CN111995226B - Heating method of glass batch - Google Patents
Heating method of glass batch Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995226B CN111995226B CN202010893589.8A CN202010893589A CN111995226B CN 111995226 B CN111995226 B CN 111995226B CN 202010893589 A CN202010893589 A CN 202010893589A CN 111995226 B CN111995226 B CN 111995226B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/43—Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Abstract
The invention discloses a heating method of glass batch, which uses a glass kiln to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, wherein the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, and the bottom of the melting tank is provided with a plurality of combustion spray guns; and controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertical upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass. Because the flame directly heats the glass batch in the glass batch, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials can be reduced, and the content of each element in the finally formed glass product is ensured to be in the design range. The combustion products are generated in the glass batch, which is beneficial to clarifying the glass liquid, the addition amount of the clarifying agent can be reduced, even the clarifying agent is not added, and the preparation cost of the glass can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the melting and clarifying quality of the glass liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing, in particular to a method for heating glass batch.
Background
When refractory glass such as high alumina glass, high borosilicate glass and microcrystalline glass is produced, the melting and clarification of the glass are very difficult and need to be solved by increasing the melting temperature, adopting a special melting mode and adding a clarifying agent into glass batch. The increase of the melting temperature can aggravate the burning loss degree of flame to the breast wall, crown and the like in the glass kiln, so that the service life of the glass kiln is reduced; the special melting mode can reduce the safety of the glass kiln; the addition of fining agents increases the glass production cost.
Meanwhile, because the melting temperature of the refractory glass is high, and the combustion spray guns are alternately combusted, in order to ensure the stability of the temperature of the glass liquid, the length of combustion flame exceeds the central area of the glass melting tank, so that the flames on two sides cover the central area of the glass liquid, the flames seriously scour and burn the breast wall and crown of the area, and the service life of the glass kiln is greatly reduced. In addition, the central area of the molten glass is repeatedly heated, and the temperature difference between the central area and the peripheral area is large, so that the molten glass is not uniformly mixed, the melting quality is poor, the produced glass has a plurality of defects, and the quality of a glass product is influenced.
When the volatile glass is produced, such as borate glass, phosphate glass and high-alkali silicate glass, raw materials which are easy to volatilize exist in the raw material composition of the glass, and in the heating and melting process, because the existing glass kiln can repeatedly heat the central area of the melting tank, the temperature of the area is high, the volatilization quantity of the volatile glass raw materials is increased, the content of the volatile raw materials in the glass product cannot meet the design requirements, and the quality of the glass is influenced. In order to ensure the content of the volatile raw materials in the finally formed glass product, the dosage of the volatile raw materials can only be increased in the batching process before melting so as to compensate the volatile amount of the raw materials during melting. Not only can increase the raw materials cost like this, volatile raw materials get into the flue gas after volatilizing, still can lead to solid particle's concentration to increase in the flue gas, cause the jam of exhaust fume channel, increase the load that the flue gas removed dust, improve glass's preparation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the technical defects in the prior art, and provides a method for heating glass batch with reduced glass preparation cost on the premise of ensuring the quality of glass products, wherein a glass kiln is used for heating and melting the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown positioned above the melting tank and forming the top of the glass kiln, a plurality of combustion spray guns are arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, and the combustion spray guns are not arranged on the side wall of the glass kiln;
the heating process is as follows: and controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertical upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
The heating process specifically comprises the following steps: controlling all combustion spray guns at the bottom of the melting tank to be started simultaneously for combustion; meanwhile, the flame height of the combustion spray gun is adjusted to be not more than 3/4 of the set depth of the molten glass; the vertical upward flame heats and melts the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
The fuel in the combustion lance is selected from natural gas, liquefied gas or heavy oil.
And the combustion-supporting medium in the combustion spray gun is oxygen.
The combustion dosage of the combustion spray gun is 30-150Nm 3 /h。
And the gun head of the combustion spray gun faces the direction of the glass liquid surface line and is vertical to the glass liquid surface line.
The combustion spray gun is 4-9 pieces/m 2 The area of the bottom of the melting tank is arranged.
The interval between two adjacent combustion spray guns is 40-90cm; preferably, the distance between the combustion spray gun and the wall of the melting tank is more than or equal to 30cm.
The ratio of the height of the crown in the glass kiln in the vertical direction to the width of the crown in the horizontal direction is 1/10-1/6.
A smoke outlet is arranged at the upper part of one side of the wall of the melting tank; preferably, the area of the smoke outlet is 1/20-1/10 of the melting size of the kiln.
The invention provides a heating method of glass batch, which sprays flame from the bottom of a melting tank, and the flame burns and heats the glass batch upwards to melt the glass batch into molten glass. Because the flame directly heats the glass batch in the glass batch, the heat conduction from top to bottom is avoided, the temperature above the glass liquid is reduced, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw material at the position can be reduced for the volatile glass, and the content of each element in the finally formed glass product is ensured within the design range. Because the volatilization amount of the raw materials is reduced, the addition amount of the volatile raw materials does not need to be increased, and the preparation cost of the glass is reduced; and the amount of the volatilized raw materials entering the flue gas is reduced, the concentration of solid particles in the flue gas is reduced, and the load of flue gas dust removal is reduced. For the refractory glass, because the flame is in the glass batch, the combustion product is also generated in the glass batch, the combustion product is beneficial to the clarification of the molten glass, the addition of the clarifying agent can be reduced, even the clarifying agent is not added, and the preparation cost of the glass can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the melting clarification quality of the molten glass.
Meanwhile, in the heating method, because the flame is in the molten glass rather than above the molten glass level, a combustion system, a regenerator, a port furnace and the like do not need to be arranged on the breast wall, the heights of the breast wall and the crown can be reduced, and the structure of the glass kiln is more compact; and the flame space above the glass liquid level does not need to be burnt, so that the flame scouring and burning loss degree of the breast wall and the crown is greatly reduced, and the service life of the glass kiln is prolonged; moreover, the refractory grade of the refractory materials used by the breast wall and the crown can be reduced, and the investment cost and the operation and maintenance cost of the glass kiln are reduced.
In addition, the glass liquid is not in a repeatedly heated area, the integral temperature difference of the glass liquid is small, the glass liquid is mixed more uniformly, the melting quality is high, the defects of the produced glass are few, and the yield of glass products is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing the inside of a glass furnace used in the heating method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the inside of a glass furnace used in the heating method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 big arch, 2 feed inlets, 3 melting tank wall, 4 smoke outlet, 5 throat, 6 combustion spray gun, 7 flame, 8 molten glass, 9 melting tank bottom and 10 molten glass surface line.
Detailed Description
The existing glass kiln mainly uses air as combustion-supporting gas and comprises opposite side walls (namely a breast wall); a crown (i.e. crown) arranged at the top of the side wall and used for connecting the opposite side walls so as to form the top of the glass furnace; and a melting tank arranged at the bottom in the kiln and used for containing molten glass. When the existing glass kiln heats glass batch, air preheated to a certain temperature (generally less than 1000 ℃) by the regenerator at the side is discharged into the glass kiln through the small grate and meets fuel in a flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, combustion products (namely smoke) enter the regenerator at the opposite side through the smoke outlet arranged on the side wall and then are discharged through the flue, heat in the smoke is stored by the checker bricks of the regenerator at the opposite side, the air for supporting combustion enters the regenerator at the side after the smoke is discharged through the flue, the heat collected in the smoke is used for preheating combustion-supporting air by the checker bricks of the regenerator, the preheated air is discharged into the glass kiln through the small grate at the side and meets the fuel in the flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, and the combustion products enter the regenerator at the opposite side through the smoke outlet arranged on the side wall and then are discharged through the flue. The glass kiln combustion system heats the glass batch in the melting tank in the kiln through circulating combustion in such a way, so that the glass batch is melted into molten glass.
In the heating process of the existing glass kiln, combustion spray guns are arranged on the side walls (and are symmetrically arranged), the combustion spray guns are distributed on the opposite side walls in pairs, and the gun heads face a glass melting pool. The combustion spray gun usually adopts a reversing combustion mode, namely, the combustion spray gun at one side (as a normal combustion side) is firstly opened, the combustion spray gun at the other side (at the moment, the upper part of the molten glass at the position is not covered by flame and is used as a flameless combustion side) is closed, and the glass melting tank is heated for a period of time; then, reversing, namely: closing the combustion spray gun at one side, opening the combustion spray gun at the other side, repeating the steps, generally heating for about 20-30min, and reversing once; the normal combustion side is responsible for heating the molten glass, and the flameless combustion side is responsible for discharging combustion products generated by combustion at the normal combustion side out of the glass furnace, and is also called as the smoke generation side. After the combustion spray gun on one side is started, the side is covered by flame, the temperature of the kiln on the side is rapidly increased, and the temperature of the kiln on the other side is slowly increased due to no flame covering, so that the temperature distribution of the kiln is uneven; in order to ensure the temperature stability of the glass liquid, the length of the combustion flame is required to be longer and exceeds the central area of the glass melting tank, so that the flame on two sides covers the central area of the glass liquid, the temperature difference between the central area of the kiln and the peripheral area of the kiln is increased, and the temperature distribution of the kiln is also uneven. The temperature of the furnace is unevenly distributed, so that the temperature difference of molten glass in different areas of the melting tank is large, the molten glass formed after the glass batch is melted is unevenly mixed, the melting quality of the glass is affected, and the produced glass has more defects; meanwhile, the reaction speed of nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature is accelerated due to large temperature difference, and the amount of generated nitrogen oxides is increased, so that NO is generated X The emission concentration and the total amount of emission increase.
Meanwhile, the flame for heating is above the liquid level of the molten glass, the molten glass at the liquid level is directly heated, and the heat is transferred to the molten glass at the bottom by the molten glass at the upper part; in order to ensure that the temperature of the bottom glass metal can reach the melting temperature, the temperature of the upper glass metal is much higher than that of the bottom glass metal, so that the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials in the upper glass metal is increased, the addition amount of the volatile raw materials needs to be increased to compensate the volatilization amount during batching, and the glass preparation cost is increased; the volatilized glass raw materials are discharged along with the flue gas, so that the load of flue gas treatment is increased.
In addition, the combustion spray guns on both sides are in a closed state within 30s-2min between each reversing in the heating process, namely, no flame is burnt on both sides, so that the temperature of the side wall and the crown is suddenly increased or decreased sometimes, the refractory bricks forming the side wall and the crown are easy to burst, and the service life of the glass kiln is shortened.
On the basis, the invention provides a heating method of glass batch, which melts the glass batch into molten glass. In the heating method, the combustion spray gun is arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, and the fuel spraying speed (namely the fuel consumption) in the combustion spray gun is adjusted to realize the combustion of flame in the glass batch, heat the glass batch in the glass batch and avoid the continuous heating of the central area of the liquid level of the glass liquid, thereby realizing the continuous heating of NO in the flue gas of the glass kiln X Significant reduction in emission concentration and total amount of emissions.
For volatile glass, the product of the volatile glass needs to contain diboron trioxide (B) 2 O 3 ) Phosphorus pentoxide (P) 2 O 5 ) Sodium oxide (Na) 2 O), potassium oxide (K) 2 0) Lithium oxide (Li) 2 O), etc., and therefore boric acid, borax, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate, lithium carbonate, etc., which can provide these substances, need to be incorporated into the glass batch as a glass raw material. The glass raw materials have the volatile property, and the existing glass kiln is adopted for heating, so that a large amount of volatile raw materials are volatilized due to overhigh local temperature, the composition and the content of elements in the finally obtained glass product are changed, the design requirement cannot be met, and the yield of the glass product is seriously influenced.
Because the flame is in the glass liquid, the heat is conducted horizontally or from bottom to top in the glass liquid, but not from the upper glass liquid to the lower glass liquid, the temperature difference in the glass liquid is small, the glass liquid is mixed uniformly, the melting quality is high, the defects of the produced glass are few, and the yield of the glass product is improved. Although the volatile raw materials are volatilized in a heat conduction mode between the glass liquids, the volatile raw materials are conducted to the upper glass liquid in the process of volatilizing from bottom to top in a bubble mode, so that the temperature of the bubbles is reduced, the bubbles are cooled to be lower than the volatilization temperature, and the bubbles are condensed to be in a liquid state and are remained in the glass liquid, and the volatilization amount of the raw materials is reduced. When the glass raw materials contain the volatile raw materials, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials at normal melting and clarification temperature is considered in the usage amount of the glass batch when the usage amount of the raw materials is designed, and the designed element composition and content can be maintained in the prepared glass product as long as the condition that the volatilization acceleration of the volatile raw materials does not occur is ensured.
For refractory glasses, additional fining agents and/or increased melting temperatures are required to solve the problem of melting and fining difficulties. According to the invention, the glass batch is heated in a way of spraying flame from the bottom of the melting tank, and is used as a combustion way (called bottom burning for short) of the glass kiln, and combustion products (carbon dioxide and water vapor) in the way are gaseous and can volatilize from the inside of molten glass to the space of the kiln above the liquid level of the molten glass in a bubble form, and the process of discharging the combustion products from bottom to top from the molten glass can clarify the molten glass, so that the clarification and foaming discharge process of the molten glass can be accelerated, the melting and clarification quality is improved, the defects of the produced glass are reduced, and the yield of the glass product is improved; the addition amount of the clarifying agent can be reduced, even the clarifying agent is not added, and the preparation cost of the glass is reduced.
In the bottom burning mode provided by the invention, the periphery of the flame is molten glass, all heat is directly conducted to the molten glass (only the molten glass is arranged below the flame in the original glass kiln, the heat in other directions is not directly conducted to the molten glass, the heat conduction efficiency is low), and the fuel burning effect is achievedThe rate is improved; because of the adoption of oxy-fuel combustion and the little contact between fuel and air, NO in the combustion products X 、SO X And the concentration of dust and the like is reduced.
The flame does not need to be reversed in the heating process, so that the problem of flying glass batch materials caused by flame reversing can be avoided (when the flame in the original glass kiln is reversed, the flame can scour the uppermost glass batch materials, so that the glass batch materials are suspended in the air and taken away by smoke). In addition, because the condition of flame reversing does not exist, the flame in the glass kiln is continuously combusted, the temperature in the glass kiln can be maintained to be stable, the refractory bricks of the side wall, the crown and the like cannot be damaged by sudden temperature rise and drop, the flame is in the molten glass, the burning loss caused by the fact that the flame scours the side wall and the crown is avoided, and the service life of the glass kiln is prolonged.
The present invention will be described more specifically and further illustrated with reference to specific examples, which are by no means intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The heating method of the glass batch provided by the invention uses the glass kiln, the structure of the glass kiln is shown in figures 1 and 2, a combustion spray gun originally arranged on the side wall is cancelled, and the combustion spray gun is arranged at the bottom of a melting tank instead, namely: the bottom 9 of the melting tank is provided with a plurality of combustion spray guns, and the heads of the combustion spray guns face to the right upper part, namely to the inside of the melting tank and are vertical to a glass liquid surface line 10. A fuel inlet and an oxygen inlet are arranged at the gun tail of the combustion spray gun 6, the fuel and the oxygen meet at the gun head of the combustion spray gun, flame is generated by combustion, and the glass batch is heated and melted into molten glass. The combustion spray gun is generally arranged according to the area of the bottom 9 of the melting tank, and 4-9 pieces/m 2 The distance between two adjacent spray guns is 40-90cm, and the distance between the combustion spray gun and the melting pool wall 3 is more than or equal to 30cm. The fuel in the combustion lance can be selected from natural gas, liquefied gas or heavy oil, and the fuel consumption is 30-150Nm 3 H; the combustion-supporting medium can only be pure oxygen.
As the side wall of the glass kiln used in the method of the invention is not provided with a combustion system any more, the structure is as shown in figure 1, the lower part is square, and the melting is builtThe melting tank is internally filled with molten glass 8, and the top of the wall 3 of the melting tank is provided with a crown 1 for connecting a group of opposite walls 3 of the melting tank. The crown 1 forms the top of the glass furnace and adopts an arch shape, and the arch rising (the ratio of the height of the vertical direction of the crown to the horizontal width of the crown) is 1/10-1/6. The upper part of one side of the melting tank wall 3 is provided with a feed inlet 2, and the height H of the feed inlet 2 from the arch top of the crown 1 1 20-50cm, the feed inlet 2 is positioned above the set glass melt line 10 and is at a distance H from the set glass melt line 10 2 Is 50-80cm. The upper part of the other side (the side opposite to the side of the charging opening 2 and only on the side) of the melting tank wall 3 is provided with a smoke outlet 4, and the lower part is provided with a throat 5. The area of the smoke outlet 4 is 1/20-1/10 of the melting size of the kiln (the melting size of the kiln is the product of the length and the width of the kiln), and the smoke outlet 4 is square, so that the smoke outlet 4 is favorable for building and maintaining. The wall and the bottom of the melting tank are both made of No. 33 AZS fused refractory (fused ZrO) without shrinkage cavity 2 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 Material of which ZrO 2 The mass percentage of the refractory material is 33%, shrinkage-hole-free pouring refers to a pouring method of an electric melting refractory material, the structure is compact and uniform, the pouring method is purchased from Henan Ruitake practical company, 41# shrinkage-hole-free pouring AZS electric melting refractory material (purchased from Henan Ruitake practical company, inc.) is adopted around a combustion spray gun, and 33# common pouring AZS electric melting refractory material (purchased from Henan Ruitake practical company, inc.) is adopted for a crown 1 of a glass kiln.
The melting tank bottom, the melting tank wall and the crown of the glass kiln are all densely built by refractory bricks, namely: only the refractory bricks are used for building each other, no sealing material is used between the bricks, and all surfaces of the refractory bricks are polished to be smooth, so that the glass liquid is prevented from passing through when the temperature is too high, and safety accidents are prevented. The charge door and the exhaust port are also obtained by laying refractory bricks, and adopt a semi-closed state, namely: the feed inlet is opened only when feeding, closes after adding the glass batch, and the exhaust port is opened when burning for discharging the flue gas that the burning produced, and the exhaust port closes when not burning, reduces energy loss.
When the invention heats the glass batch, all the combustion spray guns 6 at the bottom 9 of the melting tank are controlled to be simultaneously started (instead of being alternately started in the original glass kiln) for combustion. Meanwhile, the height of the flame 7 of the combustion spray gun 6 at the bottom 9 of the melting tank is adjusted so that the height of the flame 7 is not more than 3/4 of the set depth of the molten glass, namely: the height of the flame 7 is not more than 3/4 of the set molten glass height from bottom to top; the set depth of the molten glass is generally between 30 and 60 cm. After flame is adjusted, cullet with the same composition as a target glass product is added into a melting tank through a feeding port 2 arranged on a tank wall 3 of the melting tank, cullet is heated and melted to be molten through a combustion spray gun 6, then mixed glass batch is added through the feeding port 2 for heating, the cullet is melted to form molten glass 8, the molten glass 8 is continuously heated in the melting tank for clarification, and after the clarification is finished, the molten glass 8 is conveyed to the next process through a throat 5 (arranged on the tank wall 3 of the melting tank on the opposite side of the feeding port). And combustion products and smoke generated in the heating process are discharged through a smoke outlet 4 arranged above the liquid flow hole 5.
The first embodiment is as follows: refractory glass
Igniting a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank by using external fire, controlling the fuel consumption of the combustion spray gun to be 1/15-1/10 of the fuel consumption during normal combustion, sequentially adding cullet and glass batch materials with the same composition as a target glass product into the melting tank through a feed opening, increasing the fuel consumption along with the increase of the glass batch materials in the melting tank, and continuously combusting after the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the glass to stabilize the liquid level of the glass liquid; the combustion is continued to ensure the stability of the melting temperature on one hand, and to ensure the clarification effect of combustion products on the other hand, so as to reduce the dosage of the clarifier even without using the clarifier on the premise of ensuring the melting quality of the glass. When the refractory glass is heated, the number of ignitions of the combustion lance can be increased appropriately to reduce convection of molten glass.
The second embodiment: volatile glass
Igniting a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank by using external fire, controlling the fuel consumption of the combustion spray gun to be 1/15-1/10 of the fuel consumption during normal combustion, sequentially adding cullet and glass batch materials with the same composition as a target glass product into the melting tank through a feed opening, increasing the fuel consumption along with the increase of the glass batch materials in the melting tank, and continuously combusting after the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the glass to stabilize the liquid level of the glass liquid; the whole glass liquid is enabled to turn from bottom to top by continuous combustion, so that the homogenization of the glass liquid is accelerated, the vertical temperature difference of the glass liquid is reduced (the original heating method has the advantages that the combustion spray gun is arranged on the side wall, the liquid level temperature of the glass liquid is high, the bottom temperature is low, the volatilization amount at the liquid level of the glass liquid is large, the composition of the glass liquid is changed, and the volatilization amount of volatile raw materials is reduced; and simultaneously controlling the kiln pressure to be 0.5-3Pa, and further reducing the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials.
Experiments on volatile glass:
borate glass, phosphate glass and high-alkali silicate glass with the same quality are respectively heated by using the conventional heating method and the heating method of the invention (the heating is to heat the glass batch from a solid state at normal temperature to a molten state, and is completed when the glass liquid does not contain the defects of bubbles, stones, lines and the like), the fuel is natural gas, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the results are shown in table 1. In Table 1, A represents the conventional heating method, B represents the heating method of the present invention, the volatile amount refers to the mass percentage of volatile matter in unit flue gas, and the unit of nitrogen oxide concentration is mg/m 3 Flue gas, fuel consumption in Nm 3 Per ton of molten glass.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effectiveness of the existing heating method and the heating method of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the glass batch is heated by the method of the invention, so that the melting temperature of the glass is reduced, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials is reduced, the amount of the volatile raw materials entering the flue gas is reduced, and the fuel consumption of unit glass liquid is obviously reduced by heating and melting; because no repeated heating area exists, the concentration of nitrogen oxide is reduced, the temperature difference in the glass liquid is reduced, the glass melting quality is high, and the yield is obviously improved.
Experiment on refractory glass:
experiment one:
the conventional heating method and the heating method of the invention are respectively used for heating high alumina glass, high borosilicate glass and microcrystalline glass with the same quality (the heating is to heat the glass batch from a solid state at normal temperature to a molten liquid state, and the heating is completed when the glass liquid does not contain the defects of bubbles, stones, lines and the like), the fuel is natural gas, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the results are shown in table 2. In Table 2, A represents a conventional heating method, B represents a heating method of the present invention, and the concentration of nitrogen oxides is expressed in mg/m 3 Flue gas, fuel consumption in Nm 3 Per ton of molten glass.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effectiveness of the existing heating method and the heating method of the present invention
The results in table 2 show that the melting temperature of the refractory glass can be significantly reduced by the heating method of the present invention, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the fuel consumption can be significantly reduced, and the yield of the glass can be significantly improved when the same type of glass is prepared.
Experiment two:
when the high borosilicate glass is heated, the temperature of different positions in a glass kiln for heating glass batch is also detected, because the feed inlet of the glass batch in the glass kiln is positioned on the side wall at one end of the kiln, the throat is positioned on the side wall at the other end of the kiln, the throat and the feed inlet are positioned on the opposite side wall, 9 detection positions are arranged at the distance from the feed inlet end, and the distances from the 9 detection positions to the feed inlet are respectively 0.5m,1m,2m,3m,4m,5m,6m,8m and 10m. The 9 positions are numbered 1# -9# respectively, and the temperature condition of each detection position is shown in Table 3. Distance charging hole position (glass liquid advancing direction)
Table 3 temperature change in the glass kiln used in the heating method of the present invention
As is clear from the results in Table 3, the temperature difference between different positions (1 m from the left and right side walls, and the midpoint of the crown) in the glass furnace was reduced by the heating method of the present invention, indicating that the temperature in the furnace was kept uniform or close, indicating that the temperature difference of the molten glass was also reduced, the temperature distribution in the glass furnace was uniform, and the temperature in the glass furnace was kept stable.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the content of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for heating glass batch, which uses a glass kiln to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, is characterized in that,
the glass kiln comprises a melting tank and a crown (1) which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, wherein the bottom of the melting tank is provided with a plurality of combustion spray guns (6), and the side wall of the glass kiln is not provided with the combustion spray guns; the melting tank is internally filled with glass liquid (8), and the top of the melting tank wall (3) is built with a crown (1) for connecting a group of opposite melting tank walls (3);
the heating process is as follows: controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertically upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass; the combustion spray gun is 4-9 pieces/m 2 The area of the bottom of the melting tank is set; the combustion dosage of the combustion spray gun is 30-150Nm 3 H, enabling the flame height of the combustion spray gun not to exceed 3/4 of the set molten glass depth; the heating process specifically comprises the following steps: controlling all combustion spray guns at the bottom of the melting tank to be started at the same time for combustion; heating and melting the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass by vertical upward flame;
the gun head of the combustion spray gun faces the direction of the glass liquid surface line and is vertical to the glass liquid surface line; the interval between two adjacent combustion spray guns is 40-90cm; the distance between the combustion spray gun and the wall of the melting tank is more than or equal to 30cm; the ratio of the height of the crown in the glass kiln in the vertical direction to the width of the crown in the horizontal direction is 1/10-1/6; and a smoke outlet is arranged at the upper part of one side of the wall of the melting tank.
2. The heating method of claim 1, wherein the fuel in the combustion lance is selected from the group consisting of natural gas, liquefied gas, and heavy oil.
3. The heating method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combustion-supporting medium in the combustion lance is oxygen.
4. The heating method according to claim 3, wherein the area of the smoke outlet is 1/20 to 1/10 of the melting size of the kiln.
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| CN113716839B (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2022-05-20 | 西安交通大学 | Glass kiln and method for fluxing glass by using high-temperature flue gas |
| CN114516715B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-01-26 | 中国建材国际工程集团有限公司 | Pool bottom burner for burner and glass kiln |
| CN114380483A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 中建材蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院有限公司 | Glass melting furnace with batch preheating function |
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| CN109052912A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2018-12-21 | 巨石集团有限公司 | A kind of high melting rate unit kiln burning structure |
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| CN104909541B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2018-03-16 | 秦皇岛玻璃工业研究设计院有限公司 | Glass-melting furnace and glass melting process |
| CN108439767A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-24 | 清远忠信世纪玻纤有限公司 | A technique for it is melted for glass fibre |
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