CN111987378B - Charging and discharging method for improving OCV consistency of lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Charging and discharging method for improving OCV consistency of lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111987378B
CN111987378B CN202010812983.4A CN202010812983A CN111987378B CN 111987378 B CN111987378 B CN 111987378B CN 202010812983 A CN202010812983 A CN 202010812983A CN 111987378 B CN111987378 B CN 111987378B
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constant
current
voltage
charging
batteries
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CN111987378A (en
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孙波
郗海琴
刘耀辉
高丹
张绍丽
伍绍中
周江
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Lishen Qingdao New Energy Co Ltd
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Lishen Qingdao New Energy Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0068Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses a charge and discharge method for improving OCV consistency of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the same type of multiple batteries to a first voltage V by adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Second, standing: standing the battery for 5-30 min; thirdly, constant current discharge: adopting a constant-current discharging system to discharge 1 C.Ah from a plurality of batteries; fourth, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries for 5-30 min; fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the multiple batteries to a second voltage V by adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Sixth, standing: and continuously standing the plurality of batteries for 5-30 min, so that the open circuit voltage OCV consistency of the plurality of batteries is finally improved. The invention can effectively improve the consistency of the OCV of the lithium ion battery and reduce the pressure difference value and the OCV distribution of a plurality of batteries in the same batch.

Description

Charging and discharging method for improving OCV consistency of lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a charge and discharge method for improving OCV consistency of a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has been widely applied to small portable consumer electronic products, large and medium energy storage devices, new energy automobiles and other fields due to the characteristics of high energy density, excellent cycle life and the like.
In the practical use process of the lithium ion battery, in order to ensure the voltage and capacity requirements of the battery system, a plurality of serial-parallel connection modes are generally adopted, so that higher requirements are put on the consistency of the lithium ion battery.
Currently, lithium batteries within a certain Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) range are typically screened as battery cells in a set of systems to ensure that the initial voltage differential across the system is less than a certain value. The open circuit voltage, i.e. the voltage reaches a substantially stable value after the battery has been fully left to stand for a period of time after a certain charge and discharge, is the open circuit voltage.
Therefore, how to effectively adjust the OCV of the lithium battery by the charge-discharge system, reduce the open-circuit voltage differential value (Δocv) of the batteries in the same batch, and improve the battery matching rate in the same batch, plays a very critical role in the use of the battery system, and is a technical problem to be solved currently in need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of OCV of a lithium ion battery aiming at the technical defects existing in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of OCV of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the same type of multiple batteries to a first voltage V by adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system 1
Second, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the first step for 5-30 min;
thirdly, constant current discharge: adopting a constant-current discharge system to discharge 1 C.Ah from the plurality of batteries which finish the second step;
fourth, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries subjected to the third step for 5-30 min;
fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: continuously adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system to charge the voltages of the batteries which finish the fourth step to a second voltage V 2
Sixth, standing: and (3) continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the fifth step for 5-30 min, and finally improving the open circuit voltage OCV consistency of the plurality of batteries.
In the first step, the constant-current and constant-voltage charging step in the first step is divided into a constant-current phase and a constant-voltage phase, and specifically comprises the following steps: first at constant currentStage for presetting a first current I 1 Charging the battery to a first voltage V 1 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 1 Charging current is limited to a preset second current I 2 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 1 ≤0.5C·A;I 2 ≤0.05C·A;4.15V≤V 1 ≤4.35V。
In the third step, the constant current discharge step of the third step specifically adopts the preset third current I 3 Constant-current discharge is carried out, the capacity is limited to 1.0C.Ah, and the discharge time is 60-300 min;
wherein I is 3 ≤1.0C·A。
In the fifth step, the constant-current and constant-voltage charging step in the fifth step, the charging stage is divided into a constant-current stage and a constant-voltage stage, and specifically comprises the following steps: first, in the constant current stage, the fourth current I is preset 4 Charging the battery to a second voltage V 2 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 2 Charging current limited to a fifth current I 5 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 4 ≤0.5C·A;I 5 ≤0.05C·A;3.50V≤V 2 ≤3.72V。
Wherein, the batteries in the first step to the sixth step are all at an ambient temperature of 25+/-5 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of the OCV of the lithium ion battery is scientific in design, can effectively improve the consistency of the open-circuit voltage OCV of the lithium ion battery, reduces the open-circuit voltage differential value (delta OCV) of a plurality of batteries in the same batch, and effectively reduces the OCV distribution of the plurality of batteries in the same batch. The charge and discharge method of the ternary lithium ion battery provided by the invention is simple to operate, has low equipment requirement, can effectively reduce open circuit voltage OCV differential pressure in the subsequent serial-parallel connection use process, and has great practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of OCV of a lithium ion battery;
FIG. 2 is a plot of open circuit voltage OCV of multiple batteries of the same model in example 1 after charging and discharging, based on the charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of OCV of lithium ion batteries provided by the invention;
fig. 3 is an OCV scattergram of open circuit voltage after charge and discharge of a plurality of batteries of the same model of comparative example 1 without using the method provided by the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
In order to better understand the aspects of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of the OCV of a lithium ion battery, which is applied to a ternary lithium ion battery and comprises the following steps:
first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the same type of multiple batteries to a first voltage V by adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system 1
Second, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the first step for 5-30 min;
thirdly, constant current discharge: adopting a constant-current discharge system to discharge 1 C.Ah from the plurality of batteries which finish the second step;
c is the charge/discharge capacity ratio of the battery, and 1C is the current intensity when the battery is fully discharged for one hour.
Fourth, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries subjected to the third step for 5-30 min;
fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: continuously adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system to charge the voltages of the batteries which finish the fourth step to a second voltage V 2
Sixth, standing: and (3) continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the fifth step for 5-30 min, and finally improving the open circuit voltage OCV consistency of the plurality of batteries.
In the invention, in particular, in the first step, the constant-current constant-voltage charging step of the first step is divided into a constant-current phase and a constant-voltage phase,the method comprises the following steps: first, in the constant current stage, the first current I is preset 1 Charging the battery to a first voltage V 1 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 1 Charging current is limited to a preset second current I 2 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 1 ≤0.5C·A;I 2 ≤0.05C·A;4.15V≤V 1 ≤4.35V。
In the third step, the constant current discharge step of the third step is realized by presetting a third current I 3 Constant-current discharge is carried out, the capacity is limited to 1.0C.Ah, and the discharge time is 60-300 min;
wherein I is 3 ≤1.0C·A。
In the invention, in the fifth step, the constant-current constant-voltage charging step of the fifth step is divided into a constant-current phase and a constant-voltage phase, and the charging phase is specifically: first, in the constant current stage, the fourth current I is preset 4 Charging the battery to a second voltage V 2 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 2 Charging current limited to a fifth current I 5 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 4 ≤0.5C·A;I 5 ≤0.05C·A;3.50V≤V 2 ≤3.72V。
In the specific implementation of the invention, the batteries in the first step to the sixth step are all at an ambient temperature of 25+/-5 ℃.
In the invention, the batteries in the first step to the sixth step are all positioned in the existing clamp, and the thickness of the battery can be restrained by the clamp to be 26.5+/-0.2 mm.
Based on the technical scheme, the charge and discharge method is scientific in design, low in requirement on charge and discharge equipment, and can effectively improve the consistency and the utilization rate of batteries in the same batch by using the existing charge and discharge equipment, and industrial production is easy to realize.
In order to more clearly understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme of the present invention is described below through specific embodiments.
Examples
The invention provides a charge and discharge method for improving OCV consistency of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps:
first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging a plurality of batteries of the same type to 4.2V at a current of 0.3 C.A in a constant current stage for 200min, then switching to a constant voltage stage, limiting the voltage to 4.2V, and charging to 0.05 C.A for 100min;
second, standing: standing the plurality of batteries which finish the first step for 30min;
thirdly, constant current discharge: adopting a 0.3 C.A constant current discharging system to discharge 1 C.Ah from the plurality of batteries which finish the second step;
fourth, standing: standing the plurality of batteries which finish the third step for 30min;
fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the batteries which are subjected to the fourth step to 3.54V by adopting a constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode, charging the batteries to 3.54V by using a current of 0.3C.A in a constant-current stage for 200min, then switching to a constant-voltage stage, limiting the voltage to 3.54V, and charging to 0.02C.A for 100min;
sixth, standing: and standing the batteries subjected to the fifth step for 30min, and finally improving the open circuit voltage OCV consistency of the batteries.
Comparative example 1.
The method for charging and discharging the multiple batteries of the same type comprises the following specific steps:
first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: the constant current stage is to charge a plurality of batteries to 4.2V with the current of 0.3 C.A, the charging time is 200min, then the constant voltage stage is switched into, the voltage is limited to 4.2V, the charging current is limited to 0.05 C.A, and the charging time is 100min;
second, standing: standing the battery after the first step for 30min;
thirdly, constant current discharge: discharging the battery which completes the second step to a voltage limiting of 2.8V by adopting a 0.3 C.A constant current discharging system;
fourth, standing: standing the battery after the third step for 30min;
fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: and (3) charging the battery which is subjected to the fourth step by adopting 0.3 C.A constant current, and charging the battery into the capacity of 1/5 C.Ah.
Sixth, standing: standing the battery after finishing the fifth step for 30min;
the open circuit voltage OCV after charge and discharge was counted for a plurality of cells of the same type as in example 1 and comparative example 1, and the results are shown in fig. 2 and 3. Among them, fig. 2 represents the open circuit voltage OCV dispersion result of the same-model multiple batteries of example 1, and fig. 3 represents the open circuit voltage OCV dispersion result of the same-model multiple batteries of comparative example 1.
As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, compared with comparative example 1, the open-circuit voltage OCV dispersion of the plurality of batteries obtained in example 1 of the present invention is small, and the voltage uniformity is good, so that it can be seen that by adopting the charge-discharge method of the present invention, the open-circuit voltage OCV dispersion of the plurality of batteries of the same model in the same batch can be effectively reduced, the voltage uniformity is improved, and the value of the open-circuit voltage differential Δocv after series-parallel connection is reduced.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the charge-discharge method for improving the consistency of the OCV of the lithium ion battery provided by the invention has scientific design, can effectively improve the consistency of the open-circuit voltage OCV of the lithium ion battery, reduces the open-circuit voltage differential value (delta OCV) of a plurality of batteries in the same batch, and effectively reduces the OCV distribution of a plurality of batteries in the same batch. The charge and discharge method of the ternary lithium ion battery provided by the invention is simple to operate, has low equipment requirement, can effectively reduce open circuit voltage OCV differential pressure in the subsequent serial-parallel connection use process, and has great practical significance.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The charge and discharge method for improving the consistency of the OCV of the lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
first, constant-current constant-voltage charging: charging the same type of multiple batteries to a first voltage V by adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system 1
Second, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the first step for 5-30 min;
thirdly, constant current discharge: adopting a constant-current discharge system to discharge 1 C.Ah from the plurality of batteries which finish the second step;
fourth, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries subjected to the third step for 5-30 min;
fifth, constant-current constant-voltage charging: continuously adopting a constant-current constant-voltage charging system to charge the voltages of the batteries which finish the fourth step to a second voltage V 2
Sixth, standing: continuously standing the plurality of batteries which finish the fifth step for 5-30 min, and finally improving the open circuit voltage OCV consistency of the plurality of batteries;
in the third step, the constant current discharge step of the third step specifically adopts the preset third current I 3 Constant-current discharge is carried out, the capacity is limited to 1.0C.Ah, and the discharge time is 60-300 min;
wherein I is 3 ≤1.0C·A。
2. The charge and discharge method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the constant current and constant voltage charging step of the first step is divided into a constant current phase and a constant voltage phase, specifically: first, in the constant current stage, the first current I is preset 1 Charging the battery to a first voltage V 1 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 1 Charging current is limited to a preset second current I 2 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 1 ≤0.5C·A;I 2 ≤0.05C·A;4.15V≤V 1 ≤4.35V。
3. The charge and discharge method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the constant-current constant-voltage charge step of the fifth step, the charge stepThe segments are divided into a constant current stage and a constant voltage stage, and specifically comprise: first, in the constant current stage, the fourth current I is preset 4 Charging the battery to a second voltage V 2 Charging for 30-300 min, then transferring to a constant voltage stage, and limiting voltage V 2 Charging current limited to a fifth current I 5 The charging time is 30-100 min;
wherein I is 4 ≤0.5C·A;I 5 ≤0.05C·A;3.50V≤V 2 ≤3.72V。
4. The charge and discharge method according to claim 1, wherein the batteries in the first to sixth steps are all at an ambient temperature of 25±5 ℃.
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CN112531841B (en) * 2020-12-03 2022-10-28 欣旺达电动汽车电池有限公司 Voltage adjusting method and device of lithium ion battery and storage medium
CN112599874B (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-06-14 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Electrochemical pretreatment method for improving performance of quasi-solid lithium ion battery
CN112736310A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-04-30 惠州锂威新能源科技有限公司 Charging and discharging method for improving consistency of K values of lithium ion batteries
CN114236397A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-25 红安力神动力电池系统有限公司 Echelon lithium battery residual capacity testing method

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