CN111982831A - Water quality online monitoring method, device and system based on hyperspectral technology - Google Patents
Water quality online monitoring method, device and system based on hyperspectral technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a water quality online monitoring method, a device and a system based on a hyperspectral technology, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval, and calculating to obtain a water body monitoring model; obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data; and outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result, and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds a threshold value of the corresponding parameter. Utilize spectral analysis to realize water quality monitoring, pass through the mode of model wireless transmission with the quality of water parameter in the target water body and send to the terminal for the terminal can receive the water quality monitoring result when keeping away from the water sampling scene, need not artifical sampling and sample censorship, has solved the technical problem that quality of water sample sampling is difficult among the prior art, censorship time is longer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, in particular to a water quality online monitoring method, device and system based on a hyperspectral technology.
Background
The water pollution can seriously damage the ecological environment and influence human survival, if the sustainable growth of human society is realized, the problem of water pollution is solved firstly, and the key is how to efficiently and accurately finish water quality detection, thereby providing a basis for subsequent water resource treatment and protection. Through water resource protection, water area shoreline management, water pollution control, water environment quality and water ecological function treatment, water quality protection has achieved remarkable results.
However, the traditional water quality detection method needs to bring the sample back to the laboratory, and the detection process is complicated; especially when the areas of rivers and lakes are large, researchers need to collect samples at different positions, the operation process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the required labor cost is high; in addition, the time consumption for the inspection waiting is long, so that the secondary pollution of the sample is easily caused, and the simple and efficient data acquisition requirement at the present stage cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a water quality online monitoring method, a device and a system based on a hyperspectral technology, which at least partially solve the technical problems of difficult sampling and long inspection time of a water quality sample in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a water quality online monitoring method based on a hyperspectral technology, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval, and calculating to obtain a water body monitoring model;
obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data;
and outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result, and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds a threshold value of the corresponding parameter.
Further, the acquiring of the water quality spectrum of the target water area within the preset time interval includes:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
Further, the acquiring of the water quality spectrum of the target water area within the preset time interval and the calculating of the water monitoring model specifically include:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
Further, the preset water quality parameters specifically include at least one of the following:
oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen, suspended matter concentration and turbidity.
The invention also provides a water quality on-line monitoring device based on the hyperspectral technology, which is used for implementing the method and comprises the following steps:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval and obtaining a water body monitoring model through calculation;
the data conversion module is used for obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model and obtaining preset water quality parameter data;
and the output early warning module is used for outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter.
Further, the system also comprises a data storage module, wherein the data storage module is used for:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
Further, the data acquisition module is specifically configured to:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
Further, the preset water quality parameters specifically include at least one of the following:
oxygen demand, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen content, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon content, heavy metal content, volatile organic pollutant content, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, etc.
The invention also provides a water quality on-line monitoring device system, which comprises: a processor and a memory;
the memory is to store one or more program instructions;
the processor is configured to execute one or more program instructions to perform the method as described above.
The present invention also provides a computer storage medium containing one or more program instructions for performing the method described above by an online water quality monitoring system.
According to the online water quality monitoring method, device and system based on the hyperspectral technology, the hyperspectral meter is used for acquiring the water quality spectrum of the monitoring point in the target water area within the preset time interval, and a water body monitoring model is obtained through calculation; obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data; thereby outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and giving out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter. Like this, utilize spectral analysis to realize water quality monitoring, pass through the mode of model wireless transmission with the quality of water parameter in the target water body and send the terminal to for the terminal can receive the water quality monitoring result when keeping away from the water sampling scene, need not artifical sampling and sample censorship, has solved the technical problem that quality of water sample sampling is difficult among the prior art, censorship time is longer. Meanwhile, when the water quality parameter in the water body exceeds the threshold value for prompting the pollution level, an alarm signal can be automatically sent to the terminal, so that the water body pollution parameter can be monitored in real time on line, early warning can be carried out at any time, and the timeliness of water body monitoring is improved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a water quality on-line monitoring method based on a hyperspectral technology in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an online water quality monitoring device based on hyperspectral technology in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the method for monitoring water quality on line based on hyperspectral technology provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval, and calculating to obtain a water body monitoring model; specifically, this quality of water spectrum accessible portable spectrum appearance is gathered and is obtained, and after the quality of water spectrum was gathered to the spectrum appearance, the mode through bluetooth transmission was transmitted for terminal equipment such as smart mobile phone to upload to high in the clouds server, make it and high in the clouds big data analysis in an organic whole, realize spectral measurement's rapidity, convenient, flexibility and accuracy.
S2, obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model and obtaining preset water quality parameter data; specifically, step S2 includes the steps of:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
And S3, outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result, and giving out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter. The alarm can be realized through a cloud platform and can also be realized through intelligent terminals such as mobile phones.
Further, the acquiring of the water quality spectrum of the target water area within the preset time interval includes:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
Wherein, the preset water quality parameters specifically comprise at least one of the following: oxygen demand, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen content, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon content, heavy metal content, volatile organic pollutant content, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, etc.
That is, in the working process, the spectrograph is carried by the ship, the spectrograph is wound around the target water area for a circle, the whole water area is scanned, whether the water quality index jumps or not is monitored, and system alarm, historical data tracking and the like are realized by self-defining and configuring the index threshold of each parameter; after the scanning is finished, fixed water quality monitoring equipment is fixed at a certain position of a water area, a water quality spectrum is obtained regularly, 10s is set to collect at least 100 groups of data for a time interval, the data are transmitted to a monitoring platform in real time through a 4G/5G network, the water quality detection result is displayed on line in real time for 24 hours, parameters such as oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon, heavy metal, volatile organic pollutants, chlorophyll, blue-green algae and the like are provided, and data reading is carried out on the monitoring platform.
Spectral analysis is an important way to distinguish the property of a substance, because different elements and compounds thereof have own unique spectral characteristics, if the information such as the shape and the size of the substance can be seen through common optical imaging, the spectral analysis can acquire the composition information of the substance. The spectrum is regarded as the fingerprint for distinguishing the substance, especially the hyperspectral technology, can continuously acquire signals in the spectrum interval from visible light to short wave infrared, the number of the recorded channels can reach hundreds, the spectrum channel is very narrow, the resolution ratio is very high, the spectrum detection range far exceeds the perception range of human naked eyes, and a large amount of information which can not be seen by human eyes can be detected. The hyperspectral technology utilizes the spectral absorption characteristics of the substances, realizes the detection of the substances to be detected by utilizing the spectral absorption characteristics of the substances in the hyperspectral technology, has short time consumption and high precision, has the potential of large-area arrangement and long-term online monitoring, and can be applied to the field of water quality detection. The water quality spectrum detector developed by utilizing the hyperspectral technology can realize in-situ rapid detection of water quality parameters, has the technical advantages of no pollution, rapidness, real time and all weather, and is a major technical breakthrough in the field of water quality detection. Based on the birefringence effect of liquid crystal molecules and the interference principle of polarized light, the liquid crystal element is controlled by the electronic unit, light with specific wavelength is transmitted and other light is eliminated, and meanwhile, a full-spectrum scanning technology is utilized to accurately and rapidly observe and collect a target wide-spectrum image.
In the above specific embodiment, the online water quality monitoring method based on the hyperspectral technology provided by the invention obtains the water quality spectrum of the monitoring point in the target water area within the preset time interval through the hyperspectral meter, and obtains the water body monitoring model through calculation; obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data; thereby outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and giving out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter. Like this, utilize spectral analysis to realize water quality monitoring, pass through the mode of model wireless transmission with the quality of water parameter in the target water body and send the terminal to for the terminal can receive the water quality monitoring result when keeping away from the water sampling scene, need not artifical sampling and sample censorship, has solved the technical problem that quality of water sample sampling is difficult among the prior art, censorship time is longer. Meanwhile, when the water quality parameter in the water body exceeds the threshold value for prompting the pollution level, an alarm signal can be automatically sent to the terminal, so that the water body pollution parameter can be monitored in real time on line, early warning can be carried out at any time, and the timeliness of water body monitoring is improved.
In addition to the above method, the present invention further provides an online water quality monitoring device based on hyperspectral technology, which is used for implementing the above method, and in a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the device comprises:
the data acquisition module 100 is used for acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval and obtaining a water body monitoring model through calculation;
the data conversion module 200 is used for obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model and obtaining preset water quality parameter data;
and the output early warning module 300 is used for outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter.
A data storage module 400, the data storage module 400 configured to:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
Wherein, the data acquisition module is specifically configured to:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
The preset water quality parameters specifically comprise at least one of the following parameters: oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen, suspended matter concentration and turbidity.
That is, in the working process, the spectrograph is carried by the ship, the spectrograph is wound around the target water area for a circle, the whole water area is scanned, whether the water quality index jumps or not is monitored, and system alarm, historical data tracking and the like are realized by self-defining and configuring the index threshold of each parameter; after the scanning is finished, fixed water quality monitoring equipment is fixed at a certain position of a water area, a water quality spectrum is obtained regularly, 10s is set to collect at least 100 groups of data for a time interval, the data are transmitted to a monitoring platform in real time through a 4G/5G network, the water quality detection result is displayed on line in real time for 24 hours, parameters such as oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon, heavy metal, volatile organic pollutants, chlorophyll, blue-green algae and the like are provided, and data reading is carried out on the monitoring platform.
In the above specific embodiment, the online water quality monitoring device based on the hyperspectral technology provided by the invention obtains the water quality spectrum of the monitoring point in the target water area within the preset time interval through the hyperspectral meter, and obtains the water body monitoring model through calculation; obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data; thereby outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and giving out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter. Like this, utilize spectral analysis to realize water quality monitoring, pass through the mode of model wireless transmission with the quality of water parameter in the target water body and send the terminal to for the terminal can receive the water quality monitoring result when keeping away from the water sampling scene, need not artifical sampling and sample censorship, has solved the technical problem that quality of water sample sampling is difficult among the prior art, censorship time is longer. Meanwhile, when the water quality parameter in the water body exceeds the threshold value for prompting the pollution level, an alarm signal can be automatically sent to the terminal, so that the water body pollution parameter can be monitored in real time on line, early warning can be carried out at any time, and the timeliness of water body monitoring is improved.
The invention also provides a water quality on-line monitoring device system, which comprises: a processor and a memory;
the memory is to store one or more program instructions;
the processor is configured to execute one or more program instructions to perform the method as described above.
The present invention also provides a computer storage medium containing one or more program instructions for performing the method described above by an online water quality monitoring system.
In an embodiment of the invention, the processor may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capability. The Processor may be a general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete Gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component.
The various methods, steps and logic blocks disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented or performed. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed in connection with the embodiments of the present invention may be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in ram, flash memory, rom, prom, or eprom, registers, etc. storage media as is well known in the art. The processor reads the information in the storage medium and completes the steps of the method in combination with the hardware.
The storage medium may be a memory, for example, which may be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, or which may include both volatile and nonvolatile memory.
The nonvolatile Memory may be a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable ROM (PROM), an Erasable PROM (EPROM), an Electrically Erasable PROM (EEPROM), or a flash Memory.
The volatile Memory may be a Random Access Memory (RAM) which serves as an external cache. By way of example and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), SLDRAM (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus RAM (DRRAM).
The storage media described in connection with the embodiments of the invention are intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functionality described in the present invention may be implemented in a combination of hardware and software in one or more of the examples described above. When software is applied, the corresponding functionality may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A water quality online monitoring method based on a hyperspectral technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval, and calculating to obtain a water body monitoring model;
obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model, and obtaining preset water quality parameter data;
and outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result, and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds a threshold value of the corresponding parameter.
2. The method for on-line monitoring water quality according to claim 1, wherein the acquiring of the water quality spectrum of the target water area within the preset time interval further comprises:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
3. The water quality online monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the water quality spectrum of the target water area within the preset time interval and the calculation to obtain the water monitoring model specifically comprises:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
4. The water quality online monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the preset water quality parameters specifically comprise at least one of the following:
oxygen demand, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen content, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon content, heavy metal content, volatile organic pollutant content, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, etc.
5. An on-line water quality monitoring device based on hyperspectral technology, which is used for implementing the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized in that the device comprises:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring a water quality spectrum of a monitoring point in a target water area within a preset time interval and obtaining a water body monitoring model through calculation;
the data conversion module is used for obtaining a water quality monitoring result based on the water body monitoring model and obtaining preset water quality parameter data;
and the output early warning module is used for outputting the obtained water quality monitoring result and sending out a water quality pollution alarm when any preset water quality parameter exceeds the threshold value of the corresponding parameter.
6. The water quality online monitoring device of claim 5, further comprising a data storage module, the data storage module being configured to:
scanning the whole target water area, and acquiring water quality index data of the target water area;
setting the types of water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter according to the water quality index data;
and storing the types of the set water quality parameters and the threshold value of each type of water quality parameter.
7. The water quality online monitoring device of claim 5, wherein the data acquisition module is specifically configured to:
acquiring remote sensing image data of a target water area, and preprocessing the remote sensing image data;
calculating a normalized differential water body index, a normalized differential vegetation index and a normalized differential float grass index pixel by pixel based on the preprocessed remote sensing image data;
if the target water area is judged to be a float grass coverage area, a normalized difference vegetation index is constructed, the float grass types are classified and identified through a support vector machine algorithm, and water quality parameters are inverted according to seasons and float grass growth conditions, so that the water body detection model is constructed;
and judging that the target water area is a non-aquatic weed coverage area, and adopting a remote sensing model as a water body monitoring model.
8. The water quality online monitoring device according to claim 5, wherein the preset water quality parameters specifically comprise at least one of the following:
oxygen demand, total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, dissolved oxygen content, ammonia nitrogen content, suspended matter concentration, turbidity, total organic carbon content, heavy metal content, volatile organic pollutant content, chlorophyll, blue-green algae, etc.
9. An online water quality monitoring device system, characterized in that, the system includes: a processor and a memory;
the memory is to store one or more program instructions;
the processor, configured to execute one or more program instructions to perform the method of any of claims 1-4.
10. A computer storage medium containing one or more program instructions for use by an online water quality monitoring system in performing the method of any one of claims 1-4.
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