CN111983409B - Evaluation method for sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance - Google Patents
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- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1281—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of liquids or gases
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Abstract
The invention discloses an evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance, and relates to the technical field of sulfur hexafluoride physical and chemical index detection. And evaluating the insulation performance of the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested by testing the gas breakdown voltage (standard value) after electrolysis and the breakdown voltage test difference value of the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested before and after electrolysis. The method can directly simulate the constant voltage electrolysis of the equipment at different time and voltage levels, and directly reflect the arc extinction and insulation capability by measuring the change condition of breakdown voltage. And the impurity content of air, carbon tetrafluoride, mineral oil and the like is not required to be detected to indirectly reflect the insulation and arc extinguishing performance of sulfur hexafluoride.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sulfur hexafluoride physical and chemical index detection, in particular to an evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance.
Background
Sulfur hexafluoride has good electrical insulation performance and excellent arc extinguishing performance, is an important insulation medium, and is widely used for arc extinguishing and insulation of sealed transformers and high-voltage switches. Decomposition products of sulfur hexafluoride after high temperature discharge include thionyl fluoride (SOF) 2 ) Fluorinated Sulfonyl (SO) 2 F 2 ) And sulfur tetrafluoride (SF) 4 ) Etc.
When SF is 6 When the humidity in the gas is high, an arc occurs in the equipment, and SF 6 The arc decomposition products of the gas generate a plurality of toxic substances such as SOF in the presence of moisture 2 HF, etc., thereby corroding the internal structural materials of the circuit breaker and threatening the personnel of the maintenance personnelSafety; in addition, when humidity is large, along with the change of temperature, condensation water can be generated on the surface of the insulating piece, so that the surface flashover is caused, the insulating strength of the insulating piece is reduced, and the safe operation of equipment is threatened.
The existing research shows that: impurities such as air, carbon tetrafluoride, mineral oil and the like in the insulating part can reduce the insulating and arc-extinguishing properties of the insulating part, and when the electrical equipment is under the influence of external factors such as high current, high voltage, high temperature and the like and oxygen and moisture exist in the electrical equipment, toxic or extremely toxic oxygen-containing low-fluoride can be generated, and the impurities are extremely harmful to human bodies and can corrode metal parts and insulating materials of the equipment.
The magnitude of the acidity in the insulation is to some extent representative or indicative of SF 6 The magnitude of gas toxicity, particularly the presence of both acidic components and moisture, may cause condensation, which can seriously jeopardize the safe operation of the electrical equipment.
Based on this, the detection of sulfur hexafluoride is particularly critical, and the current detection items are as follows: air (N) 2 、O 2 ) Carbon tetrafluoride (CF) 4 ) And sulfur hexafluoride (SF) 6 ) Purity test of (2); SF (sulfur hexafluoride) 6 Micro water test (H) 2 O), acidity (in HF), hydrolyzable fluoride (in HF), mineral oil and toxicity bioassay, the test being carried out according to the specifications of GB/T12022.
The existing detection methods are used for indirectly reflecting the insulation and arc extinguishing performance of sulfur hexafluoride through detecting the impurity content of air, carbon tetrafluoride, mineral oil and the like, and when some nonpolar impurities exist in an insulating part and do not influence the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride, the existing detection methods can not accurately reflect the insulation and arc extinguishing performance of sulfur hexafluoride, misjudgment is easy to cause, and unnecessary loss is caused.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an evaluation method for sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance so as to solve the technical problems.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the method for evaluating the sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance comprises the following steps: introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into a test container, electrolyzing under constant voltage, gradually pressurizing the electrolyzed gas in the test container until the electrolyzed gas in the test container breaks down, recording breakdown voltage V1, gradually pressurizing in the same way when V1 and sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested are not electrolyzed until the difference value of the breakdown voltage V0 when the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested breaks down is taken as a judgment value, taking V1 as a standard value, and evaluating the insulation performance of the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested through the judgment value V0 and the standard value V1.
The invention provides a direct evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance, which fills the gap that no direct evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance exists at present. Compared with the prior art, the evaluation method provided by the invention can better understand the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas by electrolyzing sulfur hexafluoride gas at a constant voltage and simulating the condition of field working voltage, thus being beneficial to better protecting equipment.
The invention evaluates the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested by testing the gas breakdown voltage (standard value) after electrolysis and the breakdown voltage test difference value of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested before and after electrolysis.
The inventor researches an evaluation method for sulfur hexafluoride insulation performance simply, rapidly, practically and efficiently aiming at the problems and defects of the conventional evaluation method for sulfur hexafluoride insulation performance. The method can directly simulate the constant voltage electrolysis of the equipment at different time and voltage levels, and directly reflect the arc extinction and insulation capability by measuring the change condition of breakdown voltage. And the impurity content of air, carbon tetrafluoride, mineral oil and the like is not required to be detected to indirectly reflect the insulation and arc extinguishing performance of sulfur hexafluoride.
The impact factors of sulfur hexafluoride breakdown voltage are as follows: the value of the breakdown voltage of sulfur hexafluoride under a uniform electric field is generally stable, and when sulfur hexafluoride gas is impure (such as mixed with air, nitrogen, etc. impure gas or conductive particles), the insulation capability of sulfur hexafluoride gas can be significantly reduced. The conductive particles of sulfur hexafluoride gas move under the action of the electric field to gradually form a conductive bridge, thereby causing the breakdown voltage of the conductive particles to drop. In addition, the increase of the surface area of the experimental electrode also reduces the breakdown voltage of sulfur hexafluoride, and the rougher the electrode surface, the lower the breakdown voltage.
Finding out a test method for evaluating the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride according to the test mechanism of the breakdown voltage of sulfur hexafluoride. The experiment proves that: after multiple discharge experiments of sulfur hexafluoride using the equipment pair, the purity of sulfur hexafluoride gas before discharge is higher, the test result of breakdown voltage is higher, and the mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and decomposition products thereof after discharge (sulfur hexafluoride (SOF) 2 ) Fluorinated Sulfonyl (SO) 2 F 2 ) And sulfur tetrafluoride (SF) 4 ) The breakdown voltage is evaluated according to the change of the breakdown voltage result of sulfur hexafluoride gas before and after discharge, and when the components of the mixed gas of sulfur hexafluoride and the decomposition products of the sulfur hexafluoride are stable, the breakdown voltage result also shows a stable value.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the evaluation method includes obtaining a breakdown voltage V0 of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested when being broken down before constant voltage electrolysis, and the test method of the breakdown voltage V0 of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested when being broken down before constant voltage electrolysis includes: introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into the test container, gradually pressurizing between the electrodes until the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested breaks down, recording the maximum voltage value when an electric arc is generated, and repeatedly measuring for a plurality of times to obtain an average value V0;
preferably, the pressurization is at a rate of 0.2-0.5 kV/s.
It should be noted that, since no evaluation standard for the direct insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas is currently available in China, the present invention only provides one of the above-mentioned evaluation relationships, and in other embodiments, the present invention may be specifically classified into several grades, such as good insulation performance, and poor insulation performance.
The test vessel may be a test cup or other closed vessel.
When the test cup is selected for testing, drying or exhausting of the test cup is firstly carried out, and the difference between the test temperature and the ambient temperature is not more than 2 ℃ in the whole test process.
Sulfur hexafluoride gas enters the test cup through the polytetrafluoroethylene catheter and is discharged for 2-10 minutes, so that the test cup is ensured to be filled with pure sulfur hexafluoride gas.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the gap between the electrodes is 2.5-10mm;
preferably, the optimal gap of the electrodes is 2.5mm.
And selecting the optimal electrode gap according to a large number of experimental detection breakdown voltages to obtain a relatively stable result. The optimal gap selection of the electrodes is related to the stability of the breakdown voltage for subsequent testing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foregoing constant voltage electrolysis process further includes: a constant voltage is determined.
Determining the constant voltage comprises the steps of: and introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into the test container, applying constant voltage between the optimal gaps of the electrodes for electrolysis, detecting the electrolyzed gas in different electrolysis time, pressurizing step by step until the electrolyzed gas is broken down, and detecting the breakdown voltage.
The electrolysis time is 5-200min;
preferably, the electrolysis time is 10min, 50min, 100min and 150min.
Pressurizing at a boost rate of 0.2-0.5 kV/s.
In order to ensure that the gas to be measured is not directly broken down due to the excessive voltage or electrolyzed too slowly due to the too small voltage during the constant voltage electrolysis process, the optimal electrolysis constant voltage needs to be determined. Too fast a boost rate can lead to the occurrence of measurement inaccuracy, and too slow a boost rate can lead to the detection time being too long.
And selecting the electrolysis voltage with the most obvious breakdown voltage drop after electrolysis in the same electrolysis time as the optimal electrolysis constant voltage.
In a preferred embodiment of the application of the present invention, the evaluation method includes: the standard value is obtained by the following method: and (3) electrolyzing under constant voltage, then gradually pressurizing the electrolyzed gas in the test container until the electrolyzed gas in the test container is broken down, obtaining the breakdown voltage of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested after multiple times of electrolysis, repeating the operation for multiple times, obtaining the average value V1 of the breakdown voltage of the gas to be tested after the electrolysis, and taking 5-15% of the average value V1 as a standard value.
In other embodiments, other percentages of the average value V2 of the breakdown voltage of the gas to be tested after electrolysis may be set as standard values according to actual needs, for example, different percentages are set as evaluation standard values for good insulation quality, pass quality and fail quality.
In a preferred embodiment of the application of the invention, 5%, 10% or 15% of the mean value V2 is taken as standard value. For example, 5%, 10% and 15% of the average value V2 are used as standard values for good, good and qualified insulation properties, respectively.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determination value is an average difference between breakdown voltages of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested before and after electrolysis. This is arranged to reduce instrument measurement errors and human induced errors.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the determination value is an average test difference of breakdown voltage when there is no significant change in electrolysis time. According to the electrolytic tests of different time, the inventor shows that the breakdown voltage tends to be stable along with the increase of the electrolytic time, and the judgment value is more accurate at the moment.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the standard value is a breakdown voltage at which the gas in the test vessel after electrolysis is broken down without significant change in the electrolysis time.
Similarly, the inventor has found from the electrolysis tests at different times that, as the electrolysis time increases, the breakdown voltage tends to be stable, and the standard value is more stable and reliable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance, which is used for evaluating the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested by testing the gas breakdown voltage (standard value) after electrolysis and the breakdown voltage test difference value of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested before and after electrolysis. The method can directly simulate the change condition of breakdown voltage of the equipment after multiple discharges, and directly reflect the arc extinguishing and insulating capabilities of the equipment. And the impurity content of air, carbon tetrafluoride, mineral oil and the like is not required to be detected to indirectly reflect the insulation and arc extinguishing performance of sulfur hexafluoride.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart diagram of an evaluation method of sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for evaluating the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas, and a flow chart is shown in fig. 1.
The materials and reagents involved in this example are as follows:
voltage regulator: a voltage regulation automatic control system;
step transformer: an alternating current power supply (50-60 HZ);
test cup: the volume of the test cup is about 500mL, and the test cup is provided with a sealing cover;
a gas conduit: a polytetrafluoroethylene catheter with a diameter of 1mm;
pressure reducing valve: regulating the flow rate of the air flow;
an electrode: spherical electrodes (diameter 12.5 mm.+ -. 0.5 mm) made of brass, and electrode pitches (2.5, 5.0, 10.0) mm.+ -. 0.05mm;
organic solvent: acetone (analytically pure), petroleum ether (60 ℃ -90 ℃).
The evaluation method of the sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance comprises the following steps:
(1) When the test is carried out, firstly, sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested is used for drying or exhausting the test cup, and in the whole test process, the difference between the test temperature and the ambient temperature is not more than 2 ℃.
And opening a pressure reducing valve of the sulfur hexafluoride gas bottle to be tested, introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas into the test cup through the polytetrafluoroethylene catheter, and discharging for 5 minutes to ensure that the test cup is filled with the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested.
The gaps of the electrodes were set to 2.5mm, 5.0mm and 10.0mm, respectively, and the optimal electrode gap was selected according to a large number of experiments. Using a pressurizing device, a pressurizing is applied between the electrodes at a rate of 0.5kV/S until the sulfur hexafluoride gas is broken down, and the maximum voltage V0 at the time of arc generation is recorded. The detection results are shown in the following table 1.
Table 1 maximum voltage V0 at which sulfur hexafluoride gas was broken down at different electrode gaps.
From the above experimental results, it was found that: the breakdown voltage with the electrode gap of 2.5mm is stable, the standard deviation of the result is small, and the electrode gap is the optimal electrode gap for experiments.
(2) Constant voltage equipment is used, constant voltages of 5kV, 10kV, 15kV and 20kV are respectively applied between optimal electrode gaps (2.5 mm), sulfur hexafluoride gas is respectively electrolyzed for 10, 50, 100 and 150 minutes under each constant voltage, influences on sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance under different constant voltages and electrolysis time are tested, optimal electrolysis time is obtained, and sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance is distinguished. After the electrolysis was completed, the constant voltage device was removed, a pressurizing device was added to the test cup for electrolysis, and a pressurizing was applied between the electrodes at a rate of 0.5kV/S until the sulfur hexafluoride gas was broken down, and the maximum voltage value at the time of arc generation was recorded. The results of the detection are shown in tables 2 and 3 below.
Table 2 results of breakdown voltage measurements for sulfur hexafluoride gas at various constant voltages and various electrolysis times.
| Electrolysis for 10min | Electrolysis for 50min | Electrolysis for 100min | Electrolysis for 150min | |
| Constant voltage 5kV | 17.4 | 17.2 | 17.0 | 17.1 |
| Constant voltage 10kV | 17.2 | 17.2 | 17.1 | 17.0 |
| Constant voltage 15kV | 17.2 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 16.1 |
| Constant voltage 20kV | Breakdown of | Breakdown of | Breakdown of | Breakdown of |
Table 3 results of breakdown voltage V1 detection after 15kV electrolysis of sulfur hexafluoride gas constant voltage.
And calculating the difference V between the breakdown voltage results of sulfur hexafluoride gas before and after the constant voltage electrolysis according to the average value V1 of the breakdown voltage of the gas to be detected after the electrolysis. The calculation results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 sulfur hexafluoride gas detection results before and after electrolysis at a constant voltage of 15 kV.
(3) And (3) judging results: sulfur hexafluoride insulation performance was evaluated based on the change trend of the electrode gap, the constant voltage electrolysis time, and the voltage difference, for example, the difference between before and after discharge was v=1.2 kV, but the judgment value was within 1.6kV when the average value of the detection results was 10%, and it was considered that the sulfur hexafluoride insulation performance was good.
The evaluation criteria for evaluating the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride are preliminarily formulated according to the optimal electrode gap and constant voltage electrolysis time in the experiment, and the evaluation criteria provided in the embodiment are specifically shown in the following table 5.
Table 5 preliminarily sets an evaluation standard value for evaluating the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride.
| Standard value | Average of results 5% | Average of the results 10% | Average of the results 15% |
| Conclusion evaluation | Good insulating property | Good insulating property | Qualified insulating property |
After the constant voltage is applied between the electrodes to electrolyze sulfur hexafluoride gas 10, 50, 100 and 150 minutes, the test result after the constant voltage is electrolyzed for 10 minutes has little change, the difference value is 0.1 (kV), and basically no electrolysis or insufficient electrolysis occurs; the variation difference value of the test result after 50 minutes of constant voltage electrolysis is obviously changed at 1.2 (kV); the variation difference of the test result after 100 minutes of constant voltage electrolysis is 1.2 (kV), and the variation difference of the test result after 150 minutes of constant voltage electrolysis is also 1.2 (kV). It was thus judged that the apparent inflection point of the constant voltage electrolysis occurred after 50 minutes of the constant voltage electrolysis.
Therefore, the constant voltage electrolysis is reasonable after 50 minutes, and the insulating property of sulfur hexafluoride gas is easy to be obtained.
(4) The method provided in this example was subjected to a repeatability analysis, the same test person was subjected to the same test sample according to the above-mentioned experimental procedures (1-3), the experiment was repeated at least 6 times, and the method was examined for repeatability, and the repeatability results are shown in table 6. As can be seen from table 6, the method provided in this example was good in reproducibility.
Table 6 repeatability.
The sulfur hexafluoride gas test breakdown voltage obtained by the sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance evaluation method provided by the invention is stable and reliable. From the experimental results, the range and standard deviation were: test data with an electrode gap of 2.5mm are more stable than other electrode gaps. The electrolysis at constant voltage for 50 minutes is reasonable, and the insulation performance of sulfur hexafluoride gas is easy to be obtained.
The invention also provides a judging value (for example, the variation difference value of the test result before and after 50 minutes of constant voltage electrolysis is 10% of the average value), so that the insulation performance of the sulfur hexafluoride can be simply, quickly and accurately judged.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. The method for evaluating the sulfur hexafluoride gas insulation performance is characterized by comprising the following steps: introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into a test container, electrolyzing at a constant voltage, gradually pressurizing the electrolyzed gas in the test container until the electrolyzed gas in the test container is broken down, recording a breakdown voltage V1, gradually pressurizing the V1 and the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested in the same way when the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested is not electrolyzed until the difference value of the breakdown voltage V0 when the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested is broken down is taken as a judgment value, taking the V1 as a standard value, and evaluating the insulation performance of the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested through the judgment value and the standard value V1;
the method also comprises the following steps before constant voltage electrolysis: a constant voltage is determined and the voltage is determined,
determining the constant voltage comprises the steps of: introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into the test container, applying constant voltage between the optimal gaps of the electrodes for electrolysis, detecting the electrolyzed gas in different electrolysis time, pressurizing step by step until the electrolyzed gas is broken down, and detecting the breakdown voltage; and selecting the electrolysis voltage with the most obvious breakdown voltage drop after electrolysis in the same electrolysis time as the optimal constant voltage.
2. The evaluation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the evaluation method comprises obtaining a breakdown voltage V0 of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be measured at the time of breakdown before the constant voltage electrolysis, and the test method of the breakdown voltage V0 of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be measured at the time of breakdown before the constant voltage electrolysis comprises: and introducing sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested into the test container, gradually pressurizing between the electrodes until the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested breaks down, recording the maximum voltage value when an electric arc is generated, and repeatedly measuring for a plurality of times to obtain an average value V0.
3. The method of evaluating according to claim 2, wherein the pressurization is performed at a rate of 0.2 to 0.5kV/s until the sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested is broken down.
4. The method of evaluating according to claim 2, wherein the gap of the electrode is 2.5 to 10mm.
5. The method of evaluating according to claim 4, wherein the optimal gap of the electrode is 2.5mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the electrolysis time is 5 to 200 minutes when the constant voltage is determined.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the constant voltage is determined by electrolysis for 10min, 50min, 100min and 150min, respectively.
8. The method of evaluating according to claim 1, wherein the constant voltage is determined by pressurizing at a rate of 0.2 to 0.5 kV/s.
9. The evaluation method according to claim 1, wherein the standard value is obtained by the following method: and (3) electrolyzing under constant voltage, then gradually pressurizing the electrolyzed gas in the test container until the electrolyzed gas in the test container is broken down, obtaining the breakdown voltage of sulfur hexafluoride gas to be tested after multiple times of electrolysis, repeating the operation for multiple times, obtaining the average value V1 of the breakdown voltage of the gas to be tested after the electrolysis, and taking 5-15% of the average value V1 as the standard value.
10. The evaluation method according to claim 9, wherein 5%, 10% or 15% of the average value V1 is used as the standard value.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the standard value is a breakdown voltage at which the gas in the test vessel after electrolysis is broken down without significant change in the electrolysis time.
12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the determination value is a breakdown voltage average test difference value at which there is no significant change in the electrolysis time.
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