CN111995276A - Method for solidifying heavy metal in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin - Google Patents
Method for solidifying heavy metal in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995276A CN111995276A CN202010924901.5A CN202010924901A CN111995276A CN 111995276 A CN111995276 A CN 111995276A CN 202010924901 A CN202010924901 A CN 202010924901A CN 111995276 A CN111995276 A CN 111995276A
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920000876 geopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002308 calcification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dicalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B12/00—Cements not provided for in groups C04B7/00 - C04B11/00
- C04B12/005—Geopolymer cements, e.g. reaction products of aluminosilicates with alkali metal hydroxides or silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/044—Polysilicates, e.g. geopolymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
- C04B14/10—Clay
- C04B14/106—Kaolin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/0481—Other specific industrial waste materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B18/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/12—Waste materials; Refuse from quarries, mining or the like
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin, which comprises the following steps: s1, drying, crushing and sieving industrial waste carbide slag to obtain carbide powder, drying, crushing and sieving copper tailings to obtain copper tailings powder; s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.15-0.25: 1 to obtain a mixture A; s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.2-1.8, and standing at normal temperature for 20-24 hours to obtain an alkali activator; s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.2-0.4: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 5-8, obtaining a mixture B; s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30-40 ℃ for 28 days, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24-28 hours to obtain the geopolymer. The method has simple operation and cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, can reduce the curing cost of the copper tailings, and relieves the environmental pressure on the surrounding ecological environment caused by long-term stacking of the carbide slag and the copper tailings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid waste resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin.
Background
Along with the continuous increase of social economy, the demand of people for copper ores is increased, a large amount of copper ores are mined and smelted in China every year, and a large amount of copper tailings are discharged. According to data of '2019 Chinese solid waste treatment industry analysis report', the discharge amount of the copper tailings in China reaches 2.24 hundred million tons per year. Copper tailings in China are generally discharged into tailing ponds for storage, at least ten thousand tailing ponds are arranged in China at present along with the increasing discharge amount of the copper tailings, and investigation indicates that the direct damage and occupation of land of the tailing ponds in China are as high as 2 multiplied by 104km2And at 200-300 km per year2Is increased. The large accumulation of the tailings not only occupies a large amount of farmlands and woodlands, but also causes serious harm to the ecological environment around the tailing pond due to heavy metals contained in the tailings and flotation agents contained on the surfaces of the tailings, and the large accumulation of the tailings can cause the tailing pond to bear heavy loads, so that geological disasters such as landslide and debris flow occur. Therefore, how to utilize the copper tailings as resources and change the copper tailings into valuable things is not only the requirement of ecological environment protection and resource recycling, but also a necessary target on future sustainable development roads in the copper mine industry.
Due to industrial requirements, China discharges a large amount of carbide slag every year, which not only occupies a large amount of cultivated land, but also causes serious calcification of the land due to long-term stacked carbide slag piles, thereby causing serious ecological environment influence. At present, researches show that the polymer of the carbide slag has good curing and adsorption effects on heavy metal ions. Therefore, the method for solidifying the heavy metal in the copper tailings by using the carbide slag not only can relieve the environmental safety pressure caused by the stacking of the copper tailings and the carbide slag, but also has very low cost, and has good social benefit, economic benefit and environmental benefit.
The harmless and recycling of the copper tailings by a chemical curing method is the most widely applied method for curing treatment of the copper tailings at present. Conventional setting materials include cement, fly ash, lime, etc., of which cement is the most widely used. At present, the conventional curing technology for curing heavy metals in copper tails still faces some problems, which are as follows:
1. some solidified materials not only consume a large amount of energy in the production process, but also generate atmospheric pollutants, and have adverse effects on the surrounding environment, such as cement;
2. after the heavy metals in the copper tailings are solidified by some traditional solidification technologies, the hardness of the generated geopolymer is not enough, and the treatment requirements of landfill sites, mine backfilling and the like cannot be met;
3. some traditional curing technologies have poor physical packaging effect of gel generated by hydration reaction on harmful substance particles in copper tailings after heavy metals in the copper tailings are cured, and cannot effectively cure the heavy metals in the copper tailings, and when the gel is used for landfill and mine backfilling, the cured heavy metals can be leached by underground water, rainwater and the like, so that secondary pollution is caused.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin, which can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving industrial waste carbide slag to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at 700-800 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, drying, crushing and sieving copper tailings to obtain copper tailing powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.15-0.25: 0.05-0.1: 1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.2-1.8, and standing at normal temperature for 20-24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.2-0.4: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 5-8, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30-40 ℃ for 28 days, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24-28 hours to obtain the geopolymer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the method has simple operation and cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, can reduce the curing cost of the copper tailings, relieve the environmental pressure on the surrounding ecological environment caused by long-term stacking of the carbide slag and the copper tailings, and avoid the phenomenon of secondary pollution;
2. the invention takes industrial waste carbide slag, kaolin and copper tailings as raw materials, and the main component of the carbide slag is Ca (OH)2Metakaolin mainly contains Al2O3The main component of the copper tailings is SiO2When carbide slag, metakaolin, copper tailings and water are mixed, hydration can occur to generate gel, the alkali activator has a catalytic action on slag hydration to finally form a geopolymer with a hard crystal structure of calcium-aluminum silicate, heavy metals in the copper tailings are solidified through the internal physical packaging action of the polymer, and leaching of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and the like in the copper tailings is effectively prevented; the compressive strength of the geopolymer prepared by the method can reach more than 10MPa and the highest can reach 18.8MPa, and meanwhile, the geopolymerThe leaching concentration of heavy metal is far lower than that of copper tailings, the leaching concentration of heavy metal of geopolymer meets the limit value of the leaching standard of a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), the curing efficiency of heavy metal in copper tailings reaches more than 90%, and the geopolymer meets the disposal requirement of mine area backfill;
3. the invention improves the utilization rate of the carbide slag and the copper tailings to a great extent, relieves the environmental pressure on the surrounding ecological environment caused by long-term stockpiling of the carbide slag and the copper tailings, has the effect of treating wastes with wastes, and finally achieves the purposes of comprehensive utilization of the copper tailings and the carbide slag and environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention is not limited in any way, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teaching of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
The invention as shown in figure 1 comprises the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving industrial waste carbide slag to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at 700-800 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, drying, crushing and sieving copper tailings to obtain copper tailing powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.15-0.25: 0.05-0.1: 1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.2-1.8, and standing at normal temperature for 20-24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.2-0.4: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 5-8, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30-40 ℃ for 28 days, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24-28 hours to obtain the geopolymer.
Preferably, after the geopolymer is obtained in the step S5, the geopolymer is subjected to the detection of compressive strength and toxicity leaching, and then is backfilled into the mining area.
Preferably, the calcium carbide powder is obtained by dehydrating calcium carbide slag to the water content of 20-30%, then carrying out vacuum drying at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 24-30 h, crushing and sieving with a 200-300-mesh sieve.
Preferably, the copper tailing powder is obtained by drying the copper tailings in vacuum at the temperature of 100-110 ℃ for 15-18 h, crushing and sieving with a 200-300-mesh sieve.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 5.
Example 1
The method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating industrial waste carbide slag to the water content of 20%, then carrying out vacuum drying for 24h at the temperature of 100 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at the temperature of 700 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, carrying out vacuum drying for 15h at the temperature of 100 ℃ on copper tailings, crushing and sieving by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain copper tailing powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.15:0.05:1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.2, and standing at normal temperature for 20h to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.2: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 5, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30 ℃ for 28d, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24h to obtain the geopolymer.
Example 2
The method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the industrial waste carbide slag until the water content is 30%, then carrying out vacuum drying for 30h at the temperature of 110 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at the temperature of 800 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, carrying out vacuum drying for 18h at the temperature of 110 ℃ on copper tailings, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain copper tailing powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.25:0.1:1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.8, and standing at normal temperature for 24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.4: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 8, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30-40 ℃ for 28 days, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24-28 hours to obtain the geopolymer.
Example 3
The method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating the industrial waste carbide slag until the water content is 25%, then carrying out vacuum drying for 27h at the temperature of 105 ℃, sieving the crushed waste carbide slag with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating the kaolin at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, carrying out vacuum drying on copper tailings at the temperature of 105 ℃ for 16.5h, and sieving the crushed waste carbide slag with a 250-mesh sieve to obtain copper tailings powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.2:0.075:1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.5, and standing at normal temperature for 22h to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.3: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 6.5, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 35 ℃ for 28d, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 26h to obtain the geopolymer.
Example 4
The method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating industrial waste carbide slag to the water content of 20%, then carrying out vacuum drying in a vacuum drying oven for 30h at the temperature of 110 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, carrying out vacuum drying on copper tailings in the vacuum drying oven for 18h at the temperature of 110 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain copper tailings powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.25:0.1:1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.5, and standing at normal temperature for 24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.3: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 7, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 40 ℃ for 28d, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 28h to obtain a geopolymer;
according to a conventional detection method, the compressive strength of the geopolymer is 18.8MPa, and the disposal requirement of the backfill of the mining area is met.
Example 5
The method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin comprises the following steps:
s1, dehydrating industrial waste carbide slag to the water content of 20%, then carrying out vacuum drying in a vacuum drying oven for 30h at the temperature of 110 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at the temperature of 750 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, carrying out vacuum drying on copper tailings in the vacuum drying oven for 18h at the temperature of 110 ℃, crushing and sieving by a 300-mesh sieve to obtain copper tailings powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.2:0.1:1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.5, and standing at normal temperature for 24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.3: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 7, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 40 ℃ for 28d, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 28h to obtain a geopolymer;
according to a conventional detection method, carrying out compressive strength on the geopolymer, wherein the compressive strength meets the disposal requirement of mine area backfill; the heavy metal leaching concentration of the copper tailings and the geopolymer is detected by a TCLP method, the heavy metal leaching concentration of the geopolymer is far lower than that of the copper tailings, the heavy metal leaching concentration of the geopolymer meets the limit value of the leaching standard of a Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Program (TCLP), and the solidification efficiency of the heavy metal in the copper tailings reaches over 90 percent.
Claims (4)
1. A method for solidifying heavy metals in copper tailings by using industrial waste carbide slag and kaolin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, drying, crushing and sieving industrial waste carbide slag to obtain carbide powder, dehydrating kaolin at 700-800 ℃ to obtain metakaolin, drying, crushing and sieving copper tailings to obtain copper tailing powder;
s2, uniformly mixing the calcium carbide powder, the metakaolin and the copper tailing powder according to the mass ratio of 0.15-0.25: 0.05-0.1: 1 to obtain a mixture A;
s3, adding NaOH into water glass, stirring uniformly, modulating the modulus of the water glass to 1.2-1.8, and standing at normal temperature for 20-24 hours to obtain an alkali activator;
s4, uniformly mixing the mixture A, the alkali activator and water, wherein the water-cement ratio is 0.2-0.4: 1, the mass ratio of the mixture to the alkali activator is 100: 5-8, obtaining a mixture B;
s5, placing the mixture B into a mold, curing at 30-40 ℃ for 28 days, demolding, and standing at normal temperature for 24-28 hours to obtain the geopolymer.
2. The method for solidifying the heavy metals in the copper tailings by using the industrial waste carbide slag and the kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the geopolymer is obtained in the step S5, the geopolymer is subjected to leaching detection on compressive strength and toxicity, and then is backfilled into a mining area.
3. The method for solidifying the heavy metals in the copper tailings by using the industrial waste carbide slag and the kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbide powder is obtained by dehydrating the carbide slag until the moisture content is 20-30%, then performing vacuum drying at 100-110 ℃ for 24-30 h, crushing, and sieving with a 200-300-mesh sieve.
4. The method for solidifying the heavy metals in the copper tailings by using the industrial waste carbide slag and the kaolin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the copper tailings powder is obtained by drying the copper tailings at 100-110 ℃ for 15-18 h in vacuum, crushing and sieving with a 200-300-mesh sieve.
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