize the function of guiding current between the cathode carbon block 1 and the steel bar 2.
As a preference of the above embodiment, the bottom of the groove 1-1 is provided with a plurality of conductive materials for conducting and fixing the cathode carbon block 1 and the steel bar 2. Multiple conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1 to one end of the groove 1-1 along the extending direction of the groove 1-1; the conductivity of the multiple conductive materials is gradually weakened along the extending direction of the groove 1-1 from the middle part of the cathode carbon block 1, so that the current on the cathode carbon block 1 can be uniformly transmitted to the steel bar 2. Further, the conductive material is a conductive adhesive material layer or a cast metal layer, and both the transmission of the current and the fixation of the steel bar 2 can be realized.
Further still, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, with such terms being used only to distinguish one element from another. Without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments. Similarly, the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or order, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized by comprising a cathode carbon block, a steel bar, a first conductor and a second conductor;
the cathode carbon block is provided with a groove;
the steel bar is arranged in the groove; the steel bar is connected with the cathode carbon block through inter-carbon paste or casting;
the first electric conductors are arranged on the cathode carbon blocks; the first electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the first conductor is a first preset length; the first conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar;
the second electric conductors are arranged on the cathode carbon blocks; the second electric conductors extend from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to the other end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove; the extension length of the second conductor is a second preset length; and the second conductor is connected and conducted with the steel bar.
2. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the first electric conductors are arranged on two sides of the steel bar;
the second electric conductors are arranged on two sides of the steel bar.
3. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the cathode carbon block is provided with a first connecting groove; the opening direction of the first connecting groove is consistent with the opening direction of the groove;
the first conductor is arranged in the first connecting groove;
the cathode carbon block is provided with a second connecting groove; the opening direction of the second connecting groove is consistent with that of the groove;
the second conductive body is disposed within the second connection slot.
4. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the first preset length is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block;
the second preset length is 1/5-1/2 of the length of the cathode carbon block.
5. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the bottom of the groove is provided with a plurality of conductive materials;
multiple conductive materials are distributed at intervals from the middle part of the cathode carbon block to one end of the groove along the extending direction of the groove;
the electrical conductivity of the multiple conductive materials is gradually weakened from the middle part of the cathode carbon block along the extending direction of the groove.
6. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 5,
the conductive material is a conductive adhesive material layer or a cast metal layer.
7. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 3,
the length ratio of the first conductor to the second conductor is 0.8-1.2: 1.
8. the cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 7,
the depth of the first connecting groove is 5-50 mm;
the depth of the second connecting groove is 5-50 mm;
the end part of the first conductor is flush with one side of the steel bar;
the end part of the second electric conductor is flush with one side of the steel bar.
9. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the first conductor is of a conductive plate structure;
the second conductor is of a conductive plate structure.
10. The cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in an aluminum reduction cell according to claim 1,
the first conductor is a conductive adhesive material layer;
the second conductor is a conductive adhesive layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011002122.6A CN111996553A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011002122.6A CN111996553A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN111996553A true CN111996553A (en) | 2020-11-27 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202011002122.6A Pending CN111996553A (en) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum electrolytic cell |
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- 2020-09-22 CN CN202011002122.6A patent/CN111996553A/en active Pending
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