CN111982762A - Pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence - Google Patents
Pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
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- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromoform Chemical compound BrC(Br)Br DIKBFYAXUHHXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229950005228 bromoform Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010884 boiler slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence, which predicts the coking property of a pulverized coal boiler by using three factors of high and low fusion temperature of low-melting coal ash in pulverized coal, coal ash content percentage and coal ash particle size, and comprises the steps of sample preparation, density separation, index determination, grouping according to density, ash fusibility determination, combination of close ash fusibility into a group, calculation of percentage of low-melting part ash content in raw coal, particle size distribution determination, prediction of pulverized coal combustion coking property and the like. The method considers the influence of the size of the coal ash particles on the surface deposition of the heat exchanger, and further improves the accuracy of coking prediction of the pulverized coal boiler by measuring and calculating the percentage of low-melting coal ash in the pulverized coal and the particle size distribution of the coal ash.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal combustion power generation, and particularly relates to a pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on influences of coal ash meltability, ash content and particle size.
Background art:
coal is a main energy source in China, and coking of coal-fired boilers has serious influence on the economic benefit and safety of power plant operation. When coking occurs, the heat exchange efficiency is reduced, the smoke temperature of a hearth is increased, the smoke exhaust temperature of a boiler is increased, and the economical efficiency of the boiler is reduced; if coking and coking are serious, the problems of difficult boiler slag discharging, slag piling of a cold ash bucket, slag outlet blockage, hearth pressure fluctuation caused by falling of large coking blocks and large fluctuation of steam drum water level can be caused, the normal operation of the boiler is influenced, and the shutdown or even explosion of the boiler can be caused when the boiler is serious. Therefore, the coal-fired coking tendency is correctly judged, reasonable adjustment is carried out in time, the boiler is prevented from being seriously coked, and the operating economy and reliability of the boiler can be obviously improved.
A plurality of methods are proposed at home and abroad to predict the coal powder burning coking condition, and the methods mainly comprise coal ash melting temperature (AFT), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), coal ash sintering strength, coal ash component acid-base ratio (B/A), silicon ratio Sp and the like. These methods are essentially based on the overall coal ash fusion, i.e., assuming that the coal ash components are uniform and consistent, the fusion of each coal ash particle is consistent with the overall coal ash fusion. The assumption is in accordance with the combustion condition of a lump coal or briquette coal combustion furnace, but is not in accordance with the combustion condition of a pulverized coal boiler widely used at present, so that the fusibility prediction result is often found to be not in accordance with the actual coking condition of the boiler in the actual production.
Some researchers pay attention to the situation and put forward an ash stick method, namely, a stick is inserted into a furnace chamber of a dropping tube furnace, a one-dimensional furnace or other experimental furnaces simulating the actual combustion situation, the ash stick is taken out after pulverized coal is sprayed for combustion for a period of time, the actual boiler coking situation is presumed according to the ash stick coking situation, and a better result is obtained. However, the method has complex equipment and large test workload, and is difficult to widely popularize.
The theory of coal ash non-uniform fusion is provided by flood fighting and the like of China mining university, the non-uniform fusion of the coal ash is considered, the coal ash particles can be divided into pure organic particles, organic-inorganic symbiotic particles and pure mineral particles by adopting a floating and sinking method, the ash components of different coal ash particles are different, the fusibility of different coal ash particles is respectively measured, and the accuracy of the AFT method is improved by one step.
However, flood fighting and the like consider the uneven coal ash meltability caused by the different chemical compositions of different coal ash particles in the coal dust combustion process, but do not consider the influence of uneven coal ash particle size on coking property. In fact, the particle sizes of ash residues obtained after different pulverized coal particles are combusted are different, small particles with the diameter less than 10 micrometers of coal ash in a pulverized coal boiler flow along with airflow, and molten or semi-molten particles with large diameters and strong cohesiveness can collide and adhere to the surface of a heat exchanger to form coking. Based on this principle, the present invention proposes to predict coking properties of pulverized coal combustion by taking the particle size of coal ash into consideration.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method taking the melting temperature of low-melting coal ash in pulverized coal, the coal ash percentage and the coal ash granularity as the factors aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence comprises the following steps:
s1, sample preparation: crushing and grinding the coal sample to a certain fineness to prepare coal powder;
s2, density separation: separating the coal powder obtained in the step S1 into sub-coal samples with different high and low densities;
s3, index measurement: measuring the moisture, ash content and volatile content of the sub-coal samples with different high and low densities in S2 according to the national standard GB/T212-2008;
s4, grouping by density: grouping the sub-coal samples with different densities obtained in the step S2 according to different density levels;
s5, ash fusion measurement: measuring the ash meltability of each density group coal sample in S4 according to the national standard GB/T219-2008 to obtain a Deformation Temperature (DT), a Softening Temperature (ST), a Hemisphere Temperature (HT) and a Flow Temperature (FT);
s6, grouping by ash meltability: combining the ash with similar melting property in S5 into a group;
s7, calculating the percentage of ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal: calculating the percentage of the ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal according to the ash content of the low-melting part multiplied by the yield of the low-melting part in the whole coal;
s8, particle size distribution determination: measuring the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4;
s9, predicting coal powder combustion coking property: and predicting the coking property of the boiler according to the melting temperature and the percentage of the low-melting coal ash and the average particle size of the coal ash.
Further, in S1, the coal powder preparation process includes: crushing the powder to be less than 6mm by a hammer crusher, and then grinding the powder to be 0.125mm by a vibration sampling machine, wherein the screen residue is 8-12%.
Further, in S2, the density separation method includes: mixing carbon tetrachloride, benzene and tribromomethane reagents according to different proportions to prepare organic heavy liquid, placing a coal powder sample in the organic heavy liquid for full-density floating and sinking, and separating to obtain sub-coal samples with different high and low densities.
Further, the density of the organic heavy liquid is controlled to be 1.3-2.0 kg/cm by controlling the proportion of carbon tetrachloride, benzene and a bromoform reagent3。
Further, in S8, the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4 was measured by a laser particle size meter.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method takes the melting temperature, the melting temperature and the melting percentage of low-melting coal ash in the pulverized coal and the particle size of the coal ash as the consideration factors, and further improves the accuracy of the coking prediction of the pulverized coal boiler by measuring and calculating the percentage of the low-melting coal ash in the pulverized coal and the particle size distribution of the coal ash.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of pulverized coal samples of different density grades in Xinjiang east China according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a particle size distribution diagram of coal fines of different density classes for the east-West-jin City blended coal of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence, which comprises the following steps:
s1, sample preparation: crushing and grinding the coal sample to a certain fineness to prepare coal powder; the preparation process of the coal powder comprises the following steps: crushing the powder to be less than 6mm by a hammer crusher, and then grinding the powder to be 0.125mm by a vibration sampling machine, wherein the screen residue is 8-12%;
s2, density separation: separating the coal powder obtained in the step S1 into sub-coal samples with different high and low densities; the density separation method comprises the following steps: mixing carbon tetrachloride, benzene and a bromoform reagent according to different proportions to prepare an organic heavy liquid, placing a coal powder sample in the organic heavy liquid for full-density floating and sinking, and separating to obtain sub-coal samples with different high and low densities; controlling the density of the heavy organic liquid to be 1.3-2.0 kg/cm by controlling the proportion of carbon tetrachloride, benzene and a bromoform reagent3；
S3, index measurement: measuring the moisture, ash content and volatile content of the sub-coal samples with different high and low densities in S2 according to the national standard GB/T212-2008;
s4, grouping by density: grouping the sub-coal samples with different densities obtained in the step S2 according to different density levels;
s5, ash fusion measurement: measuring the ash meltability of each density group coal sample in S4 according to the national standard GB/T219-2008 to obtain a Deformation Temperature (DT), a Softening Temperature (ST), a Hemisphere Temperature (HT) and a Flow Temperature (FT);
s6, grouping by ash meltability: combining the ash with similar melting property in S5 into a group;
s7, calculating the percentage of ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal: calculating the percentage of the ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal according to the ash content of the low-melting part multiplied by the yield of the low-melting part in the whole coal;
s8, particle size distribution determination: measuring the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4 by a laser particle size analyzer;
s9, predicting coal powder combustion coking property: and predicting the coking property of the boiler according to the melting temperature and the percentage of the low-melting coal ash and the average particle size of the coal ash.
Example 1 prediction of Sinkiang eastern Junggar coal Ash coking
S1, sample preparation: taking a Xinjiang east raw coal sample, crushing the sample to be less than 6mm by a hammer crusher, and then grinding the sample to be 0.125mm by a vibration sampling machine, wherein the surplus is 8%;
s2, density separation: the carbon tetrachloride, the benzene and the tribromomethane reagent are mixed according to different proportions to prepare the mixture with the density of 1.3-2.0 kg/cm3Organic heavy liquid, namely placing the coal powder sample in S1 into the organic heavy liquid for full-density floating and sinking, and separating to obtain<1.4, 1.4-1.5, 1.5-1.6, 1.6-1.7, 1.7-1.8 and>1.8 of the sub-coal sample;
s3, index measurement: the water content, ash content and volatile content of the sub-coal samples with different high and low densities in S2 are measured according to the national standard GB/T212-2008, and the results are shown in a table 1-1:
TABLE 1-1 composition of the density of the pulverized coal in the east Junggar and its Industrial analysis (wt%)
S4, grouping by density: according to the yield and ash content of the sub-coal samples with different densities obtained from S2, combining the density grades of the Xinjiang east Junggao coal powder into<1.6, 1.6-1.7 and>1.7kg/cm3written as ZD1, ZD2, ZD 3;
s5, ash fusion measurement: the ash fusion of each density group of coal samples in S4 was measured according to national Standard GB/T219-2008 to obtain the Deformation Temperature (DT), Softening Temperature (ST), Hemisphere Temperature (HT) and Flow Temperature (FT), as shown in Table 1-2:
TABLE 1-2 melting temperature (. degree. C.) of different density fly ashes of the quassian powder coal
S6, grouping by ash meltability: according to tables 1-2, ZD2, ZD3 both have lower and closer melting points, and ZD2, ZD3 are combined into one group;
s7, calculating the percentage of ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal: based on (low melting fraction ash x low melting fraction yield in whole coal), ZD2, ZD3 were calculated as a percentage of raw coal as: 3.96% × 72.07% + 4.17% × 90.14% + 4.00% × 93.22%, calculated to give: the ash content of the low melting part accounts for 10.34 percent of the raw coal, and the melting point ST is 1185 ℃.
S8, particle size distribution determination: the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4 was measured by a laser particle sizer, and the results are shown in fig. 1: particle size distribution maps of different density grades of coal dust samples in Xinjiang east China;
s9, predicting coal powder combustion coking property: ZD1 belongs to organic coal dust particle containing few minerals, its internal mineral differentiates into single coal dust particle after burning, the graininess is 1-3 μm, ZD2 belongs to mineral-organic matter interweaving particle, melt in the burning process and form an ash particle, the graininess is calculated according to the coal dust graininess 72%; ZD3 is almost all mineral, and has less fragmentation, and the particle size of the coal ash is basically consistent with that of the coal powder.
A summary of several parameters affecting coking is shown in tables 1-3.
TABLE 1-3 coking parameter table for different density coal powder in Xinjiang east China
The coking property is predicted by the melting temperature ST of the whole coal ash in the traditional method, and the ST1203 ℃ of the whole coal ash in the east of Xinjiang is predicted to have a certain coking tendency but not serious, which is not in accordance with the actual situation.
As can be seen from tables 1-3, the density grade is less than 1.6kg/cm3The particle size of the coal ash is only 2 mu m, and the coal ash flows along with air flow in the combustion process and cannot collide and deposit on the surface of a heat exchanger, so that coking cannot be influenced; and the density grade is 1.6-1.7kg/cm3And greater than 1.7kg/cm3The particle diameters of the coal ash are respectively 15 mu m and 20 mu m, the probability of collision and deposition on the surface of a heat exchanger is higher, the melting point ST of the coal ash is only 1185 ℃, and the ashThe content is up to 10.34 percent, and the coking is predicted to be serious.
Therefore, the method of the invention predicts the coking tendency of the boiler by three factors of the percentage content of the coal ash, the particle size of the coal ash and the fusibility of the coal ash, considers that the probability that the coal ash with different particle sizes collides in the air flow and deposits on the surface of the heat exchanger is different, and the method is more accurate in predicting the coking by the fusibility of the whole coal ash than the traditional method and is better in accordance with the actual production condition.
Example 2 prediction of coal ash coking in Shanxi, Jincheng and Xinjiang, Jundong coal
S1, sample preparation: taking raw coal samples of Shanxi Jincheng and Xinjiang east China, crushing the raw coal samples to be less than 6mm by a hammer crusher respectively, weighing the raw coal samples according to a ratio of 1:1, grinding the raw coal samples to be 0.125mm by a vibration sampling machine, and obtaining mixed coal powder which is marked as B5050 after the residual screening is less than 10%.
S2, density separation: the carbon tetrachloride, the benzene and the tribromomethane reagent are mixed according to different proportions to prepare the mixture with the density of 1.3-2.0 kg/cm3Organic heavy liquid, namely placing the coal powder sample in S1 into the organic heavy liquid for full-density floating and sinking, and separating to obtain<1.4, 1.4-1.5, 1.5-1.6, 1.6-1.7, 1.7-1.8 and>1.8 of the sub-coal sample;
s3, index measurement: measuring the moisture, ash content and volatile content of the sub-coal samples with different high and low densities in S2 according to the national standard GB/T212-2008, and the results are shown in a table 2-1;
TABLE 2-1 Density composition and Industrial analysis (wt%) of coal-blended coal powder
S4, grouping by density: the sub-coal samples with different densities obtained in the table 2-1 are combined into sub-coal samples with different density grades according to yield and ash content<1.6, 1.6-1.7, 1.7-1.8 and>1.8kg/cm3b16, B1617, B1718 and B18;
s5, ash fusion measurement: the ash fusion of each density group of coal samples in S4 was measured according to national Standard GB/T219-2008 to obtain a Deformation Temperature (DT), a Softening Temperature (ST), a Hemisphere Temperature (HT), and a Flow Temperature (FT), as shown in Table 2-2:
TABLE 2-2B 5050 melting temperature (oC) of coal-mixed ash
S6, grouping by ash meltability: according to tables 2-2, the melting points of B1617, B1718 and B18 are all relatively low and close, combining B1617, B1718 and B18 into one group;
s7, calculating the percentage of ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal: based on (low-melting fraction ash x low-melting fraction yield in whole coal), calculate B1617, B1718 and B18 as a percentage of raw coal by the following calculation procedure: 5.90% × 26.76% + 5.69% × 67.99% + 5.98% × 82.72%, calculated to give: the ash content of the low melting part accounts for 10.39 percent of the raw coal.
S8, particle size distribution determination: the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4 was measured by a laser particle sizer, and the results are shown in fig. 2: the particle size distribution of the pulverized coal with different density levels of the Jundong-Jincheng mixed coal is determined;
s9, predicting coal powder combustion coking property: b16 belongs to organic coal dust particles containing few minerals, the internal minerals of the organic coal dust particles are differentiated into single coal dust particles after the organic coal dust particles are combusted, the particle size is 1-3 mu m, B1617 and B1718 belong to mineral-organic matter interwoven particles, the particles are melted into a whole in the combustion process to form an ash particle, and the particle size is 6 mu m and 10 mu m in turn according to the particle size of coal dust which is 26.76 percent and 67.99 percent; b18 is almost all mineral, has less fragmentation, and the particle size of the coal ash is basically consistent with that of the coal powder.
A summary of several parameters affecting coking is shown in tables 2-3.
TABLE 2-3 TABLE OF COAL MIXIN WITH VARIABLE DENSITY COAL DUST COKING PARAMETERS
Therefore, as can be seen from tables 2-3, the density grade of the mixed coal of east-jin Cheng is 1.6-1.7kg/cm, if predicted according to two factors of melting temperature and ash amount of the sub-sample ash with different densities3、1.7-1.8kg/cm3And greater than 1.8kg/cm3The coal ash is a low-melting part, the melting point ST of the low-melting part is 1255 ℃, and the content of easy-coking ash is 10.39%; the coking is serious and is not in accordance with the actual situation after being verified.
The method further considers the influence of the particle size of the coal ash, and the part of the coal ash particles smaller than 10 mu m can not collide and deposit on the surface of the heat exchanger, so the part easy to coke is the part with the density grade larger than 1.8kg/cm3The average particle size of the coal ash is 46 mu m, the ash melting point ST is 1250 ℃, the ash content which is easy to collide the surface of the heat exchanger for coking is 4.95 percent, the coking condition of the coal ash is greatly improved compared with that of the pseudo-Dongdong coal, and the actual production result is closer. Compared with the traditional coking prediction method, the method can more accurately predict the coking condition.
The two examples show that the method predicts the coking property of the coal dust by taking the fusibility, the percentage of low-melting coal ash and the particle size of the coal ash of the sub-sample coal ash with different density levels in the coal dust as the common consideration factors, and compared with the traditional prediction method which uses the fusion temperature of all coal ash and the two factors of the fusibility and the percentage of low-melting coal ash, the prediction result of the method is more consistent with the actual production condition, and the accuracy of the coking prediction of the pulverized coal boiler is further improved.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and decorations without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A pulverized coal boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sample preparation: crushing and grinding the coal sample to a certain fineness to prepare coal powder;
s2, density separation: separating the coal powder obtained in the step S1 into sub-coal samples with different high and low densities;
s3, index measurement: measuring the moisture, ash content and volatile content of the sub-coal samples with different high and low densities in S2 according to the national standard GB/T212-2008;
s4, grouping by density: grouping the sub-coal samples with different densities obtained in the step S2 according to different density levels;
s5, ash fusion measurement: measuring the ash meltability of each density group coal sample in S4 according to the national standard GB/T219-2008 to obtain a Deformation Temperature (DT), a Softening Temperature (ST), a Hemisphere Temperature (HT) and a Flow Temperature (FT);
s6, grouping by ash meltability: combining the ash with similar melting property in S5 into a group;
s7, calculating the percentage of ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal: calculating the percentage of the ash content of the low-melting part in the raw coal according to the ash content of the low-melting part multiplied by the yield of the low-melting part in the whole coal;
s8, particle size distribution determination: measuring the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4;
s9, predicting coal powder combustion coking property: and predicting the coking property of the boiler according to the melting temperature and the percentage of the low-melting coal ash and the average particle size of the coal ash.
2. The pulverized coal fired boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence according to claim 1, characterized in that in S1, the pulverized coal preparation process is as follows: crushing the powder to be less than 6mm by a hammer crusher, and then grinding the powder to be 0.125mm by a vibration sampling machine, wherein the screen residue is 8-12%.
3. The pulverized coal fired boiler coking prediction method based on coal ash fusibility and particle size influence according to claim 1, characterized in that in S2, the density separation method is as follows: mixing carbon tetrachloride, benzene and tribromomethane reagents according to different proportions to prepare organic heavy liquid, placing a coal powder sample in the organic heavy liquid for full-density floating and sinking, and separating to obtain sub-coal samples with different high and low densities.
4. The pulverized coal fired boiler coking prediction method based on soot fusibility and particle size influence as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that by controlling carbon tetrachloride, benzene and threeThe proportion of the methyl bromide reagent is controlled, and the density of the organic heavy liquid is controlled to be 1.3-2.0 kg/cm3。
5. The method for predicting coking of a pulverized coal-fired boiler based on the influence of coal ash meltability and particle size according to claim 1, wherein in S8, the particle size distribution of each density group coal sample in S4 is measured by a laser particle size meter.
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