CN111992825B - Efficient and precise electrolytic machining equipment and method for titanium alloy complex inner spiral line - Google Patents
Efficient and precise electrolytic machining equipment and method for titanium alloy complex inner spiral line Download PDFInfo
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- CN111992825B CN111992825B CN202010892863.XA CN202010892863A CN111992825B CN 111992825 B CN111992825 B CN 111992825B CN 202010892863 A CN202010892863 A CN 202010892863A CN 111992825 B CN111992825 B CN 111992825B
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- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009954 braiding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 16
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H11/00—Auxiliary apparatus or details, not otherwise provided for
- B23H11/003—Mounting of workpieces, e.g. working-tables
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
- B23H3/10—Supply or regeneration of working media
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of electrolytic machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to efficient and precise electrolytic machining equipment and a machining method for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line. The invention comprises a three-way electromagnetic valve, a sealed liquid collector, an elastic clamping body, a conical surface locking sleeve, a supporting seat, a conductive braiding belt, an elastic clamping body cooling pipe, a supporting seat cooling pipe, a forming cathode, a cathode pull rod, a double-flap type support, a machine tool control cabinet and a four-way electromagnetic valve, wherein the two groups of clamps are connected by the conductive braiding belt, so that the even distribution of Joule heat on the whole workpiece is realized, cooling water channels are arranged on the clamps and the inner sleeve, and after the electrolytic machining is finished, the accurate control of the electromagnetic valve is realized by a machine tool control system. The invention adopts the mode that the conical surface of the locking component is matched with the locking workpiece, increases the conductive area on the premise of ensuring the clamping force, realizes the uniform conduction between the workpiece and the clamping device, ensures the timely release of heat generated in the processing process, and ensures the uniform temperature distribution at the contact surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrolytic machining equipment manufacturing, in particular to efficient and precise electrolytic machining equipment and a machining method for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line.
Background
The titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength, light weight, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, military equipment and the like. However, the titanium alloy material has low heat conductivity coefficient and poor heat dissipation, and the traditional mechanical broaching mode is adopted to process the titanium alloy special-shaped inner spiral line type complex parts, so that the technical bottlenecks of low processing efficiency, easiness in sticking a cutter, serious cutter abrasion, poor processing quality and the like exist. The electrolytic machining is non-contact machining, has the advantages of good machining surface quality, high production efficiency, no tool loss, no cutting stress and the like, and provides an effective machining method for titanium alloy machining.
At present, when a tool for processing a gun steel material is used for electrolytic processing of a titanium alloy special-shaped inner spiral line, the electrolytic processing is an exothermic reaction, the processing current is extremely large, and the heat conductivity of the titanium alloy is poor, so that the heat generated in the processing process is difficult to release effectively, and the problems of obvious pitting phenomenon, easiness in short circuit, poor processing quality and the like are caused; the clamp can not be tightly combined with the workpiece, so that the local heat of the titanium alloy special-shaped barrel is higher and can not be timely dissipated, and the uniform heat conduction between the clamp and the workpiece plays an important role in the stability and reliability of the whole machining process. In addition, after the electrolytic machining of the traditional special-shaped inner spiral pipe part, a large amount of electrolyte remained in the part can flow to the machine tool body and even splash to the ground when the tool clamp is disassembled, so that a large amount of electrolyte is wasted, even the surrounding environment is adversely affected, and the labor intensity of workers is additionally increased. Therefore, recycling and reusing the electrolyte and quickly cleaning the machined workpiece are still another technical problem to be solved urgently in the current electrolytic machining.
The invention patent ZL 201811449362.3 (a conductive device with a clamp) utilizes a supporting plate and an upper steel cover lining copper tile to clamp and conduct electricity to a workpiece. However, when the method is applied to the electrolytic processing of the titanium alloy, the contact area between the clamp and the workpiece is limited, and the conductive uniformity is insufficient, so that the current density at the surface part of the workpiece is overlarge, the local temperature is too high, and the processing cannot be normally performed;
the patent ZL 201410627262.0 (a numerical control electrolytic machining method for a closed curve groove of the inner wall of a tubular workpiece and a clamping fixture thereof) adopts the technical scheme that one end of the workpiece is fixedly connected with a guide body, the other end of the workpiece is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet seat, and then the assembled tubular workpiece is directly fixed on the fixture of a numerical control electrolytic machine tool. The clamping mode needs to be used for fixing by machining a threaded hole in the workpiece in advance and matching with the clamp. However, such clamps do not achieve uniform conduction throughout the workpiece. In addition, because the titanium alloy is difficult to machine, when the clamping mode is applied to the electrolytic machining of the titanium alloy, the prefabricated threaded hole is difficult to machine, and the clamp cannot be applied.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an efficient and precise electrolytic machining device and a machining method for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line, which are used for solving the problems of uneven conduction, local overheating, serious waste of electrolyte which cannot be recycled and high labor intensity of manual cleaning of a machined workpiece in actual production of the titanium alloy complex inner spiral line parts.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high-efficient accurate electrolytic machining equipment of complicated internal spiral line of titanium alloy, its characterized in that: the device comprises a lathe bed, a clear liquid pool, a turbid liquid pool and a clear liquid pool, wherein 2 groups of elastic clamping devices are arranged on the lathe bed, a double-flap support is arranged on the lathe bed at the left end of the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices, and a sealed liquid collector is arranged on the lathe bed at the right end of the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices; a supporting seat is arranged between the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices, the other end of the sealed liquid collector is connected with a three-way electromagnetic valve, the other end of the double-flap type support is connected with a four-way electromagnetic valve, the three-way electromagnetic valve and the four-way electromagnetic valve are controlled by a machine tool control cabinet, the four-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with a clear liquid pool through an electrolyte inlet pipe, the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with a turbid liquid pool through an electrolyte return pipe, and the three-way electromagnetic valve is communicated with the clear water pool through a clear water return pipe; the method is characterized in that: the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices are flexibly connected through conductive braiding belts;
the elastic clamping device comprises an elastic clamping body and a conical surface locking sleeve; the elastic clamping body comprises an annular base and a conical cylinder arranged on the base, wherein a plurality of inward axial grooves are uniformly distributed and cut on the conical cylinder along the axial direction, so that the elastic clamping body has elasticity; a plurality of open slots are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the base, and threaded through holes are formed in the base between two adjacent open slots; the conical surface locking sleeve comprises an annular base and a cylinder arranged on the base, a threaded hole matched with the threaded through hole is formed in the base, the conical cylinder is inserted into the cylinder of the conical surface locking sleeve from the base side of the elastic clamping body, the elastic clamping body is connected with the conical surface locking sleeve through a fastening bolt, and the conductive braid belt is pressed at the contact position of the fastening bolt and the conical surface locking sleeve;
the circumference of the supporting seat is axially provided with a supporting seat cooling channel, and the elastic clamping body is axially provided with an elastic clamping body cooling channel;
the support seat on be provided with the positive terminal, positive terminal is connected with the power positive pole, the shaping negative pole is connected with the power negative pole through the negative pole pull rod.
Further, the taper of the conical cylinder of the elastic clamping body is 3-8 degrees.
Further, an insulating seat is arranged between the supporting seat and the lathe bed.
A processing method of high-efficiency precise electrolytic processing equipment for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the processing method comprises the following steps:
1) Two ends of a workpiece respectively penetrate through the left elastic clamping body and the right elastic clamping body and are penetrated in the elastic clamping bodies; then, the elastic clamping body and the workpiece pass through the conical surface locking sleeve and are arranged in the conical surface locking sleeve in a penetrating way; the conical surface locking sleeve is arranged on the supporting seat, and the axial distance is adjusted, so that the workpiece is simultaneously supported by the supporting seat and the double-petal type support, and the right end face of the workpiece is sealed by the sealed liquid collector;
2) The circumferential angles of the elastic clamping body and the conical surface locking sleeve are adjusted, so that the fastening bolt can simultaneously pass through the opening groove on the elastic clamping body and the threaded hole on the conical surface locking sleeve; pressing the conductive braid into the contact part of the fastening bolt and the conical surface locking sleeve, screwing the fastening bolt, connecting the two groups of elastic locking devices through the conductive braid, and converting axial force into clamping force on a workpiece by utilizing the contact of the elastic clamping body and the conical surface of the conical surface locking sleeve, so as to lock the workpiece;
3) The three-way electromagnetic valve and the four-way electromagnetic valve are controlled by a machine tool control cabinet, a main liquid return pipe, an electrolyte liquid inlet pipe and a cathode pull rod are connected, an electrolyte pump I and an electrolyte pump II are opened to introduce electrolyte, cooling water is introduced into each cooling pipeline, and a power supply is connected to start electrolytic machining on a workpiece;
4) After the processing is finished, the cathode is retreated to the leftmost processing initial position, a three-way electromagnetic valve is controlled by a machine tool control cabinet to be communicated with a main liquid return pipe and a clear water liquid return pipe, a four-way electromagnetic valve is controlled to be communicated with a clear water inlet pipe and a cathode pull rod, so that high-pressure clear water is introduced into a pipeline, and the injected clear water is discharged from the liquid return pipe for about 3-8 minutes; and then, a machine tool control cabinet is used for controlling a three-way electromagnetic valve to be communicated with a main liquid return pipe and a clear water liquid return pipe, controlling a four-way electromagnetic valve to be communicated with a high-pressure air inlet pipe and a pull rod, introducing high-pressure air into a pipeline, and discharging the high-pressure air from the clear water liquid return pipe for about 5-10 minutes, so that the whole processing process is finished.
Further, the electrolyte is 5% NaCl+15% NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 Is a composite electrolyte of (2) ， The temperature of the electrolyte is 26-40 ℃, the inlet pressure of the electrolyte is 1.0-2.0 MPa,
further, the diameter of the workpiece is phi 30 mm-phi 150mm, and the length of the pipe is 80 mm-5000 mm.
Further, the processing speed is 10 mm/min-40 mm/min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention adopts the mode that the conical surface of the locking component is matched with the locking workpiece, increases the conductive area on the premise of ensuring the clamping force, realizes the uniform conduction between the workpiece and the clamping device, ensures the timely release of heat generated in the processing process and ensures the uniform temperature distribution at the contact surface;
2) The elastic clamping devices of the group 2 are connected by adopting the conductive braid, so that the even distribution of the Joule heat on the whole workpiece is realized, and the influence of local temperature overheating on the electrolytic machining quality and the stability and reliability of the machining process are avoided;
3) According to the invention, the cooling water channel is arranged on the clamping device, so that the whole overheating of the conductive clamping device is prevented, the conductivity of electrolyte in a processing area is influenced, the consistency of the processing size and the surface quality of a workpiece is influenced, and even a short circuit phenomenon is caused in extreme cases;
4) After the electrolytic machining is finished, the electromagnetic valve is precisely controlled by the machine tool control system. Firstly, injecting high-pressure water into a processed workpiece to clean residual electrolyte in an inner pipe of the workpiece; and secondly, injecting high-pressure air into the machined workpiece pipe, and removing residual liquid in the pipe to realize efficient cleaning of the workpiece.
5) The control method of the invention not only realizes sustainable recycling of electrolyte, but also can greatly reduce the labor intensity of workers for cleaning special-shaped internal spiral line parts.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the tapered locking sleeve;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the tapered locking sleeve;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the resilient clamp body;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the resilient clamp body;
marking: 1. a three-way electromagnetic valve; 2. sealing the liquid collector; 3. an elastic clamping body; 4. a conical surface locking sleeve; 5. a support base; 6. conductive braid; 7. a workpiece; 8. an elastic clamping body cooling tube; 9. a support cooling tube; 10. forming a cathode; 11. a cathode pull rod; 12. a double-flap support; 13. a machine tool control cabinet; 14. a four-way electromagnetic valve; 15. a positive terminal; 16. an insulating base; 17. a bed body; 18. a clear night pool; 19. a turbid liquid pool; 20. a clean water tank;
1-1, a main liquid return pipe; 1-2, a clear water liquid return pipe; 1-3, an electrolyte return pipe;
2-1, a sealing ring;
3-1, fastening bolts; 3-2, a screw; 3-3, an open slot;
10-1, a filtering structure;
14-1, introducing clear water into the pipe; 14-2, introducing electrolyte into the pipe; 14-3, high-pressure air inlet pipe;
18-1, an electrolyte pump I; 18-2, an overflow valve I; 18-3, a fine filtering device;
19-1, a coarse filtration device; 19-2, an overflow valve II; 19-3, an electrolyte pump II.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides high-efficiency precise electrolytic machining equipment for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a sealed liquid collector 2, a double-flap support 12, a machine tool control cabinet 13, a machine tool body 17, a clear liquid pool 18, a turbid liquid pool 19, a clear water pool 20 and 2 groups of elastic clamping devices;
2 groups of elastic clamping devices are arranged on the lathe bed 17, a double-flap type support 12 is arranged on the lathe bed 17 at the left end of the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices and used for supporting the left end of a workpiece 7, and a sealed liquid collector 2 is arranged on the lathe bed 17 at the right end; a supporting seat 5 is arranged between the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices and used for supporting the middle part of a workpiece 7, the other end of the sealed liquid collector 2 is connected with a three-way electromagnetic valve 1, the other end of the double-flap type support 12 is connected with a four-way electromagnetic valve 14, the three-way electromagnetic valve 1 and the four-way electromagnetic valve 14 are controlled by a machine tool control cabinet 13, and the three-way electromagnetic valve 1 can realize the connection of the main liquid return pipe 1-1, the electrolyte liquid return pipe 1-3 and the clear water liquid return pipe 1-2. The four-way electromagnetic valve 14 can realize the communication of the clean water inlet pipe 14-1, the electrolyte inlet pipe 14-2, the high-pressure air inlet pipe 14-3 and the cathode pull rod 11;
electrolyte enters the electrolyte inlet pipe 14-2 and the cathode pull rod 11 through the electrolyte pump 18-1 by passing through the electrolyte tank 18 through the fine filtering device 18-3, enters a machining gap from the formed cathode 10, is discharged into the turbid liquid tank 19 from the electrolyte return pipe 1-3, passes through the coarse filtering device 19-1 and enters the electrolyte tank 18 through the electrolyte pump two 19-3. Wherein the overflow valve I18-2 and the overflow valve II 19-2 play a role in liquid return;
the coarse filter device 19-1 arranged in the turbid liquid pond 19 and the fine filter device 18-3 arranged in the clear liquid pond 18 form a three-stage filter structure together with a cathode with a filter function, so that complete filtration of electrolyte can be ensured. The filtering function of the shaped cathode 10 is realized by means of an internally arranged filtering structure 10-1;
the elastic clamping device comprises an elastic clamping body 3 and a conical surface locking sleeve 4;
the structure of the elastic clamping body 3 comprises an annular base and conical cylinders arranged on the base, the taper of the conical cylinders is 3-8 degrees, and 8 inward axial grooves are uniformly distributed and cut on the conical cylinders along the axial direction, so that the conical cylinders with elasticity can be outwards opened or inwards contracted, the elastic clamping body 3 can clamp a workpiece 7, the inner surface of the elastic clamping body 3 is tightly contacted with the outer surface of the workpiece 7, and good and uniform conduction of a contact part is ensured; a plurality of open slots 3-3 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the base, and threaded through holes 3-4 are formed in the base between two adjacent open slots 3-3, as shown in fig. 4 and 5;
the conical surface locking sleeve 4 comprises an annular base and a column body arranged on the base, the base is provided with a threaded hole matched with the threaded through hole 3-4, as shown in figures 2 and 3,
the conical cylinder of the elastic clamping body 3 is inserted into the cylinder of the conical locking sleeve 4 from the base side of the elastic clamping body 3, the elastic clamping body 3 and the conical locking sleeve 4 are connected through the fastening bolt 3-1, the elastic clamping body 3 and the conical locking sleeve 4 form a group of elastic pressing devices, and the conductive braid belt 6 is pressed at the contact position of the fastening bolt 3-1 and the conical locking sleeve 4;
in the clamping state, the withdrawing screw 3-2 passes through the threaded through hole 3-4 on the elastic clamping body 3, and the bottom end of the withdrawing screw 3-2 is in direct contact with the bottom surface of the conical surface locking sleeve 4. When the workpiece is required to be withdrawn, the withdrawing screw 3-2 is screwed to separate the elastic clamping body 3 and the conical surface locking sleeve 4 from each other, so that the workpiece is disassembled;
the right end seal of the workpiece 7 is realized by compressing a sealing ring 2-1 on the liquid return sleeve 2 with the end face; the sealing of the left end of the workpiece 7 is achieved by a sealing ring arranged between the shaped cathode 10 and the workpiece 7.
The circumference of the supporting seat 5 is axially provided with a supporting seat cooling channel 9, and the elastic clamping body 3 is axially provided with an elastic clamping body cooling channel 8;
the positive terminal 15 is arranged on the supporting seat 5, the positive terminal 15 is connected with the positive electrode of a power supply, the formed cathode 10 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply through the cathode pull rod 11, and the insulating seat 16 is arranged between the supporting seat 5 and the lathe bed 17, so that the integral insulation of the lathe bed 17 is ensured.
The diameter of the workpiece 7 is phi 30 mm-phi 150mm, and the length of the pipe is 80 mm-5000 mm.
A processing method of high-efficiency precise electrolytic processing equipment for a titanium alloy complex inner spiral line comprises the following steps:
1) Two ends of a workpiece 7 respectively penetrate through the left elastic clamping body 3 and the right elastic clamping body 3 and are penetrated into the elastic clamping bodies 3; then, the elastic clamping body 3 and the workpiece 7 pass through the conical surface locking sleeve 4 and are arranged in the conical surface locking sleeve 4 in a penetrating way; the conical surface locking sleeve 4 is arranged on the supporting seat 5, and the axial distance is adjusted, so that the workpiece 7 is simultaneously supported by the supporting seat 5 and the double-flap type support 12, and the right end face of the workpiece is sealed by the sealed liquid collector 2;
2) The circumferential angles of the elastic clamping body 3 and the conical surface locking sleeve 4 are adjusted, so that the fastening bolt 3-1 can simultaneously pass through the open slot 3-1 on the elastic clamping body 3 and the threaded hole on the conical surface locking sleeve 4; pressing the conductive braid belt 6 into the contact part of the fastening bolt 3-1 and the conical surface locking sleeve 4, screwing the fastening bolt 3-1, connecting the two groups of elastic locking devices through the conductive braid belt 6, and utilizing the elastic clamping body 3 to contact the conical surface of the conical surface locking sleeve 4 to convert axial force into clamping force on a workpiece, so as to lock the workpiece 7;
3) The three-way electromagnetic valve 1 and the four-way electromagnetic valve 14 are controlled through the machine tool control cabinet 13, the main liquid return pipe 1-1, the electrolyte liquid return pipe 1-3, the electrolyte liquid inlet pipe 14-2 and the cathode pull rod 11 are connected, the electrolyte liquid pump I18-1 and the electrolyte liquid pump II 19-3 are opened, electrolyte liquid is introduced into the pipelines, cooling water is introduced into each cooling pipeline, and the power supply is connected to start electrolytic machining on the workpiece;
4) After the processing is finished, the cathode 10 is retreated to the leftmost processing initial position, the three-way electromagnetic valve 1 is controlled by the machine tool control cabinet 13 to be communicated with the main liquid return pipe 1-1 and the clear water liquid return pipe 1-2, the four-way electromagnetic valve 14 is controlled to be communicated with the clear water inlet pipe 14-1 and the cathode pull rod 11, so that high-pressure clear water is introduced into a pipeline, and the injected clear water is discharged from the liquid return pipe 1-2 for about 3-8 minutes; then the three-way electromagnetic valve 1 is controlled by the machine tool control cabinet 13 to be communicated with the main liquid return pipe 1-1 and the clear water liquid return pipe 1-2, the four-way electromagnetic valve 14 is controlled to be communicated with the high-pressure air inlet pipe 14-3 and the pull rod 11, the high-pressure air is introduced into the pipeline, and the high-pressure air is discharged from the clear water liquid return pipe 1-2 for about 5 to 10 minutes, so that the whole processing process is finished.
Electrolyte used in electrolytic processing is composite electrolyte, and electrolyte formula selection is carried out by adopting a method combining orthogonal design and ash correlation theory; first, a preliminary test study of the electrolyte formulation was performed. By adopting NaNO with different concentrations 3 、NaClO 3 The composite electrolyte is subjected to a 4-factor 3-level orthogonal test, the surface of a workpiece, the forming precision and the material removal rate are taken as main targets, and the data of the test result are subjected to uniform dimension processing by using a data processing method of gray correlation analysis, so that the relation between the concentration of each component of the electrolyte and an optimization target is obtained. The electrolyte formula is 15 percent NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 The composite electrolyte of (2) is the primary selection result;
to further improve the processing efficiency, realize more efficient and stable electrolytic processing, the electrolytic processing method is characterized in that 15 percent NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 NaCl component is added on the basis of the composite electrolyte. 5% NaCl+15% NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 、10％NaCl+15％NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 And 15% NaCl+15% NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 The three electrolyte formulations were subjected to comparative tests. And carrying out limit feed speed test under the condition that the inlet pressure of the electrolyte is 1.0-2.0 MPa and the temperature of the electrolyte is 26-40 ℃. The cathode feed rate was gradually increased starting from 10mm/min until spark or short circuit conditions occurred, exploring the limiting feed rate for each electrolyte formulation. Final determination of 5% NaCl+15% NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 The composite electrolyte of (2) is an optimal formula;
the other processing parameters are determined by developing the influences of different processing parameters on the material removal rate, the surface roughness and the processing gap, and selecting the optimal processing parameters. And finally determining the following main parameters: electrolyte temperature: 26-40 ℃, the inlet pressure of the electrolyte is 1.0-2.0 MPa,5% NaCl+15% NaNO 3 +6％NaClO 3 The composite electrolyte can realize stable and reliable electrolytic machining for a long time with the machining speed of 10 mm/min-40 mm/min.
The invention adopts the mode that the conical surface of the locking component is matched with the locking workpiece, increases the conductive area on the premise of ensuring the clamping force, realizes the uniform conduction between the workpiece and the clamping device, ensures the timely release of heat generated in the processing process and ensures the uniform temperature distribution at the contact surface;
the two groups of clamps are connected by adopting the conductive braid, so that the even distribution of the joule heat on the whole workpiece is realized, and the influence of local temperature overheating on the electrolytic machining quality and the stability and reliability of the machining process are avoided; a cooling water channel is arranged on the clamp and the inner sleeve to prevent the whole conductive clamping device from overheating and affecting the conductivity of electrolyte in a processing area, thereby affecting the processing size and the surface quality of a workpiece and even causing a short circuit phenomenon in extreme cases;
after the electrolytic machining is finished, the electromagnetic valve is precisely controlled by the machine tool control system. Firstly, high-pressure water is injected into a processed workpiece, so that the residual electrolyte in the inner pipe of the workpiece is cleaned. And secondly, injecting high-pressure air into the machined workpiece pipe, and removing residual liquid in the pipe to realize efficient cleaning of the workpiece.
The control method of the invention not only realizes sustainable recycling of electrolyte, but also greatly reduces labor intensity of workers for cleaning special-shaped internal spiral line parts.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and it should be noted that modifications and variations could be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A high-efficient accurate electrolytic machining equipment of complicated internal spiral line of titanium alloy, its characterized in that: the device comprises a lathe bed (17), a clear liquid pool (18), a turbid liquid pool (19) and a clear liquid pool (20), wherein 2 groups of elastic clamping devices are arranged on the lathe bed (17), a double-flap type support (12) is arranged on a left-end lathe bed (17) of the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices, and a sealed liquid collector (2) is arranged on a right-end lathe bed (17); a supporting seat (5) is arranged between the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices, the other end of the sealed liquid collector (2) is connected with a three-way electromagnetic valve (1), the other end of the double-flap type support (12) is connected with a four-way electromagnetic valve (14), the three-way electromagnetic valve (1) and the four-way electromagnetic valve (14) are controlled by a machine tool control cabinet (13), the four-way electromagnetic valve (14) is communicated with a clear liquid pool (18) through an electrolyte inlet pipe (14-2), the three-way electromagnetic valve (1) is communicated with a turbid liquid pool (19) through an electrolyte return pipe (1-3), and is communicated with a clear water pool (20) through a clear water return pipe (1-2); the method is characterized in that: the 2 groups of elastic clamping devices are flexibly connected through conductive braiding belts (6);
the elastic clamping device comprises an elastic clamping body (3) and a conical surface locking sleeve (4); the elastic clamping body (3) comprises an annular base and a conical column body arranged on the base, wherein a plurality of inward axial grooves are uniformly distributed and cut on the conical column body along the axial direction so as to enable the conical column body to have elasticity; a plurality of open slots (3-3) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the base, and threaded through holes (3-4) are formed in the base between two adjacent open slots (3-3); the conical surface locking sleeve (4) comprises an annular base and a cylinder arranged on the base, a threaded hole matched with the threaded through hole (3-4) is formed in the base, the conical cylinder is inserted into the cylinder of the conical surface locking sleeve (4) from the base side of the elastic clamping body (3), the elastic clamping body (3) is connected with the conical surface locking sleeve (4) through a fastening bolt (3-1), and the conductive braid belt (6) is pressed at the contact position of the fastening bolt (3-1) and the conical surface locking sleeve (4);
a supporting seat cooling channel (9) is axially arranged on the circumference of the supporting seat (5), and an elastic clamping body cooling channel (8) is axially arranged on the elastic clamping body (3);
the support seat (5) is provided with a positive terminal (15), the positive terminal (15) is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the formed cathode (10) is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply through a cathode pull rod (11);
the diameter of the workpiece (7) to be processed is phi 30 mm-phi 150mm, and the length of the pipe is 80 mm-5000 mm.
2. The efficient and precise electrolytic machining device for the complex internal spiral line of the titanium alloy, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the taper of the conical cylinder of the elastic clamping body (3) is 3-8 degrees.
3. The efficient and precise electrolytic machining device for the complex internal spiral line of the titanium alloy according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrolytic machining device is characterized in that: an insulating seat (16) is arranged between the supporting seat (5) and the lathe bed (17).
4. The processing method of the high-efficiency and precise electrolytic processing equipment for the complex internal spiral line of the titanium alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the processing method comprises the following steps:
1) Two ends of a workpiece (7) respectively penetrate through the left elastic clamping body (3) and the right elastic clamping body (3) and are penetrated in the elastic clamping bodies (3); then, the elastic clamping body (3) and the workpiece (7) penetrate through the conical surface locking sleeve (4) and are arranged in the conical surface locking sleeve (4) in a penetrating way; the conical surface locking sleeve (4) is arranged on the supporting seat (5), and the axial distance is adjusted, so that the workpiece (7) is simultaneously supported by the supporting seat (5) and the double-flap type support (12), and the right end face of the workpiece is sealed by the sealed liquid collector (2);
2) The circumferential angles of the elastic clamping body (3) and the conical surface locking sleeve (4) are adjusted, so that the fastening bolt (3-1) can simultaneously pass through the open slot (3-1) on the elastic clamping body (3) and the threaded hole on the conical surface locking sleeve (4); pressing the conductive braid (6) into the contact part of the fastening bolt (3-1) and the conical surface locking sleeve (4), screwing the fastening bolt (3-1) to connect the two groups of elastic locking devices through the conductive braid (6), and utilizing the elastic clamping body (3) to contact the conical surface of the conical surface locking sleeve (4) to convert the axial force into the clamping force on the workpiece, so as to lock the workpiece (7);
3) The three-way electromagnetic valve (1) and the four-way electromagnetic valve (14) are controlled through the machine tool control cabinet (13), the main liquid return pipe (1-1) and the electrolyte liquid return pipe (1-3), the electrolyte liquid inlet pipe (14-2) and the cathode pull rod (11) are connected, the electrolyte liquid pump I (18-1) and the electrolyte liquid pump II (19-3) are opened to introduce electrolyte liquid into the pipelines, cooling water is introduced into each cooling pipeline, and the power supply is connected to start electrolytic machining on the workpiece;
4) After the processing is finished, the cathode (10) is retreated to the leftmost processing initial position, a three-way electromagnetic valve (1) is controlled by a machine tool control cabinet (13) to be communicated with a main liquid return pipe (1-1) and a clear water liquid return pipe (1-2), a four-way electromagnetic valve (14) is controlled to be communicated with a clear water inlet pipe (14-1) and a cathode pull rod (11), so that high-pressure clear water is introduced into a pipeline, and injected clear water is discharged from the liquid return pipe (1-2) for 3-8 minutes; and then, a machine tool control cabinet (13) is used for controlling a three-way electromagnetic valve (1) to be connected with a main liquid return pipe (1-1) and a clear water liquid return pipe (1-2), a four-way electromagnetic valve (14) is controlled to be connected with a high-pressure air inlet pipe (14-3) and a pull rod (11), high-pressure air is introduced into a pipeline, and the high-pressure air is discharged from the clear water liquid return pipe (1-2) for 5-10 minutes, so that the whole processing process is finished.
5. The processing method of the high-efficiency and precise electrolytic processing equipment for the complex internal spiral line of the titanium alloy, which is disclosed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the electrolyte is 5 percent NaCl+15 percent NaNO 3 +6%NaClO 3 Is a composite electrolyte of (2) ， The temperature of the electrolyte is 26-40 ℃, and the inlet pressure of the electrolyte is 1.0-2.0 MPa.
6. The processing method of the high-efficiency and precise electrolytic processing equipment for the complex internal spiral line of the titanium alloy, which is disclosed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the processing speed is 10 mm/min-40 mm/min.
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