CN111995226A - Heating method of glass batch - Google Patents
Heating method of glass batch Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995226A CN111995226A CN202010893589.8A CN202010893589A CN111995226A CN 111995226 A CN111995226 A CN 111995226A CN 202010893589 A CN202010893589 A CN 202010893589A CN 111995226 A CN111995226 A CN 111995226A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/225—Refining
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/42—Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosion; Use of materials for furnace walls
- C03B5/43—Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heating method of glass batch, which uses a glass kiln to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, wherein the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, and the bottom of the melting tank is provided with a plurality of combustion spray guns; and controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertical upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass. Because the flame directly heats the glass batch in the glass batch, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials can be reduced, and the content of each element in the finally formed glass product is ensured to be in the design range. The combustion products are generated in the glass batch, which is beneficial to clarifying the molten glass, can reduce the addition amount of the clarifying agent, even does not add the clarifying agent, and can reduce the preparation cost of the glass on the premise of ensuring the melting and clarifying quality of the molten glass.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of glass manufacturing, in particular to a method for heating glass batch.
Background
When refractory glass such as high alumina glass, high borosilicate glass and microcrystalline glass is produced, the melting and clarification of the glass are very difficult and need to be solved by increasing the melting temperature, adopting a special melting mode and adding a clarifying agent into a glass batch. The increase of the melting temperature can aggravate the burning loss degree of flame to the breast wall, crown and the like in the glass kiln, so that the service life of the glass kiln is reduced; the special melting mode can reduce the safety of the glass kiln; the addition of fining agents increases the glass production cost.
Meanwhile, because the melting temperature of the refractory glass is high, and the combustion spray guns are alternately combusted, in order to ensure the stability of the temperature of the glass liquid, the length of combustion flame exceeds the central area of the glass melting tank, so that the flames on two sides cover the central area of the glass liquid, the flames seriously scour and burn the breast wall and crown of the area, and the service life of the glass kiln is greatly reduced. In addition, the central area of the molten glass is repeatedly heated, and the temperature difference between the central area and the peripheral area is large, so that the molten glass is not uniformly mixed, the melting quality is poor, the produced glass has more defects, and the quality of a glass product is influenced.
When the volatile glass is produced, such as borate glass, phosphate glass and high-alkali silicate glass, raw materials which are easy to volatilize exist in the raw material composition of the glass, and in the heating and melting process, because the existing glass kiln can repeatedly heat the central area of the melting tank, the temperature of the area is high, so that the volatilization quantity of the volatile glass raw materials is increased, the content of the volatile raw materials in the glass product cannot meet the design requirement, and the quality of the glass is influenced. In order to ensure the content of the volatile raw materials in the finally formed glass product, the dosage of the volatile raw materials can only be increased in the batching process before melting so as to compensate the volatile amount of the raw materials during melting. Not only can increase the raw materials cost like this, volatile raw materials get into the flue gas after volatilizing, still can lead to solid particle's concentration to increase in the flue gas, cause the jam of exhaust fume channel, increase the load that the flue gas removed dust, improve glass's preparation cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for heating glass batch with reduced glass preparation cost on the premise of ensuring the quality of glass products, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art, a glass kiln is used for heating and melting the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, a plurality of combustion spray guns are arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, and the side wall of the glass kiln is not provided with the combustion spray guns;
the heating process is as follows: and controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertical upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
The heating process specifically comprises the following steps: controlling all combustion spray guns at the bottom of the melting tank to be started simultaneously for combustion; meanwhile, the flame height of the combustion spray gun is adjusted to be not more than 3/4 of the set molten glass depth; the vertical upward flame heats and melts the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
The fuel in the combustion lance is selected from natural gas, liquefied gas or heavy oil.
And the combustion-supporting medium in the combustion spray gun is oxygen.
The combustion dosage of the combustion spray gun is 30-150Nm3/h。
And the gun head of the combustion spray gun faces the direction of the glass liquid surface line and is vertical to the glass liquid surface line.
The combustion spray gun is 4-9 pieces/m2The area of the bottom of the melting tank is arranged.
The interval between two adjacent combustion spray guns is 40-90 cm; preferably, the distance between the combustion spray gun and the wall of the melting tank is more than or equal to 30 cm.
The ratio of the height of the crown in the glass kiln in the vertical direction to the width of the crown in the horizontal direction is 1/10-1/6.
Only the upper part of one side of the wall of the melting tank is provided with a smoke outlet; preferably, the area of the smoke outlet is 1/20-1/10 of the melting size of the kiln.
The invention provides a heating method of glass batch, which sprays flame from the bottom of a melting tank, and the flame burns and heats the glass batch upwards to melt the glass batch into molten glass. Because the flame directly heats the glass batch in the glass batch, the heat conduction from top to bottom is avoided, the temperature above the glass liquid is reduced, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw material at the position can be reduced for the volatile glass, and the content of each element in the finally formed glass product is ensured within the design range. Because the volatilization amount of the raw materials is reduced, the addition amount of the volatile raw materials does not need to be increased, and the preparation cost of the glass is reduced; and the amount of the volatilized raw materials entering the flue gas is reduced, the concentration of solid particles in the flue gas is reduced, and the load of flue gas dust removal is reduced. For the refractory glass, because the flame is in the glass batch, the combustion product is also generated in the glass batch, the combustion product is beneficial to the clarification of the molten glass, the addition of the clarifying agent can be reduced, even the clarifying agent is not added, and the preparation cost of the glass can be reduced on the premise of ensuring the melting clarification quality of the molten glass.
Meanwhile, in the heating method, because the flame is in the molten glass rather than above the molten glass level, a combustion system, a regenerator, a port furnace and the like do not need to be arranged on the breast wall, the heights of the breast wall and the crown can be reduced, and the structure of the glass kiln is more compact; flame space which does not need to burn is arranged above the glass liquid level, so that flame scouring and burning loss degree of a breast wall and a crown are greatly reduced, and the service life of the glass kiln is prolonged; moreover, the refractory grade of the refractory materials used by the breast wall and the crown can be reduced, and the investment cost and the operation and maintenance cost of the glass kiln are reduced.
In addition, the glass liquid is not in a repeatedly heated area, the integral temperature difference of the glass liquid is small, the glass liquid is mixed more uniformly, the melting quality is high, the defects of the produced glass are few, and the yield of glass products is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the inside of a glass furnace used in the heating method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the interior of a glass furnace used in the heating method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 big arch, 2 feed inlets, 3 melting tank wall, 4 smoke outlet, 5 throat, 6 combustion spray gun, 7 flame, 8 molten glass, 9 melting tank bottom and 10 molten glass surface line.
Detailed Description
The existing glass kiln mainly uses air as combustion-supporting gas and comprises opposite side walls (namely a breast wall); a main crown (i.e. crown) arranged at the top of the side wall and used for connecting the opposite side walls so as to form the top of the glass furnace; and a melting tank arranged at the bottom in the kiln and used for containing molten glass. When the existing glass kiln heats glass batch, air preheated to a certain temperature (generally less than 1000 ℃) by a regenerator at the side is discharged into the glass kiln through a small grate and meets fuel in a flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, combustion products (namely flue gas) enter a regenerator at the opposite side through a smoke outlet arranged on the side wall and then are discharged through a flue, heat in the flue gas is stored by a checker brick of the regenerator at the opposite side, the air for supporting combustion enters the regenerator at the side after the flue gas is discharged through the flue, the heat collected in the flue gas is used for preheating combustion-supporting air by the checker brick of the regenerator, the preheated air is discharged into the glass kiln through the small grate at the side and meets the fuel in the flame space, high temperature is generated by combustion, and the combustion products enter the regenerator at the opposite side through the smoke outlet arranged on the side wall and then are discharged through the flue. The glass kiln combustion system heats the glass batch in the melting tank in the kiln through circulating combustion in such a way, so that the glass batch is melted into molten glass.
In the heating process of the existing glass kiln, combustion spray guns are arranged on the side walls (and are symmetrically arranged), the combustion spray guns are distributed on the opposite side walls in pairs, and the gun heads face a glass melting pool. The combustion spray gun usually adopts a reversing combustion mode, namely, the combustion spray gun at one side (as a normal combustion side) is firstly opened, the combustion spray gun at the other side (at the moment, the upper part of the molten glass at the position is not covered by flame and is used as a flameless combustion side) is closed, and the glass melting tank is heated for a period of time; then, reversing, namely: closing the combustion spray gun at one side, opening the combustion spray gun at the other side, repeating the steps, generally heating for about 20-30min, and reversing once; the normal combustion side is responsible for heating the molten glass, and the flameless combustion side is responsible for discharging combustion products generated by the combustion of the normal combustion side out of the glassGlass kilns, therefore also called "flue gas generation side". After the combustion spray gun at one side is started, the side is covered by flame, the temperature of the kiln at the side is rapidly increased, and the temperature of the kiln at the other side is slowly increased due to no flame covering, so that the temperature distribution of the kiln is uneven; in order to ensure the temperature stability of the glass liquid, the length of the combustion flame is required to be longer and exceeds the central area of the glass melting tank, so that the flame on two sides covers the central area of the glass liquid, the temperature difference between the central area of the kiln and the peripheral area of the kiln is increased, and the temperature distribution of the kiln is also uneven. The temperature of the furnace is unevenly distributed, so that the temperature difference of molten glass in different areas of the melting tank is large, the molten glass formed after the glass batch is melted is unevenly mixed, the melting quality of the glass is affected, and the produced glass has more defects; meanwhile, the reaction speed of nitrogen and oxygen at high temperature is accelerated due to large temperature difference, and the amount of generated nitrogen oxides is increased, so that NO is generatedXThe emission concentration and the total amount of emission increase.
Meanwhile, the flame for heating is above the liquid level of the molten glass, the molten glass at the liquid level is directly heated, and the heat is transferred to the molten glass at the bottom by the molten glass at the upper part; in order to ensure that the temperature of the bottom glass liquid can reach the melting temperature, the temperature of the upper glass liquid is much higher than that of the bottom glass liquid, so that the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials in the upper glass liquid is increased, the addition amount of the volatile raw materials is increased to compensate the volatilization amount during batching, and the glass preparation cost is increased; the volatilized glass raw materials are discharged along with the flue gas, and the load of flue gas treatment is increased.
In addition, the combustion spray guns on both sides are in a closed state within 30s-2min between each reversing in the heating process, namely, no flame is burnt on both sides, so that the temperature of the side wall and the crown is suddenly increased or decreased sometimes, the refractory bricks forming the side wall and the crown are easy to burst, and the service life of the glass kiln is shortened.
On the basis, the invention provides a heating method of glass batch, which melts the glass batch into molten glass. In the heating method, the combustion spray gun is arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, and the fuel spraying speed in the combustion spray gun is adjusted (namely the fuel spraying speed is adjusted)Fuel amount) to realize the combustion of flame inside the glass batch, heat the glass batch inside the glass batch, avoid the continuous heating of the central area of the liquid level of the molten glass, and realize the NO in the flue gas of the glass kilnXSignificant reduction in emission concentration and total amount of emissions.
For volatile glass, the product of the volatile glass needs to contain diboron trioxide (B)2O3) Phosphorus pentoxide (P)2O5) Sodium oxide (Na)2O), potassium oxide (K)20) Lithium oxide (Li)2O), etc., and therefore boric acid, borax, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate, lithium carbonate, etc., which can provide these substances, need to be incorporated into the glass batch as a glass raw material. The glass raw materials have the property of easy volatilization, and the existing glass kiln is adopted for heating, so that the volatile raw materials are volatilized in a large amount due to overhigh local temperature, the composition and the content of elements in the finally obtained glass product are changed, the design requirements cannot be met, and the yield of the glass product is seriously influenced.
Because the flame is in the glass liquid, the heat is conducted horizontally or from bottom to top in the glass liquid, but not from the upper glass liquid to the lower glass liquid, so the temperature difference in the glass liquid is small, the glass liquid is mixed uniformly, the melting quality is high, the defects of the produced glass are few, and the yield of the glass product is improved. Although the volatile raw materials are volatilized in a heat conduction mode between the glass liquids, the volatile raw materials are conducted to the upper glass liquid in the process of volatilizing from bottom to top in a bubble mode, so that the temperature of the bubbles is reduced, the bubbles are cooled to be lower than the volatilization temperature, and the bubbles are condensed to be in a liquid state and are remained in the glass liquid, and the volatilization amount of the raw materials is reduced. When the glass raw materials contain volatile raw materials, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials at normal melting and clarification temperature is considered in the usage amount of the glass batch when the usage amount of the raw materials is designed, and the designed element composition and content can be maintained in the prepared glass product as long as the condition that the volatilization acceleration of the volatile raw materials does not occur is ensured.
For refractory glasses, additional fining agents and/or increased melting temperatures are required to solve the problem of difficulty in melting and fining. According to the invention, the glass batch is heated in a way of spraying flame from the bottom of the melting tank, and is used as a combustion way (called bottom burning for short) of the glass kiln, and combustion products (carbon dioxide and water vapor) in the way are gaseous and can volatilize from the inside of molten glass to the space of the kiln above the liquid level of the molten glass in a bubble form, and the process of discharging the combustion products from bottom to top from the molten glass can clarify the molten glass, so that the clarification and foaming discharge process of the molten glass can be accelerated, the melting and clarification quality is improved, the defects of the produced glass are reduced, and the yield of the glass product is improved; the addition amount of the clarifying agent can be reduced, even the clarifying agent is not added, and the preparation cost of the glass is reduced.
In the bottom burning mode provided by the invention, the periphery of the flame is the molten glass, all heat is directly conducted to the molten glass (the original glass kiln only has the condition that the molten glass is below the flame, and the heat in other directions is not directly conducted to the molten glass, so that the heat conduction efficiency is low), and the fuel burning efficiency is improved; because of the adoption of oxy-fuel combustion and the little contact between fuel and air, NO in the combustion productsX、SOXAnd the concentration of dust and the like is reduced.
The flame does not need to be reversed in the heating process, so that the problem of flying glass batch materials caused by flame reversing can be avoided (when the flame in the original glass kiln is reversed, the flame can scour the uppermost glass batch materials, so that the glass batch materials are suspended in the air and taken away by smoke). In addition, because the condition of flame reversing does not exist, the flame in the glass kiln is continuously combusted, the temperature in the glass kiln can be maintained to be stable, the refractory bricks of the side wall, the crown and the like cannot be damaged by sudden temperature rise and drop, the flame is in the molten glass, the burning loss caused by the fact that the flame scours the side wall and the crown is avoided, and the service life of the glass kiln is prolonged.
The present invention will be described more specifically and further illustrated with reference to specific examples, which are by no means intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a heating method of glass batchThe method uses a glass kiln, the structure of the glass kiln is shown in figures 1 and 2, a combustion spray gun originally arranged on the side wall is cancelled, and the combustion spray gun is arranged at the bottom of a melting tank instead, namely: the bottom 9 of the melting tank is provided with a plurality of combustion spray guns, and the heads of the combustion spray guns face to the right upper part, namely to the inside of the melting tank and are vertical to a glass liquid surface line 10. And a fuel inlet and an oxygen inlet are arranged at the tail of the combustion spray gun 6, and the fuel and the oxygen meet at the head of the combustion spray gun to combust to generate flame, so that the glass batch is heated and melted into molten glass. The combustion spray gun is generally arranged according to the area of the bottom 9 of the melting tank, and 4-9 pieces/m2The distance between two adjacent spray guns is 40-90cm, and the distance between the combustion spray gun and the wall 3 of the melting tank is more than or equal to 30 cm. The fuel in the combustion lance can be selected from natural gas, liquefied gas or heavy oil, and the fuel consumption is 30-150Nm3H; the combustion-supporting medium can only be pure oxygen.
As the side wall of the glass kiln used in the method is not provided with a combustion system, the structure is shown in figure 1, the lower part is square, a melting tank is built, molten glass 8 is contained in the melting tank, and a crown 1 is built at the top of the wall 3 of the melting tank and is used for connecting a group of opposite walls 3 of the melting tank. The crown 1 forms the top of the glass furnace and adopts an arch shape, and the arch rise (the ratio of the height of the vertical direction of the crown to the horizontal width of the crown) is 1/10-1/6. The upper part of one side of the melting tank wall 3 is provided with a feed inlet 2, and the height H of the feed inlet 2 from the arch top of the arch 1120-50cm, the feed inlet 2 is positioned above the set glass melt line 10 and is at a distance H from the set glass melt line 102Is 50-80 cm. The upper part of the other side (the side opposite to the side of the charging opening 2 and only on the side) of the melting tank wall 3 is provided with a smoke outlet 4, and the lower part is provided with a throat 5. The area of the smoke outlet 4 is 1/20-1/10 of the melting size of the kiln (the melting size of the kiln is the product of the length and the width of the kiln), and the smoke outlet 4 is square, so that the building and the maintenance of the smoke outlet 4 are facilitated. The wall and the bottom of the melting tank are both made of No. 33 AZS electric melting refractory material (electric melting ZrO) without shrinkage cavity2-Al2O3-SiO2Material of which ZrO2The mass percentage of the refractory material is 33 percent, and the non-shrinkage-cavity pouring refers to a pouring method of the electric melting refractory materialThe method is compact and uniform in structure and purchased from Henan Ruitake industry Co., Ltd.), the 41# shrinkage-free pouring AZS fused refractory material (purchased from Henan Ruitake industry Co., Ltd.) is adopted around the combustion spray gun, and the 33# common pouring AZS fused refractory material (purchased from Henan Ruitake industry Co., Ltd.) is adopted in the crown 1 of the glass kiln.
The melting tank bottom, the melting tank wall and the crown of the glass kiln are all densely built by refractory bricks, namely: only the refractory bricks are used for building each other, no sealing material is used between the bricks, and all surfaces of the refractory bricks are polished to be smooth, so that the glass liquid is prevented from passing through when the temperature is too high, and safety accidents are prevented. The charge door and the exhaust port are also obtained by laying refractory bricks, and adopt a semi-closed state, namely: the feed inlet is opened only when feeding in raw materials, closes after adding glass batch, and the exhaust port is opened when burning for the flue gas discharge that produces with burning, and the exhaust port closes when not burning, reduces energy loss.
When the invention heats the glass batch, all the combustion spray guns 6 at the bottom 9 of the melting tank are controlled to be simultaneously started (instead of being alternately started in the original glass kiln) for combustion. At the same time, the height of the flame 7 of the combustion lance 6 at the bottom 9 of the melting tank is adjusted so that the height of the flame 7 does not exceed 3/4 of the set molten glass depth, namely: the height of the flame 7 does not exceed 3/4 of the set molten glass height from bottom to top; the set depth of the molten glass is generally between 30 and 60 cm. After flame is adjusted, cullet with the same composition as a target glass product is added into a melting tank through a feeding port 2 arranged on a tank wall 3 of the melting tank, the cullet is heated and melted to be molten through a combustion spray gun 6, then mixed glass batch is added through the feeding port 2 to be heated, the cullet is melted to form molten glass 8, the molten glass 8 is continuously heated in the melting tank for clarification, and after the clarification is completed, the molten glass 8 is sent to the next procedure through a throat 5 (arranged on the tank wall 3 of the melting tank opposite to the feeding port). And combustion products and smoke generated in the heating process are discharged through a smoke outlet 4 arranged above the liquid flow hole 5.
The first embodiment is as follows: refractory glass
Igniting a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank by using external fire, controlling the fuel consumption of the combustion spray gun to be 1/15-1/10 of the fuel consumption during normal combustion, sequentially adding cullet and glass batch materials with the same composition as a target glass product into the melting tank through a feed opening, increasing the fuel consumption along with the increase of the glass batch materials in the melting tank, and continuing to combust after the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the glass so as to stabilize the liquid level of the glass liquid; the combustion is continued to ensure the stability of the melting temperature on one hand, and to ensure the clarification effect of combustion products on the other hand, so as to reduce the dosage of the clarifier even without using the clarifier on the premise of ensuring the melting quality of the glass. When the refractory glass is heated, the number of the ignition of the combustion spray gun can be properly increased so as to reduce the convection of the molten glass.
Example two: volatile glass
Igniting a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank by using external fire, controlling the fuel consumption of the combustion spray gun to be 1/15-1/10 of the fuel consumption during normal combustion, sequentially adding cullet and glass batch materials with the same composition as a target glass product into the melting tank through a feed opening, increasing the fuel consumption along with the increase of the glass batch materials in the melting tank, and continuing to combust after the temperature reaches the melting temperature of the glass so as to stabilize the liquid level of the glass liquid; the glass liquid is enabled to turn from bottom to top by continuous combustion, the homogenization of the glass liquid is accelerated, the upper and lower temperature difference of the glass liquid is reduced (the original heating method has the advantages that a combustion spray gun is arranged on the side wall, the liquid level temperature of the glass liquid is high, the bottom temperature is low, the volatilization amount at the liquid level of the glass liquid is large, the composition of the glass liquid is changed, and the volatilization amount of volatile raw materials is reduced; and simultaneously, the kiln pressure is controlled to be 0.5-3Pa, so that the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials is further reduced.
Experiment on volatile glass:
borate glass, phosphate glass and high-alkali silicate glass with the same quality are respectively heated by using the existing heating method and the heating method of the invention (the heating is to heat the glass batch from a solid state at normal temperature to a molten liquid state, and the heating is completed when the glass liquid does not contain the defects of bubbles, stones, lines and the like), the fuel is natural gas, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the results are shown in table 1. In Table 1, A represents a conventional heating method, B represents a heating method of the present invention,the volatile amount refers to the mass percentage content of volatile matters in unit flue gas, and the unit of nitrogen oxide concentration is mg/m3Flue gas, fuel consumption in Nm3Per ton of molten glass.
TABLE 1 comparison of the effectiveness of the existing heating method and the heating method of the present invention
As can be seen from Table 1, the glass batch is heated by the method of the invention, so that the melting temperature of the glass is reduced, the volatilization amount of the volatile raw materials is reduced, the amount of the volatile raw materials entering the flue gas is reduced, and the fuel consumption of unit glass liquid is obviously reduced by heating and melting; because no repeated heating area exists, the concentration of nitrogen oxide is reduced, the temperature difference in the molten glass is reduced, the melting quality of the glass is high, and the yield is remarkably improved.
Experiment on refractory glass:
experiment one:
the conventional heating method and the heating method of the invention are respectively used for heating high alumina glass, high borosilicate glass and microcrystalline glass with the same quality (the heating is to heat the glass batch from a solid state at normal temperature to a molten liquid state, and the heating is completed when the glass liquid does not contain the defects of bubbles, stones, lines and the like), the fuel is natural gas, the combustion-supporting gas is oxygen, and the results are shown in table 2. In Table 2, A represents the conventional heating method, B represents the heating method of the present invention, and the concentration of nitrogen oxide is expressed in mg/m3Flue gas, fuel consumption in Nm3Per ton of molten glass.
TABLE 2 comparison of the effectiveness of the existing heating method and the heating method of the present invention
The results in table 2 show that the melting temperature of the refractory glass can be significantly reduced by the heating method of the present invention, the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and the fuel consumption can be significantly reduced, and the yield of the glass can be significantly improved when the same type of glass is prepared.
Experiment two:
when heating borosilicate glass, still detect the temperature of the different positions in the glass kiln furnace of heating glass batch, because the charge door of glass batch is located the lateral wall of kiln one end in the glass kiln furnace, the throat is located the lateral wall of the kiln other end, throat and charge door are located relative lateral wall, set up 9 detection positions with the distance of holding the end distance from the charge door, this 9 detection positions are 0.5m respectively apart from the distance of charge door, 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m, 8m, 10 m. The 9 positions are numbered 1# -9# respectively, and the temperature condition of each detection position is shown in Table 3. Distance charging hole position (glass liquid advancing direction)
TABLE 3 temperature Change in a glass kiln used for the heating method of the present invention
As is clear from the results in Table 3, the temperature difference between different positions (1 m from the left and right side walls, and the midpoint of the crown) in the glass furnace was reduced by the heating method of the present invention, indicating that the temperature in the furnace was kept uniform or close, indicating that the temperature difference of the molten glass was also reduced, the temperature distribution in the glass furnace was uniform, and the temperature in the glass furnace was kept stable.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the content of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for heating glass batch, which uses a glass kiln to heat and melt the glass batch into molten glass in the process of heating and melting the glass batch, is characterized in that,
the glass kiln comprises a kiln side wall, a melting tank and a crown which is positioned above the melting tank and forms the top of the glass kiln, wherein a plurality of combustion spray guns are arranged at the bottom of the melting tank, and the combustion spray guns are not arranged on the side wall of the glass kiln;
the heating process is as follows: and controlling fuel in a combustion spray gun at the bottom of the melting tank to combust, and spraying vertical upward flame to heat and melt the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
2. The heating method according to claim 1, wherein the heating process is specifically: controlling all combustion spray guns at the bottom of the melting tank to be started simultaneously for combustion; meanwhile, the flame height of the combustion spray gun is adjusted to be not more than 3/4 of the set molten glass depth; the vertical upward flame heats and melts the glass batch in the melting tank into molten glass.
3. The heating method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the fuel in the combustion lance is selected from natural gas, liquefied gas or heavy oil.
4. A heating method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the combustion medium in the combustion lance is oxygen.
5. The heating method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the combustion amount of the combustion lance is 30 to 150Nm3/h。
6. The heating method according to claim 5, wherein the tip of the combustion lance is oriented in the direction of the glass melt line and perpendicular to the glass melt line.
7. The heating method according to claim 6, wherein the number of the combustion lances is 4 to 9/m2The area of the bottom of the melting tank is arranged.
8. The heating method according to claim 7, wherein the interval between two adjacent combustion lances is 40-90 cm; preferably, the distance between the combustion spray gun and the wall of the melting tank is more than or equal to 30 cm.
9. The heating method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a ratio of a height in a vertical direction of the crown to a width in a horizontal direction in the glass furnace is 1/10 to 1/6.
10. The heating method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a smoke discharge port is provided only at an upper portion of one side of the wall of the melting tank; preferably, the area of the smoke outlet is 1/20-1/10 of the melting size of the kiln.
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| CN113716839A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-11-30 | 西安交通大学 | Glass kiln and method for fluxing glass by using high-temperature flue gas |
| CN114380483A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-22 | 中建材蚌埠玻璃工业设计研究院有限公司 | Glass melting furnace with batch preheating function |
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| CN111995226B (en) | 2023-02-17 |
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