CN111992583A - Method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland - Google Patents

Method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111992583A
CN111992583A CN202010730147.1A CN202010730147A CN111992583A CN 111992583 A CN111992583 A CN 111992583A CN 202010730147 A CN202010730147 A CN 202010730147A CN 111992583 A CN111992583 A CN 111992583A
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plants
farmland
soil
polluted
plant
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CN202010730147.1A
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Inventor
吴竞宇
燕云仲
肖满
郭志格
王姝
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Cecep Dadi Hangzhou Environmental Remediation Co ltd
China Energy Conservation Dadi Environmental Remediation Co ltd
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Cecep Dadi Hangzhou Environmental Remediation Co ltd
China Energy Conservation Dadi Environmental Remediation Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010730147.1A priority Critical patent/CN111992583A/en
Publication of CN111992583A publication Critical patent/CN111992583A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/10Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
    • B09C1/105Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C2101/00In situ

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for restoring a farmland polluted by alkaline mercury, which comprises the steps of selecting a polluted farmland, sampling, obtaining a detection value, selecting low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants for restoration, pretreating the polluted farmland, interplanting and drilling the selected low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants, and performing field management in the plant growth period until the plants can be harvested; and (4) treating the plants after the plants are mature, collecting farmland soil, and if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, successfully repairing. The method is suitable for repairing the farmland polluted by low-risk alkaline mercury, the pollutants in the farmland soil of which exceed the soil environment quality control standard (trial) of soil pollution risk of agricultural land (GB 15618-2018) and are lower than the soil pollution risk control value of the agricultural land, and the problem of no economic income during the repairing of the polluted farmland is solved by using the interplanting technology of low-accumulation plants and high-enrichment plants; the repairing effect is good, and the repairing efficiency is high.

Description

Method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of restoration of polluted soil, in particular to a method for restoring an alkaline mercury polluted farmland.
Background
Farmland soil is used as the basis of crop growth and is a main source of plant nutrient elements, and because of the prior use of a large amount of pesticides and fertilizers and the long-term irrigation of sewage, the farmland soil is polluted unprecedentedly.
Overall, in farmland pollution, heavy metal pollution is serious, the pollution area is as high as 200 hectares, and 1/6 of the cultivated land area in China is occupied; the main pollutants are heavy metal, dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the like.
For crops produced in slightly and slightly polluted farmlands, the soil pollution risks such as non-compliance with quality safety standards may exist, and at present, agricultural regulation and replacement planting and other safety utilization measures are often adopted for the polluted farmlands, which means that no economic income exists during the restoration of the polluted farmlands, and the investment and the harvest are obviously not matched.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the polluted farmland has no economic income during the restoration period in the prior art, and provides an optimized method for restoring the alkali mercury polluted farmland.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for restoring the alkaline mercury polluted farmland comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a polluted farmland, sampling, obtaining a detection value, and selecting low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants for restoration;
step 2: pretreating the selected polluted farmland;
and step 3: carrying out interplanting drill sowing on the selected low-accumulation plants and the super-enrichment plants;
and 4, step 4: performing field management in the plant growth period until the plant can be harvested; the field management comprises scientific and reasonable irrigation, additional fertilization, weeding and the like;
and 5: after the plants are mature, the plants are disposed;
step 6: and (3) collecting farmland soil, if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, successfully repairing, and if not, returning to the step 2.
Preferably, the step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1.1: selecting a polluted farmland, wherein pollutants in soil of the polluted farmland exceed the agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value and are lower than the agricultural land soil pollution risk control value; the numerical values refer to 'soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk management and control standards (trial)' (GB 15618-2018).
Step 1.2: collecting a selected soil sample of the polluted farmland, and detecting the pH value and the heavy metal content in the soil; meanwhile, the obtained detection value can be used as a subsequent background value to carry out comprehensive consideration when evaluating the soil pollution condition;
step 1.3: and selecting the plants for repair according to the local crop planting habits of the selected polluted farmland.
Preferably, in the step 1.2, the depth of the collected sample is 20 cm.
Preferably, in step 2, the preprocessing includes:
ploughing the selected polluted farmland; specifically, under the premise that the depth of a collected sample is 20cm, a rotary cultivator is used for ploughing a selected area, and the ploughing depth is 20 cm;
and confirming one or more of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and an organic fertilizer according to the selected plants for repairing.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the addition amount is 30-70 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the addition amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 20-50 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the addition amount of the potash fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is animal manure, and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg-1200 kg/mu.
Preferably, the low accumulation plant is one of corn, wheat or rice; the hyper-enriched plant is Euphorbia pekinensis;
in the invention, plant seeds are preferably selected for low-accumulation plants or hyper-enrichment plants, and seeds with large grains, full seeds, bright color and high germination rate are selected.
Preferably, the low accumulation plants and the hyper-enriched plants are drill cuttings.
Preferably, the number of rows of said low-accumulation plants of an interplanting drill is less than or equal to the number of rows of hyper-enriched plants; generally, the corn is sown in 2 rows and the Euphorbia pekinensis is sown in 2-3 rows.
According to the method, a ditch-punching sowing mode is selected for corn sowing, the distance between ditches is 40-60 cm, the plant spacing is 25-40 cm, the sowing depth is required to be consistent, the seed sowing depth is about 3-5 cm, 2-3 seeds are dibbled in each hole, and the soil is tightly covered; the sowing row spacing of the euphorbia pekinensis is 25-30 cm, the plant spacing is 25-30 cm, the sowing depth is required to be consistent, the seed sowing depth is about 1-3 cm, 3-5 seeds are dibbled in each hole, and the soil is tightly covered.
Preferably, in step 5, the disposing comprises:
collecting samples of corn fruits and straws after the corns are ripe for detection, if the heavy metal content is larger than or equal to a preset value, generally referring to a corresponding value in feed sanitation standard (GB 13078-2017), transporting the samples to a local biological power plant for biomass power generation, and burying the generated ash after solidification and stabilization treatment, otherwise using the samples as a raw material of the feed;
corresponding values in the feed hygiene Standard (GB 13078-2017) include a mercury content value of 0.1 mg/kg;
the euphorbia pekinensis is harvested once in the mature period of seeds or harvested once in different periods of plant growth respectively; different parts of the plant are detected after being harvested, the plant is transported to a local biological power plant for biomass power generation, and the generated ash is solidified and stabilized for disposal and then is buried.
In the invention, the euphorbia pekinensis can be harvested once or three times in the growth period; the primary harvesting time is harvesting in a seed maturation period or harvesting for three times in 150-180 days after sowing; when three harvests are used, the first harvest is in the full-bloom stage (the number of blossoms reaches 25% of the total flower amount), the second harvest is in the late stage of blooming (pollination is completed), and the third harvest is in the mature stage of seeds. The yield of the euphorbia pekinensis is 0.8 to 1.2 tons/mu; and packaging and conveying the harvested seeds to an incineration disposal unit for incineration disposal.
Preferably, in step 6, the soil of the area where the euphorbia pekinensis is planted is collected, if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, the remediation is successful, and if not, the step 2 is returned.
The invention provides an optimized method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland, which comprises the steps of selecting a polluted farmland, sampling, obtaining a detection value, selecting low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants for restoration, preprocessing the selected polluted farmland, carrying out interplanting and drilling on the selected low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants, and carrying out field management in the plant growth period until the plants can be harvested; and (4) treating the plants after the plants are mature, collecting farmland soil, and if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, successfully repairing.
The method is suitable for repairing the farmland polluted by low-risk alkaline mercury, the pollutants in the farmland soil of which exceed the soil environment quality control standard (trial) of soil pollution risk of agricultural land (GB 15618-2018) and are lower than the soil pollution risk control value of the agricultural land, and the problem of no economic income during the repairing of the polluted farmland is solved by using the interplanting technology of low-accumulation plants and high-enrichment plants; the repairing effect is good, and the repairing efficiency is high.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
Early-stage investigation results of farmlands in certain pollution irrigation areas in the north indicate that the content of partial mercury in the farmland soil exceeds the standard, the exceeding rate is 15%, the maximum pollution concentration is 3.6mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 7.6-8.4; the experimental restoration area is 10000m2The length multiplied by the width is 100 multiplied by 100 m;
according to the local crop planting habit, the corn variety Dongsan No. 60 is selected as the low-accumulation crop, and the high-enrichment plant is selected from Euphorbia pekinensis as the mercury-enrichment plant.
Planting is started in month 4 of the first year, the row spacing of the corns is 38-40 cm, the plant spacing is 27-30 cm, the row spacing of the Euphorbia pekinensis is 28-30 cm, the plant spacing is 28-30 cm, the corns and the Euphorbia pekinensis are intercropped, and the intercropping mode is 2 rows of corns and 3 rows of Euphorbia pekinensis.
The corn is harvested in 10 months, and the mercury content in corn kernels and straws is detected to be lower than 0.1mg/kg, so that the mercury content requirement in feed sanitation standard (GB 13078-2017) is met; the corn is harvested by 12451 jin in total, and the yield per mu is 415 kg/mu;
harvesting the euphorbia pekinensis in 10 months, wherein the biomass is 12 tons, and the yield per mu is 0.8 ton; the maximum mercury content in the soil is 3.3 mg/kg through detection. The mercury pollution risk screening value (3.4 mg/kg) of the soil mercury in the agricultural land is lower than the soil pollution risk control standard (trial) of soil environmental quality agricultural land (GB 15618-2018), and the remediation requirement is met.
Example 2
In a certain farmland in the north, early-stage investigation results show that the content of partial mercury in farmland soil exceeds the standard, the exceeding rate is 22%, the maximum pollution concentration is 4.3mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 7.2-8.1; the land occupation area of the farmland is 20 mu.
According to the local crop planting habit, the corn variety Sichuan single No. 418 is selected as a low-accumulation crop, and the high-enrichment plant is selected from Euphorbia pekinensis which is taken as a mercury-enrichment plant.
Planting is started in month 4 of the first year, the row spacing of the corns is 38-40 cm, the plant spacing is 27-30 cm, the row spacing of the Euphorbia pekinensis is 28-30 cm, the plant spacing is 28-30 cm, the corns and the Euphorbia pekinensis are intercropped, and the intercropping mode is 2 rows of corns and 3 rows of Euphorbia pekinensis.
The corn is harvested in 10 months, and the mercury content in corn kernels and straws is detected to be lower than 0.1mg/kg, so that the mercury content requirement in feed sanitation standard (GB 13078-2017) is met; the corn is harvested by 16360 jin in total, and the yield per mu is 409 kg/mu;
harvesting Euphorbia pekinensis for the first time in 7 months and 15 days, wherein the biomass is 8.5 tons, harvesting for the second time in 8 months and 10 days, the biomass is 5.2 tons, and harvesting for the third time in 10 months, and the biomass is 5.6 tons; the biomass is 19.3 tons in total, and the yield per mu of the whey is 0.96 tons; the maximum concentration of mercury in the soil is 3.7 mg/kg through detection;
in the next 4 months, corn and the euphorbia pekinensis are alternately sown and harvested in 10 months, the total amount of harvested corn is 14328 jin, the yield per mu is 477 kg/mu, and the mercury content in corn grains is detected to be lower than 0.1mg/kg, so that the mercury content requirement in feed sanitation standard (GB 13078-2017) is met;
harvesting Euphorbia pekinensis for the first time in 7 months and 15 days, wherein the biomass is 8.7 tons, harvesting for the second time in 8 months and 10 days, the biomass is 5.1 tons, and harvesting for the third time in 10 months, and the biomass is 5.8 tons; the biomass is 19.6 tons in total, and the yield per mu of the whey is 0.98 ton; the maximum mercury concentration in the soil is 3.2 mg/kg through detection. Is lower than the pollution risk screening value (3.4 mg/kg) of soil mercury in agricultural land, which is the management and control standard (trial) of soil pollution risk of soil environment quality agricultural land (GB 15618-2018).

Claims (10)

1. A method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a polluted farmland, sampling, obtaining a detection value, and selecting low-accumulation plants and hyper-enrichment plants for restoration;
step 2: pretreating the selected polluted farmland;
and step 3: carrying out interplanting drill sowing on the selected low-accumulation plants and the super-enrichment plants;
and 4, step 4: performing field management in the plant growth period until the plant can be harvested;
and 5: after the plants are mature, the plants are disposed;
step 6: and (3) collecting farmland soil, if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, successfully repairing, and if not, returning to the step 2.
2. The method for remediating an alkaline mercury contaminated farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1: selecting a polluted farmland, wherein pollutants in soil of the polluted farmland exceed the agricultural land soil pollution risk screening value and are lower than the agricultural land soil pollution risk control value;
step 1.2: collecting a selected soil sample of the polluted farmland, and detecting the pH value and the heavy metal content in the soil;
step 1.3: and selecting the plants for repair according to the local crop planting habits of the selected polluted farmland.
3. The method for remediating an alkaline mercury contaminated farmland according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 1.2, the depth of the collected sample is 20 cm.
4. The method for remediating an alkaline mercury contaminated farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, the pretreatment comprises:
ploughing the selected polluted farmland;
and confirming one or more of a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and an organic fertilizer according to the selected plants for repairing.
5. The method for remediation of alkaline mercury contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, and the addition amount of the urea is 30-70 kg/mu; the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate, and the addition amount of the phosphate fertilizer is 20-50 kg/mu; the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate, and the addition amount of the potash fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu; the organic fertilizer is animal manure, and the addition amount of the organic fertilizer is 800 kg-1200 kg/mu.
6. The method for remediating an alkaline mercury contaminated farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that: the low accumulation plant is one of corn, wheat or rice; the hyper-enriched plant is Euphorbia pekinensis.
7. The method for remediation of alkaline mercury contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein: the low accumulation plants and the hyper-enriched plants are drill seeding.
8. The method for remediation of alkaline mercury contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the number of rows of the low-accumulation plants of the interplanting drill is less than or equal to the number of rows of the hyper-enrichment plants.
9. The method for remediation of alkaline mercury contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 6, wherein: in step 5, the treating comprises:
collecting corn fruits and straw samples for detection after the corns are ripe, if the heavy metal content is larger than or equal to a preset value, transporting the corn fruits and straw samples to a local biological power plant for biomass power generation, solidifying and stabilizing the generated ash, and then burying the cured ash, otherwise using the ash as a raw material of a feed;
the euphorbia pekinensis is harvested once in the mature period of seeds or harvested once in different periods of plant growth respectively; after harvesting, different parts of the plant are detected, then the plant is transported to a local biological power plant for biomass power generation, and the generated ash is solidified and stabilized and then buried.
10. The method for remediation of alkaline mercury contaminated farmland as claimed in claim 7, wherein: and 6, collecting soil of the area where the euphorbia pekinensis is planted, if the mercury content in the soil is reduced to reach a target value, successfully repairing, and if not, returning to the step 2.
CN202010730147.1A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Method for restoring alkaline mercury polluted farmland Pending CN111992583A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112692050A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-23 中节能大地(杭州)环境修复有限公司 Plant-microorganism combined remediation method for moderate and light lindane-cadmium combined polluted farmland

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CN108435768A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-08-24 湖南金旅环保股份有限公司 A kind of method that biochemical joint repairs mercury pollution
CN110328222A (en) * 2018-08-01 2019-10-15 中国科学院地球化学研究所 A kind of synchronous heavy metal pollution farmland restorative procedure for realizing phytoremediation and safety in production
CN111299316A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-06-19 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 Plant extraction-agronomic regulation combined remediation method for slightly-alkaline heavy metal contaminated farmland soil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5278885B1 (en) * 2012-05-18 2013-09-04 独立行政法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 Method and apparatus for removing contaminants contained in agricultural soil
CN106853458A (en) * 2015-12-09 2017-06-16 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 A kind of method of the low accumulation restoring cadmium polluted vegetable field soil of plantation supporting with enriching plant high
CN106424105A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-22 北京高能时代环境技术股份有限公司 Method for remediating Hg-polluted soil of farmland through plant
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CN108435768A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-08-24 湖南金旅环保股份有限公司 A kind of method that biochemical joint repairs mercury pollution
CN110328222A (en) * 2018-08-01 2019-10-15 中国科学院地球化学研究所 A kind of synchronous heavy metal pollution farmland restorative procedure for realizing phytoremediation and safety in production
CN111299316A (en) * 2019-11-25 2020-06-19 中节能大地环境修复有限公司 Plant extraction-agronomic regulation combined remediation method for slightly-alkaline heavy metal contaminated farmland soil

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112692050A (en) * 2020-12-08 2021-04-23 中节能大地(杭州)环境修复有限公司 Plant-microorganism combined remediation method for moderate and light lindane-cadmium combined polluted farmland

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Application publication date: 20201127