CN111985134B - Crane slewing bearing state determining method, device and related equipment - Google Patents
Crane slewing bearing state determining method, device and related equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a method and a device for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane and related equipment, and relates to the technical field of slewing bearings. Firstly, acquiring a pretightening force value of a bolt on a slewing bearing and roller rigidity of the slewing bearing, then establishing a finite element model according to a geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing, inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, a load born by the slewing bearing and preset boundary conditions into the finite element model, and acquiring finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane; then determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt; when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than the preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than the preset second stress, the slewing bearing is determined to be in a state to be adjusted. The method has the advantage of smaller error of the obtained result.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of slewing bearing, in particular to a method and a device for determining slewing bearing state of a crane and related equipment.
Background
The slewing bearing of the crawler crane is an important part for connecting the upper and lower vehicles, the roller slewing bearing can bear a large bending moment, the relative slewing of the upper and lower vehicles is realized, and the crawler crane is widely applied to large-tonnage cranes. The roller slewing bearing mainly comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and rollers, and is connected with the turntable and the slewing bearing and the base through bolts respectively.
In the use process of the slewing bearing, the slewing bearing can be deformed due to stress, and on the basis, whether the slewing bearing needs to be adjusted or not needs to be judged.
At present, whether the slewing bearing needs to be adjusted or not is generally determined by adopting a bench test or a calculation mode according to theoretical data, however, in practical application, the contact state between the roller and the inner and outer raceways is complex, so that larger errors exist in determining the state of the slewing bearing through the existing mode.
In summary, in the prior art, there is a large error in determining whether adjustment of the slewing bearing is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method, a device and related equipment for determining the slewing bearing state of a crane, which are used for solving the problem that in the prior art, a large error exists in judging whether the slewing bearing needs to be regulated or not.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the embodiment of the present application is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, where the method includes: acquiring a pretightening force value of a bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing; establishing a finite element model according to the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing; inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and a preset boundary condition into the finite element model, and acquiring finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane; determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt; and when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than a preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than a preset second stress, determining that the slewing bearing is in a state to be regulated.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a crane slewing bearing state determining apparatus, including: the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the pretightening force value of the bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing; the model building module is used for building a finite element model according to the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing; the data acquisition module is also used for inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and the preset boundary condition into the finite element model, and acquiring the finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane; the actual stress determining module is used for determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt; and the state determining module is used for determining that the slewing bearing is in a state to be regulated when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than a preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than a preset second stress.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory for storing one or more programs; a processor; the crane slewing bearing state determination method described above is implemented when the one or more programs are executed by the processor.
In a fourth aspect, embodiments of the present application further provide a computer readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which when executed by a processor, implements the above-described crane slewing bearing state determination method.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the application has the following beneficial effects:
the embodiment of the application provides a method, a device and related equipment for determining the slewing bearing state of a crane, which are characterized in that firstly, a pre-tightening force value of a bolt on a slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing are obtained, then a finite element model is built according to a geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing, then the pre-tightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and preset boundary conditions are input into the finite element model, and the finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing are obtained; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane; then determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt; when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than the preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than the preset second stress, the slewing bearing is determined to be in a state to be adjusted. Because the finite element model is adopted for analysis, and numerical values in actual operation are analyzed, the error of the obtained result is smaller.
In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered limiting in scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a slewing bearing according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a slewing bearing provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a slewing bearing finite element model provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is another flowchart of a method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a crane slewing bearing state determining device according to an embodiment of the present application.
In the figure: 100-an electronic device; a 101-processor; 102-memory; 103-a communication interface; 200-a slewing bearing state determining device of the crane; 210-a data acquisition module; 220-a model building module; 230-a coordinate system establishment module; 240-an actual stress determination module; 250-a state determination module.
Detailed Description
For the purposes of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments herein without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate an orientation or a positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, or an orientation or a positional relationship conventionally put in use of the product of the application, merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present application.
In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in a specific context.
Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
As described in the background art, at present, whether the slewing bearing needs to be adjusted is generally determined by adopting a bench test or a mode of calculating according to theoretical data, however, in practical application, the contact state between the roller and the inner and outer raceways is complex, so that large errors exist in determining the state of the slewing bearing by the existing mode.
In view of the above, the present application provides a method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, which can more accurately simulate the stress conditions of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing and a connecting bolt by using a finite element model to analyze data in actual operation, so as to obtain more accurate calculation results and smaller errors.
It should be noted that, the method for determining the slewing bearing state of the crane provided in the present application may be applied to the electronic device 100, fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of the electronic device 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application, where the electronic device 100 includes a memory 102, a processor 101, and a communication interface 103, and the memory 102, the processor 101, and the communication interface 103 are electrically connected directly or indirectly to each other to implement data transmission or interaction. For example, the components may be electrically connected to each other via one or more communication buses or signal lines.
The memory 102 may be used for storing software programs and modules, such as program instructions or modules corresponding to the crane slewing bearing state determining device 200 provided in the embodiments of the present application, and the processor 101 executes the software programs and modules stored in the memory 102, thereby executing various functional applications and data processing, and further executing the steps of the crane slewing bearing state determining method provided in the embodiments of the present application. The communication interface 103 may be used for communication of signaling or data with other node devices.
The Memory 102 may be, but is not limited to, random access Memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), programmable Read Only Memory (Programmable Read-Only Memory, PROM), erasable Read Only Memory (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable Read Only Memory (Electric Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM), etc.
The processor 101 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. The processor 101 may be a general-purpose processor including a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a network processor (Network Processor, NP), etc.; but also digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
It is to be understood that the configuration shown in fig. 1 is merely illustrative, and that electronic device 100 may also include more or fewer components than shown in fig. 1, or have a different configuration than shown in fig. 1. The components shown in fig. 1 may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof.
The crane slewing bearing state determination method provided in the embodiment of the present application will be exemplarily described below with the electronic apparatus 100 as a schematic execution body.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic flow chart of a method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane according to an embodiment of the application, which may include the following steps:
s102, acquiring a pretightening force value of a bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
S104, establishing a finite element model according to the geometrical model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
S106, inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and the preset boundary condition into a finite element model, and acquiring the finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane.
S108, determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt.
S110, when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than a preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than a preset second stress, determining that the slewing bearing is in a state to be adjusted.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a slewing bearing, where the slewing bearing mainly includes an inner ring, an outer ring and rollers, and it can be seen that an outermost annular structure of the slewing bearing is the outer ring, an innermost annular structure of the slewing bearing is the inner ring, and a ball structure between the inner ring and the outer ring is the rollers. In the use process, the inner ring of the slewing bearing is connected with the turntable through an inner ring bolt, and the outer ring of the slewing bearing is also connected with the base through an outer ring bolt.
It will be appreciated that during practical use the slewing bearing will be subjected to forces in practice, in which case the rollers of the slewing bearing will deform to some extent and to some extent the deformation will be recoverable. In other words, the roller of the slewing bearing has a certain elasticity. On this basis, when analyzing the slewing bearing state of the crane, the roller of the slewing bearing can be equivalently used as a nonlinear spring unit for analysis, so the roller stiffness of the slewing bearing can be equivalently used as the stiffness of the spring unit.
In addition, in general, the types of the inner ring bolt and the outer ring bolt are the same, and the pretightening force value of the bolt is only related to the type of the bolt, so the pretightening force value of the bolt in the application can refer to the pretightening force value of the inner ring bolt or the pretightening force value of the outer ring bolt, and the pretightening force value is not limited herein.
Of course, in other embodiments, the types of the inner ring bolt and the outer ring bolt may be different, in which case, the pre-tightening force value of the bolt may refer to any one of the pre-tightening force value of the inner ring bolt and the pre-tightening force value of the outer ring bolt, or may refer to an average value of the pre-tightening force value of the inner ring bolt and the pre-tightening force value of the outer ring bolt, which is not limited herein.
As an implementation manner, the finite element analysis software can be used for establishing a finite element model, and the finite element analysis software can be used for establishing the finite element model only by inputting the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
The finite element model is a model established by applying a finite element analysis method, and is a group of unit assemblies which are connected only at nodes, are transferred only by the nodes and are constrained only at the nodes. The basic idea of the finite element analysis method is to discretize a continuous geometrical mechanism into finite elements and set a finite number of nodes in each element, thereby treating the continuum as an aggregate of a group of elements connected only at the nodes, while selecting the node values of the field functions as basic unknowns and assuming an approximate interpolation function in each element to represent the distribution law of the field functions in the element, and then to build a finite element equation set for solving the node unknowns, thereby converting the infinite degree of freedom problem in one continuous domain into a finite degree of freedom problem in a discrete domain.
After the node value is obtained by solving, the field functions on the unit and the aggregate can be determined by the set interpolation function. For each cell, an appropriate interpolation function is selected such that the function satisfies certain conditions within the subfields, at the subfield interfaces, and at the subfield and external interface. When the unit combination is in an equilibrium state under the known external load, a series of linear equation sets taking nodes and displacement as unknown quantities are listed, after the node displacement is solved by a computer, the stress and strain of each unit are calculated by using related formulas of elastic mechanics, and when each unit is small to a certain extent, the unit represents the real situation of each place of the continuous body.
The geometric model of the slewing bearing described herein refers to a drawn geometric model of the slewing bearing, for example, a cross-sectional view of the roller slewing bearing as shown in fig. 4 may be used as the geometric model of the slewing bearing, however, in other embodiments, a three-dimensional model of the slewing bearing drawn by three-dimensional drawing software may be used as the geometric model of the slewing bearing, which is not limited in this application.
Alternatively, when the geometric model is substituted into the finite element analysis software to build the finite element model, the proportion of the geometric model may be substituted into the software at the same time, for example, the proportion is 10:1, i.e. if the actual slewing bearing diameter is 50cm, in the geometric model the slewing bearing diameter is 5cm. Of course, the scale of the geometric model with finite element analysis software may also be fixed, for example, the scale is fixed to 15:1, etc.
By the method, the finite element model can be automatically built through finite element analysis software, and the built finite element model is shown in fig. 5. To better simulate the stress situation of the actual rollers, each roller is simulated by using 3 or 5 parallel spring units, and the springs can only bear the pressure effect but cannot bear the tensile force. Meanwhile, the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing are divided by adopting a structured grid, the grids at the root parts of the rolling paths are locally encrypted, and the bolt hole areas are also locally grid encrypted, as shown in fig. 5.
After the construction in the finite element model, the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and the preset boundary condition can be input into the finite element model. Wherein the load born by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane and is in a proportional relationship. I.e. the larger the load carried by the slewing bearing, the larger the lifting load of the crane. The boundary condition is a constraint condition of the finite element model, and in the application, the corresponding position of the base is used as the boundary condition.
After the finite element model processes the data, finite element analysis stress of the bolts and maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing are output, and after actual stress of the bolts is determined through the finite element analysis stress of the bolts, the actual stress can be compared with preset stress, and whether the slewing bearing needs to be adjusted or not is judged.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, the slewing bearing of the crane is subjected to finite element analysis by establishing the finite element model, so that the state of the slewing bearing is obtained, and a more accurate result is obtained.
Wherein, as an implementation manner, the application is based on the formula
F pre ＝0.7×As×Rp
Determining a pretightening force value of the bolt, wherein F pre The pretightening force value of the bolt is represented, and As represents the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt; rp represents the bolt yield strength, and the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt and the bolt yield strength are both related to the model of the bolt. In other words, when a certain type of bolt is determined, its effective cross-sectional area and bolt yield strength can be obtained correspondingly. For example, when the bolt is of type a, the effective cross-sectional area and the bolt yield strength are B and C, respectively, and when the bolt is of type a, the effective cross-sectional area and the bolt yield strength are B and C, respectively. As one implementation, the effective cross-sectional area and bolt yield strength may be determined by a look-up table. In general, the effective cross-sectional diameter of the bolt can be checked by a table, and the cross-sectional diameter and the formula as=pi×ds 2 Determining an effective cross-sectional area of the bolt, wherein ds represents an effective cross-sectional diameter of the bolt。
And, the present application is in accordance with the formula
And (3) with
Determining the roller stiffness of the slewing bearing, wherein delta represents the contact deformation of the slewing bearing roller, Q represents the contact load of the slewing bearing roller, l represents the roller length of the slewing bearing, and K represents the roller stiffness of the slewing bearing.
It can be understood that, since the slewing bearing is replaced by the nonlinear spring unit, the slewing bearing satisfies a deformation formula of the nonlinear spring unit, namely, the elasticity is equal to the product of the elasticity coefficient and the deformation amount, wherein the elasticity coefficient is the rigidity of the slewing bearing roller, the contact load of the slewing bearing roller is equivalent to the elasticity, and the contact deformation of the slewing bearing roller is equivalent to the deformation amount. In general, the contact load of the slewing bearing roller is 0 to 300000N.
As one implementation, in determining the actual stress of the bolt, the formula is followed
Determining the actual stress of the bolt, wherein sigma ca Representing the actual stress of the bolt, σ representing the finite element analysis stress of the bolt, τ representing the generation of the bolt from the pretension torqueShear stress, W t Representing the torsional section coefficient of the bolt, M G Represents the pre-tightening torque of the bolt d s Representing the effective cross-sectional diameter of the bolt; and the pre-tightening torque of the bolt and the effective section diameter of the bolt are both related to the type of the bolt.
After the actual stress of the bolt and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring are obtained, the actual stress of the bolt is compared with the preset first stress, the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is compared with the preset second stress, when the actual stress of the bolt or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than the preset value, the slewing bearing is required to be regulated and maintained, namely, the slewing bearing is determined to be in a state to be regulated, and after receiving the information, a worker can regulate the slewing bearing so as to enable the slewing bearing to normally operate. Wherein the preset first stress and the preset second stress may be the same or different.
As an implementation, referring to fig. 6, before S106, the method further includes:
s105, establishing a cylindrical coordinate system at the center of gravity of the slewing bearing.
S106 includes:
inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing, a preset boundary condition and a cylindrical coordinate system into a finite element model, and obtaining a stress curve of a roller output by the finite element model on the cylindrical coordinate system, and an axial deformation curve and a radial deformation curve of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing on the cylindrical coordinate system.
The stress curve of the roller on the cylindrical coordinate system, the axial deformation curve and the radial deformation curve of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing on the cylindrical coordinate system can provide a basis for adjusting the slewing bearing, and further the roller repairing effect of the slewing bearing is better. For example, after the worker obtains the axial deformation curve and the radial deformation curve of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing on the cylindrical coordinate system, the worker can calculate the relative deformation inclination angle according to the curve, so as to provide a basis for repairing the rollers of the slewing bearing.
Of course, in other embodiments, a cylindrical coordinate system is not required to be established, and a stress curve of the roller, an axial deformation curve and a radial deformation curve of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing can be output through a finite element model, so that a basis can be provided for repairing the roller of the slewing bearing.
Based on the same inventive concept as the above-described method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, referring to fig. 7, the present application further provides a device 200 for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, the device 200 comprising a data acquisition module 210, a model creation module 220, an actual stress determination module, and a state determination module 250, wherein,
the data acquisition module 210 is used for acquiring the pretightening force value of the bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
It is understood that S102 described above can be performed by the data acquisition module 210.
The model building module 220 is configured to build a finite element model according to the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller stiffness of the slewing bearing.
It will be appreciated that S104 described above can be performed by the modeling module 220.
The data acquisition module 210 is further configured to input a pre-tightening force value of the bolt, a load born by the slewing bearing, and a preset boundary condition into the finite element model, and acquire a finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and a maximum structural stress of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane;
it is understood that S106 described above can be performed by the data acquisition module 210.
The actual stress determining module 240 is configured to determine an actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt.
It is understood that S108 described above can be performed by the actual stress determination module 240.
The state determining module 250 is configured to determine that the slewing bearing is in a state to be adjusted when an actual stress of the bolt is greater than a preset first stress, or a maximum structural stress of the inner and outer rings is greater than a preset second stress.
It is understood that S110 described above can be performed by the state determination module 250.
As an implementation, the apparatus further includes:
the coordinate system establishment module 230 is configured to establish a cylindrical coordinate system at the center of gravity of the slewing bearing.
It is to be understood that S105 described above can be performed by the coordinate system establishment module 230.
The data acquisition module 210 is further configured to input the pre-tightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing, the preset boundary condition and the cylindrical coordinate system into the finite element model, and acquire a stress curve of the roller output by the finite element model on the cylindrical coordinate system, and an axial deformation curve and a radial deformation curve of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing on the cylindrical coordinate system.
In summary, the embodiment of the application provides a method, a device and related equipment for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, which are characterized in that firstly, a pre-tightening force value of a bolt on a slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing are obtained, then a finite element model is built according to a geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing, then the pre-tightening force value of the bolt, a load born by the slewing bearing and preset boundary conditions are input into the finite element model, and finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing are obtained; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane; then determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt; when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than the preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than the preset second stress, the slewing bearing is determined to be in a state to be adjusted. Because the finite element model is adopted for analysis, and numerical values in actual operation are analyzed, the error of the obtained result is smaller.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners as well. The apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, for example, of the flowcharts and block diagrams in the figures that illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of apparatus, methods and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s).
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved.
It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition, the functional modules in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated together to form a single part, or each module may exist alone, or two or more modules may be integrated to form a single part.
The functions, if implemented in the form of software functional modules and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied essentially or in a part contributing to the prior art or in a part of the technical solution, in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: various media capable of storing program codes, such as a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk. Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining a slewing bearing state of a crane, the method comprising:
acquiring a pretightening force value of a bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing;
establishing a finite element model according to the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing;
inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and a preset boundary condition into the finite element model, and acquiring finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane;
determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt;
when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than a preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than a preset second stress, determining that the slewing bearing is in a state to be regulated;
wherein, the roller rigidity of slewing bearing satisfies the formula:
and (3) with
Wherein δ represents contact deformation of the slewing bearing roller, Q represents contact load of the slewing bearing roller, l represents roller length of the slewing bearing, and K represents roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
2. The method for determining the slewing bearing state of a crane according to claim 1, wherein the pretightening force value of the bolt satisfies the formula:
F pre ＝0.7×As×Rp
wherein F is pre The pretightening force value of the bolt is represented, and As represents the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt; rp represents the bolt yield strength, and the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt and the bolt yield strength are both related to the model of the bolt.
3. The crane slewing bearing state determination method as recited in claim 1, wherein the actual stress of the bolt satisfies the formula:
determining the actual stress of the bolt, wherein σ ca Representing the actual stress of the bolt, sigma representing the finite element analysis stress of the bolt, tau representing the shear stress of the bolt due to the pretension torque, W t Representing the torsional section coefficient of the bolt, M G Represents the pre-tightening torque of the bolt, d s Representing the effective cross-sectional diameter of the bolt; and the pre-tightening torque of the bolt and the effective section diameter of the bolt are both related to the type of the bolt.
4. The crane slewing bearing state determination method as recited in claim 1, wherein before the step of inputting the preload value of the bolt, the load borne by the slewing bearing, and a preset boundary condition into the finite element model, the method further comprises:
establishing a cylindrical coordinate system at the gravity center of the slewing bearing;
the method further comprises the steps of:
inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing, a preset boundary condition and the cylindrical coordinate system into the finite element model, and obtaining a stress curve of a roller output by the finite element model on the cylindrical coordinate system, and an axial deformation curve and a radial deformation curve of an inner ring and an outer ring of the slewing bearing on the cylindrical coordinate system.
5. A slewing bearing state determining device of a crane, characterized by comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the pretightening force value of the bolt on the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing;
the model building module is used for building a finite element model according to the geometric model of the slewing bearing and the roller rigidity of the slewing bearing;
the data acquisition module is also used for inputting the pretightening force value of the bolt, the load born by the slewing bearing and the preset boundary condition into the finite element model, and acquiring the finite element analysis stress of the bolt output by the finite element model and the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring of the slewing bearing; wherein the load borne by the slewing bearing is related to the lifting load of the crane;
the actual stress determining module is used for determining the actual stress of the bolt according to the finite element analysis stress of the bolt;
the state determining module is used for determining that the slewing bearing is in a state to be regulated when the actual stress of the bolt is larger than a preset first stress or the maximum structural stress of the inner ring and the outer ring is larger than a preset second stress;
wherein, the roller rigidity of slewing bearing satisfies the formula:
and (3) with
Wherein δ represents contact deformation of the slewing bearing roller, Q represents contact load of the slewing bearing roller, l represents roller length of the slewing bearing, and K represents roller rigidity of the slewing bearing.
6. The crane slewing bearing state determining device as set forth in claim 5, wherein the pre-tightening force value of the bolt satisfies the formula:
F pre ＝0.7×As×Rp
wherein F is pre The pretightening force value of the bolt is represented, and As represents the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt; rp represents the bolt yield strength, wherein the effective cross-sectional area of the bolt and the bolt yield strength are both related to the model of the bolt.
7. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory for storing one or more programs;
a processor;
the method of any of claims 1-4 is implemented when the one or more programs are executed by the processor.
8. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, implements the method according to any of claims 1-4.
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