CN111982623B - Perforation processing system for fracturing test - Google Patents
Perforation processing system for fracturing test Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982623B CN111982623B CN202010818688.XA CN202010818688A CN111982623B CN 111982623 B CN111982623 B CN 111982623B CN 202010818688 A CN202010818688 A CN 202010818688A CN 111982623 B CN111982623 B CN 111982623B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation simulation, and particularly relates to a perforation processing system for a fracturing test, aiming at solving the problems of large difference of test results between a sample and a real core sample in a simulation experiment and low experimental reliability in the prior art. The system provided by the invention comprises a body structural member and a drill rod propelling device, wherein the body structural member is used for adjusting the postures of the sample and the drill rod propelling device, and the drill rod propelling device is matched with a guide pipe to drive a flexible drill rod to extend into a prefabricated hole of the sample to carry out multi-azimuth, multi-depth and multi-posture perforation processing. The system provided by the invention uses the rock sample to carry out perforation processing, can efficiently and quickly complete the experiment, and ensures the authenticity and reliability of the experimental data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation simulation, and particularly relates to a perforation processing system for a fracturing test.
Background
Along with the increase of oil and gas resource demand and the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the economic development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs becomes an important component of national energy strategy, and the unconventional gas reservoir exploration and development mostly adopts a horizontal well engineering technology to achieve the purposes of stable yield and long service life.
The fracturing modification is a necessary technical means of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, aims to enable a reservoir to form a reticular seam to fully communicate oil and gas, achieves the optimization of oil and gas well development effect, and becomes a preferred process for matching fracturing modification perforation completion through clustering perforation. However, in the drilling process of the horizontal well, actual drilling needs to be carried out according to a fracture steering rule in rock obtained through a simulation experiment.
In order to obtain a better oil-gas well development effect, a simulation experiment mode is usually adopted to carry out perforation processing on a test rock sample, and the fracture steering rule after fracturing is observed, so that a real fracturing scene is simulated conveniently, and a data basis is provided for subsequent real exploitation. The true triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulation experiment can simulate the hydraulic fracturing process of an oil field, fluid is injected into a prefabricated simulation shaft in a sample through a high-pressure pump set, the pressure in the shaft rises along with the continuous injection of the fluid, and when the pressure exceeds the loading stress and the tensile strength of rock, the fracture occurs and the expansion continues. The true triaxial hydraulic fracture simulation experiment is an effective means for researching the initiation and expansion rules of hydraulic fractures.
In a simulation experiment in the prior art, cement is generally cast, molded and maintained to obtain a fixed-face perforated rock sample, and compared with a real core sample, the fixed-face perforated rock sample has the advantages of large difference of physical and mechanical properties, unsatisfactory experiment result and low experiment reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, namely the problems that the experiment result difference between a sample and a real core sample in a simulation experiment in the prior art is large and the experiment reliability is low, the invention provides a perforation processing system for a fracturing test, which comprises a body structural member and a drill rod propelling device, wherein the body structural member is provided with a plurality of holes; the body structural part comprises a first fixing mechanism and a second fixing mechanism, the first fixing mechanism is used for fixing a rock sample, and the second fixing mechanism is used for fixing the drill rod propelling device;
the flexible drill rod penetrates through the drill rod propelling device and is provided with an extending end extending out of the drill rod propelling device, and a drill bit is arranged at the extending end;
the drill rod propelling device comprises a driving device and a clamping mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping sleeve and a roller assembly, the clamping sleeve is connected with the output end of the driving device, and the clamping sleeve is sleeved outside the roller assembly and can rotate relative to the roller assembly under the driving of the driving device;
the roller assembly comprises a cylindrical structure formed by at least two rollers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the inner surface of the clamping sleeve protrudes inwards along the radial direction to form a sliding rotating part, and when the clamping sleeve rotates, the sliding rotating part is in rotating fit with the rollers so that the cylindrical structure is in a compressed state/free state to clamp/release the flexible drill rod;
the body structural part further comprises a power device, and the power device is used for driving the first fixing mechanism/the second fixing mechanism to rotate and/or lift relative to the second fixing mechanism/the first fixing mechanism;
in a working state, the extending end of the flexible drill rod can be driven by the driving device to axially and movably penetrate through the axis of the cylindrical structure and extend into the preformed hole of the rock sample, and the perforation is processed through the drill bit.
In some preferred embodiments, the rotation fitting comprises: the clamping sleeve is driven by the driving device to rotate, so that the sliding rotating part is in contact with the rollers, or is sunk into a gap between the adjacent rollers to be separated from the rollers, and when the sliding rotating part is in contact with the rollers, the rollers can be pressed inwards in the radial direction under the pressure of the sliding rotating part to clamp the flexible drill rod.
In some preferred technical solutions, a first gap is left between the outer surface of the cylindrical structure and the inner surface of the clamping sleeve, and a second gap is left between the inner surface of the cylindrical structure and the outer surface of the flexible drill rod; the sliding rotating part is provided with a set height along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve, the set height is larger than the first gap, and the difference between the set height and the first gap is larger than the second gap.
In some preferred embodiments, the system further comprises a guide through which the flexible drill rod extends into the prepared hole of the rock sample, the guide comprising a guide tube comprising an L-shaped exit portion, the guide tube being adapted to change the orientation of the distal end of the flexible drill rod.
In some preferred technical solutions, the system further comprises a fixing frame for erecting the guide tube, so that the L-shaped outlet portion of the guide tube is located inside the rock sample prefabricated hole.
In some preferred technical solutions, the outer wall of the guide tube is provided with scale marks for determining the depth of the L-shaped outlet portion relative to the inside of the rock sample pre-fabricated hole.
In some preferred embodiments, the system includes a flexible drill rod, which is a flexible auger rod.
In some preferred embodiments, the drill rod advancing device further comprises a locking member, and the locking member is configured to be engaged with/disengaged from between two adjacent threads of the flexible auger rod when the flexible auger rod is rotated.
In some preferred technical solutions, the locking member includes a first locking pin and a second locking pin, and the first locking pin and the second locking pin are respectively disposed at two ends of the drill rod advancing device;
when the drill rod pushing device rotates forwards, the first locking pin is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible spiral drill rod, and the second locking pin is separated from the flexible spiral drill rod;
when the drill rod pushing device rotates reversely, the second locking pin is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible spiral drill rod, and the first locking pin is separated from the flexible spiral drill rod.
In some preferred technical solutions, the number of the sliding rotating portions is multiple, the multiple sliding rotating portions are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the clamping sleeve at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the number of the sliding rotating portions is the same as the number of the rollers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the flexible drill rod is driven to rotate by the drill rod propelling device to perform perforation processing; and simultaneously, perforation processing in different directions and different depths is completed by matching with the lifting mechanism and the rotating mechanism. The perforation processing system can efficiently, quickly, accurately and inexpensively complete the processing of the perforation with the set test parameters, and meanwhile, the real rock sample is used for perforation processing, so that the authenticity and the reliability of experimental data are ensured, and the simulation of the real on-site fracturing is facilitated.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a perforation processing system for a fracturing test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a perforation processing system for a fracturing test according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a perforation processing system for a fracturing test according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of a drill rod advancing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a drill rod advancing device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of A in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the clamping mechanism in its natural state according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a clamping mechanism in a compressed state according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a method of perforating using the perforating system of the present invention;
list of reference numerals:
100-a body structural part, 110-a first fixing mechanism, 120-a second fixing mechanism, 130-a first bearing, 140-a lifting base, 150-a lifting platform, 151-a lifting cylinder, 160-a connecting frame, 170-a fixing frame, 180-a stinger and 190-an angle adjusting turntable; 200-drill rod advancing device, 210-driving device, 220-clamping mechanism, 221-clamping sleeve, 222-roller assembly, 223-roller, 224-roller retainer, 225-second bearing, 226-third bearing, 227-left end cover, 228-right end cover, 229-sliding rotating part, 230-drill rod advancing device switch; 300-a flexible drill rod; 400-a guide tube; 500-cementing a well pipe; 600-perforating; 700-rock sample; 800-first latch pin, 900-second latch pin.
Detailed Description
In order to make the embodiments, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a perforation processing system for a fracturing test, which comprises a body structural member and a drill rod propelling device, wherein the drill rod propelling device is arranged on the body structural member; the body structure includes a first fixing mechanism for fixing a rock sample and a second fixing mechanism for fixing a drill rod advancing device.
The flexible drill rod penetrates through the drill rod propelling device and is provided with an extending end extending out of the drill rod propelling device, and a drill bit is arranged at the extending end;
the drill rod propelling device comprises a driving device and a clamping mechanism, wherein the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping sleeve and a roller assembly, the clamping sleeve is connected with the output end of the driving device, the clamping sleeve is sleeved outside the roller assembly and can rotate relative to the roller assembly under the driving of the driving device, the roller assembly comprises a cylindrical structure formed by at least two rollers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the inner surface of the clamping sleeve protrudes inwards along the radial direction to form a sliding rotating part, and when the clamping sleeve rotates, the sliding rotating part is in rotating fit with the rollers to enable the cylindrical structure to be in a compressed state/free state so as to clamp/release the flexible drill rod;
the body structural part further comprises a power device, and the power device is used for driving the first fixing mechanism/the second fixing mechanism to rotate and/or lift relative to the second fixing mechanism/the first fixing mechanism;
in a working state, the extending end of the flexible drill rod can be driven by the driving device to axially and movably penetrate through the axis of the cylindrical structure and extend into the prefabricated hole of the rock sample, and the perforation is processed through the drill bit.
In order to more clearly illustrate the perforation processing system for the fracturing test of the invention, a preferred embodiment of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the perforating system for fracturing tests of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a body structure 100 and a drill rod advancing device 200, specifically, the body structure 100 comprises a first fixing mechanism 110 and a second fixing mechanism 120, the first fixing mechanism 110 is used for fixing a rock sample, the second fixing mechanism 120 is used for fixing the drill rod advancing device 200, and the drill rod advancing device 200 is used for driving a flexible drill rod 300 to rotate, advance and retreat. The flexible drill rod 300 penetrates through the drill rod propelling device 200 and is provided with an extending end extending out of the drill rod propelling device 200, a drill bit is arranged at the extending end, the flexible drill rod 300 can be rotationally propelled under the driving of the drill rod propelling device 200, enters a prefabricated blind hole of a rock sample and conducts perforation processing inside the rock sample through the drill bit, or exits to the outside of the rock sample under the driving of the drill rod propelling device 200. Compared with perforating processing modes such as hydraulic sand blasting and the like, the cutting depth of the perforation cannot be controlled by the hydraulic sand blasting mode, the shape of the perforation cannot be ensured, and the observation of the fracturing experiment is not facilitated.
Further, the present invention further comprises a power device for driving the first fixing mechanism 110 to rotate and/or lift relative to the second fixing mechanism 120; alternatively, the power device is used for driving the second fixing mechanism 120 to rotate and/or lift relative to the first fixing mechanism 110, and through the arrangement, the invention can process the perforations with different angles and different depths.
In some preferred embodiments, referring to fig. 1, the body structure 100 includes a base, a first fixing mechanism 110 fixedly disposed, and a second fixing mechanism 120 rotatably disposed, and a power device is used to drive the second fixing mechanism 120 to rotate and/or lift relative to the first fixing mechanism 110. Specifically, the second securing mechanism 120 includes a rotating member including an angle adjustment dial 190 for adjusting the relative angle of the drill rod pusher 200 to the rock sample 700 for different orientations of the perforating process and a lifting member. The base is a flat cylindrical barrel body with an opening at the upper end and formed by a bottom wall and a side wall, the first fixing mechanism 110 is a disc and is fixedly arranged at the center of the base, the angle adjusting turntable 190 is an annular disc, an inner circular ring of the angle adjusting turntable is matched with the first fixing mechanism 110, an outer circular ring of the angle adjusting turntable is matched with the side wall of the base, the angle adjusting turntable 190 is rotatably arranged on the base through the first bearing 130, and the drill rod propelling device 200 is fixedly arranged above the angle adjusting turntable 190 so as to facilitate perforating processing in different directions. Preferably, the angle adjustment dial 190 is provided with an angle scale so that the experimenter can visualize the rotation angle of the second fixing member 120. The angle adjustment dial 190 can be rotated manually or driven by a power device, and the rotation manner of the second fixing member can be flexibly set by those skilled in the art.
Further, the lifting member includes a lifting base 140, a lifting platform 150, a lifting cylinder 151, and a connecting frame 160; the lifting base 140 is fixed above the angle adjusting turntable 190, the fixed end of the lifting cylinder 151 is fixed on the lifting base 140, the movable end is connected with the lifting platform 150, and the lifting platform 150 fixes the drill rod propelling device 200 through the connecting frame 160. The number of the lifting cylinders 151 may be one or more, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, preferably, three lifting cylinders 151 constitute a triangular lifting cylinder assembly to support the lifting of the lifting platform 150, so as to ensure the stable lifting of the lifting platform 150, it can be understood that a person skilled in the art can freely set the structure of the lifting cylinders and the lifting manner of the lifting platform 150, and specifically, the lifting height of the lifting platform 150 can be manually adjusted by using a structure in which a lifting rod and a buckle having scales on the outer surface are matched together; or the hydraulic lifting cylinder can be selected and driven by a power device; or a pneumatic lifting cylinder is arranged, and the lifting of the lifting cylinder is pneumatically driven by a power device. The skilled person can select it flexibly, and will not be described in detail here.
It is understood that a person skilled in the art can also fix the second fixing member, and can also process perforations of different depths and different angles by arranging the lifting mechanism and the rotating mechanism below the first fixing member so that the first fixing member drives the rock sample to rotate or lift.
Referring to the drawings, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a drill rod advancing device 200 includes a driving device 210 and a clamping mechanism 220 for clamping a drill rod, the clamping mechanism 220 includes a left end cover 227, a right end cover 228, a second bearing 225, a third bearing 226, a roller assembly 222, and a clamping sleeve 221, the clamping sleeve 221 is connected to an output end of the driving device 210, and the clamping sleeve 221 is sleeved outside the roller assembly 222 and can rotate relative to the roller assembly 222 under the driving of the driving device 210. Specifically, the right end cap 228, the clamping sleeve 221, and the left end cap 227 are fixedly connected, and the clamping sleeve 221 is connected with the output end of the driving device 210 through the right end cap 228.
In some preferred embodiments, the roller assembly 222 comprises a cylindrical structure of at least two rollers 223 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, and in particular, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the roller assembly 222 comprises a cylindrical structure of four rollers 223 uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction, while the four rollers 223 are fixed by a roller cage 224. The flexible drill rod 300 is movably arranged at the through hole of the cylindrical structure along the axial direction; the inner surface of the clamping sleeve 221 is formed with a sliding rotation part 229 which protrudes radially inward, and when the clamping sleeve 221 rotates, the sliding rotation part 229 is rotationally engaged with the roller 223 to place the cylindrical structure in a compressed state/free state to clamp/release the flexible drill rod 300, and when the flexible drill rod 300 is clamped, the flexible drill rod 300 can be rotationally advanced/rotationally retracted in the axial direction.
In a working state, the extending end of the flexible drill rod 300 can be driven by the driving device 210 to axially and movably penetrate through the axis of the cylindrical structure and extend into the prefabricated hole of the rock sample 700, and a perforation is processed through the drill bit.
It can be understood that the drill rod propelling device of the invention intermittently clamps the drill rod through the tubular structure to realize the rotary propelling or the backward movement of the drill rod, so that the drill rod propelling device of the invention can be driven to propel or the backward movement only by movably penetrating through the tubular structure through hole of the invention. The flexible drill rod 300 in the present invention is only one preferred embodiment of the application of the drill rod propelling device of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can propel various structures by using the drill rod propelling device of the present invention, as long as it is ensured that it can be movably inserted into the tubular structure through hole of the present invention, for example, a rigid drill rod, an anchor rod, etc. can be propelled or retracted by the present invention.
Further, the sliding rotation part 229 is rotatably engaged with the roller 223, and the rotating engagement specifically includes that the clamping sleeve 221 is driven by the driving device 210 to rotate, so that the sliding rotation part 229 is in contact with the roller 223, or is sunk into a gap between adjacent rollers 223 to be separated from the roller 223, and when the sliding rotation part 229 is in contact with the roller 223, the roller 223 can be pressed radially inwards under the pressure of the sliding rotation part 229 to clamp the flexible drill rod 300.
Preferably, a first gap is left between the outer surface of the cylindrical structure and the inner surface of the clamping sleeve 221, and a second gap is left between the inner surface of the cylindrical structure and the outer surface of the flexible drill rod 300; the sliding rotation part 229 has a set height in a radial direction of the clamping sleeve 221, the set height is greater than the first clearance, and a difference between the set height and the first clearance is greater than the second clearance.
In some preferred embodiments, the roller holder 224 includes a plurality of support rods and two support rings, both ends of the plurality of support rods are respectively fixed to the two support rings, the plurality of support rods are uniformly spaced along the circumferential direction, and the distance between the support rods is greater than the diameter of the roller. The rollers 223 are hollow cylinders, the number of the rollers 223 is the same as that of the support rods, the support rods are respectively arranged in the hollow parts of the rollers 223 in a penetrating mode, and gaps are reserved among the rollers 223. The inside of the roller 223 is uniformly filled with a return member, preferably a member having a return function such as a spring, along the circumferential direction of the support rod. In a natural state, the support rod is coaxial with the roller 223. When the roller 223 is in a compression state under the action of external force, the roller 223 is extruded inwards along the circumferential direction of the support ring, the support rod is not coaxial with the roller 223 at the moment, and when the roller 223 does not receive the external force, the reset component drives the roller 223 to reset, so that the roller 223 is coaxial with the support ring again.
It is understood that in other preferred embodiments of the present invention, the sliding rotation portion 229 is plural, the plural sliding rotation portions 229 are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the clamping sleeve 221 along the circumferential direction at intervals, and the number of the sliding rotation portions 229 is the same as that of the rollers 223. With this arrangement, the sliding/rotating portions 229 can be simultaneously engaged with the rollers 223 when the clamp sleeve 221 is rotated. Referring to fig. 9 and 10, in the schematic drawing of the present invention, the rollers 223 are preferably four, the sliding rotation portions 229 are preferably four, when the clamping sleeve 221 is driven by the driving device 210 to rotate, the sliding rotation portions 229 rotate synchronously, when the sliding rotation portions 229 are located at the position shown in fig. 9, the sliding rotation portions 229 are sunk into the gaps between the adjacent rollers 223, and at this time, the cylindrical structure is in a natural state; when the sliding rotation portion 229 is located at the position shown in fig. 10, the sliding rotation portion 229 contacts the roller 223, and at this time, the cylindrical structure is in a compressed state; the four rollers 223 are simultaneously pressed radially inward to grip the flexible drill rod 300 and rotate the flexible drill rod 300 by a certain angle.
When rotating to the vicinity of the lowest point, the clamping sleeve 221 presses against the roller 223, and the roller 223 presses the flexible drill rod 300 radially inward, causing the flexible drill rod 300 to rotate; when rotated to near the highest point, the rollers 223 release the flexible drill rod 300 radially outward, and the flexible drill rod 300 stops rotating with the clamping mechanism. Preferably, a flexible rubber sleeve may be sleeved outside the roller 223 to increase friction and prevent damage to the flexible drill rod 300. In other preferred embodiments, the flexible drill rod 300 is a flexible auger rod. It can be understood that the invention can generate waste scraps in the perforating process, and the auger stem can be used as a spiral output shaft to rotate through the spiral protrusion of the spring on the auger stem to discharge the waste scraps.
Because the drilling rate of drilling rod advancing device is at the uniform velocity among the prior art, the general homogeneity of rock sample is relatively poor, and the different degree of depth, the hardness of different composition rocks are different, if the even rate lasts to creep into always and can damage drilling equipment, and the drill bit easily deviates from predetermineeing the processing direction. In order to solve the problems, the drill rod propelling device provided by the invention adopts an intermittent clamping mode designed by matching the roller assembly and the clamping sleeve, so that the drilling speeds of the drill rod and the drill bit are non-uniform and intermittent drilling.
Further, the invention also comprises a guide device, and the flexible drill rod extends into the prefabricated hole of the rock sample through the guide device. Specifically, the guiding device comprises a guiding tube 400, the guiding tube 400 comprises an L-shaped outlet portion, and the guiding tube 400 is used for changing the direction of the flexible drill rod and protecting the flexible drill rod from collision with external objects or corrosion by the environment so as to enable the flexible drill rod to drill a specified position of the rock sample.
Referring to fig. 4, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second fixing member 120 mounts the drill pipe propelling device 200 such that the output shaft thereof is horizontally disposed at one side of the rock sample, and therefore, the guide tube 400 of the present invention is preferably a Z-shaped structure, the upper end thereof is a horizontal section, the lower end thereof is an L-shaped outlet portion, one end of the stinger 180 is sleeved on the horizontal section of the guide tube 400, and the other end thereof is mounted on the lifting platform 150 for synchronously lifting and lowering the guide tube 400 and the lifting platform 150. The extended end of the flexible drill rod 300 enters from the horizontal section and exits from the L-shaped exit portion. Preferably, when the second fixing member 120 mounts the drill rod propelling device 200 such that the output shaft thereof is vertically disposed above the preformed hole of the rock sample and is coaxially disposed with the preformed hole, the guide tube 400 is an L-shaped guide tube, and the flexible drill rod 300 enters from the inlet of the guide tube 400 and extends out from the L-shaped outlet, so as to process a horizontal perforation. It can be understood that the structure of the guide tube 400 of the present invention is arranged according to the direction of the output shaft of the drill rod propelling device 200, and therefore, a person skilled in the art can flexibly set the structure, length and diameter of the guide tube 400 according to the direction of the output shaft of the drill rod propelling device 200.
Preferably, the outer wall of the guide tube 400 is provided with graduation marks for determining the depth of the L-shaped outlet portion relative to the inside of the preformed hole of the rock sample 700, or determining the height of the perforation.
Further, the system of the present invention further includes a fixing frame 170, and the fixing frame 170 is connected to the first fixing member 110 for erecting the guide tube 400 such that the L-shaped outlet of the guide tube 400 is positioned inside the prepared hole of the rock sample 700. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fixing frame 170 may be fixed above the rock sample 700 to mount the guide tube 400, the fixing frame 170 may be connected to the second fixing member 120, and a person skilled in the art may freely set the position of the guide rod tube 400 as long as it can make the L-shaped outlet portion of the guide tube 400 be located inside the prepared hole of the rock sample 700. It will be appreciated that when the L-shaped outlet portion of the guide tube 400 is inclined relative to the prepared sample hole, the flexible drill rod may also be used to make perforations at an inclined angle, or the structure of the drill bit may be changed, for example, such that one end of the drill bit having an L-shaped structure is connected to the flexible drill rod and the other end is directed to the position of the prepared perforation.
In some preferred embodiments, when the flexible drill rod 300 of the system of the present invention is a flexible auger rod, the drill rod pusher 200 further comprises a locking member for assisting in advancing and retracting the flexible drill rod 300. When the flexible drill rod 300 is rotated, the locking member may be engaged/disengaged between two adjacent threads of the flexible drill rod 300. Specifically, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the locking member includes a first locking pin 800 and a second locking pin 900, and the first locking pin 800 and the second locking pin 900 are respectively disposed at both ends of the drill rod advancing device 200;
when the drill rod pushing device 200 rotates forwards, the first locking pin 800 is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible drill rod 300, the second locking pin 900 is separated from the flexible drill rod 300, and the flexible drill rod 300 advances under the action of the force of the first locking pin 800 and is used for drilling in of a drill bit during perforating processing;
when the drill rod propelling device 200 rotates reversely, the second locking pin 900 is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible drill rod 300, the first locking pin 800 is separated from the flexible drill rod 300, and the flexible drill rod 300 retreats under the action of the force of the second locking pin 900, so that the drill bit can be withdrawn after the perforation process is completed.
The invention also provides a perforation processing method for the true triaxial fracture test, which is used for carrying out the fracture test based on the perforation processing system for the fracture test and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S100, determining fracturing simulation blind hole parameters, and processing a well cementation pipe 500 according to the blind hole parameters, wherein the inner diameter and the depth of the well cementation pipe 500 are both smaller than the inner diameter and the depth of the blind hole; one end of the well cementation pipe 500 is plugged, the other end of the well cementation pipe is opened, and threads are processed on the inner wall of the opening end of the well cementation pipe 500; the thread is used for being connected with a fracturing liquid injection pipe; determining perforation parameters, specifically, the perforation parameters comprise position parameters of the perforation relative to the sample, perforation diameter, perforation number and perforation depth;
step S200, processing the rock into a rock sample 700 with a set shape, drilling a blind hole in the center of one end of the rock sample 700, wherein the blind hole does not penetrate through the rock sample 700, upwards bonding and fixing the open end of the solid well pipe 500 in the blind hole, and fixing the rock sample 700 and the first fixing mechanism 110;
step S300, extending the guide pipe 400 into the fixed well pipe 500, adjusting the depth and the angle of the guide pipe 400 relative to the blind hole, and fixing the guide pipe 400 and the rock sample 700 by using a fixed frame 170;
step S400, sleeving the stinger 180 on the horizontal section of the guide pipe 400, lifting the drill rod propulsion device 200 to enable the drill rod propulsion device 200 to be coaxial with the horizontal section of the guide pipe 400, and installing the stinger 180 on the lifting platform 150 to fix the guide pipe 400; passing the flexible drill rod 300 through a rotary hole of the drill rod advancing device 200, and mounting a drill bit for cutting metal at an end near the rock sample 700;
step S500, placing the flexible drill rod 300 into the guide pipe 400 until the drill bit contacts with the wall of the well cementation pipe; opening a drill rod pushing device switch 230, drilling until the wall of the well cementation pipe is drilled through, and withdrawing the drill bit;
step S600, adjusting the position of the drill rod propelling device 200 relative to the rock sample 700 so as to adjust the position of the drill bit relative to the fixed pipe; the guide pipe 400 and the fixing frame 170 are removed from fixation, the drill rod propelling device 200 is lifted to a specified height, the turntable 190 is adjusted to a specified angle by the rotation angle, the guide pipe 400 and the fixing frame 170 are fixed, and the step S500 is repeated until the well cementation pipe walls at all perforation positions are completely drilled through;
step S700, the flexible drill rod 300 is withdrawn, the drill bit is replaced by a diamond drill bit, the step S500 and the step S600 are repeated, and the perforation with the set depth is drilled until all the perforation processing is completed;
step S800, after the test is finished, the perforation processing quality is checked, and whether the perforation processing quality is qualified is judged; if yes, performing step S900; if not, returning to the step S700;
and step S900, carrying out a true triaxial hydraulic fracturing test.
Preferably, the method further includes, in step S710, after all perforation processes are completed, driving the flexible drill rod 300 to exit, removing the fixing frame 170, the stinger 180 and the guide tube 400, lowering the drill rod pushing device 200 to the lowest position, and checking the quality of the perforation processes through the high energy accelerator CT.
In the above method, the "set shape" in step S200 is preferably a cube or a cuboid that conforms to a true triaxial fracture simulation; in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dimensions are preferably 300mm x 300mm, 400mm x 400mm and 400mm x 800mm, depending on the laboratory already available true triaxial fracturing equipment.
Further, the blind hole in step S200 is the rock sample prefabricated hole in the processing system, and meanwhile, a person skilled in the art can bond and fix the solid well pipe 500 and the inner wall of the blind hole by using high-strength glue, and stand for a period of time to optimize the strength of the glue. Considering the boundary effect of the fracturing simulation experiment, the depth of the blind hole is set to 2/3 of the rock sample height, namely 200 mm-540 mm, the diameter of the blind hole is as follows:
meanwhile, in the method, the diameter of the well cementation pipe 500 is smaller than that of the blind hole, preferably, the diameter is 3-5 mm smaller than that of the blind hole, and a gap between the well cementation pipe and the blind hole is used for storing glue, so that the cementing strength is ensured.
The following are preferred parameters for performing the perforating process experiment by the perforating processing system of the present invention:
perforation diameter:
and (3) perforation depth: 3 mm-15 mm;
perforation azimuth angle: any angle (30, 45, 60, 90, etc.) may be used, as the case may be;
and (3) perforating cluster wheelbase: according to specific research of experiments, the thickness can be 20mm, 30mm, 50mm and the like.
The above parameters are only one preferred embodiment of the perforation processing experiment of the invention, and are only referred to by those skilled in the art, and those skilled in the art can flexibly set perforation parameters according to actual experimental conditions to perform perforation processing.
In the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application, at least the following technical effects and advantages are provided:
the flexible drill rod is driven to rotate by the drill rod propelling device to perform perforation processing; and simultaneously, perforation processing in different directions and different depths is completed by matching with the lifting mechanism and the rotating mechanism. The perforation processing system can efficiently, quickly, accurately and inexpensively complete the processing of the perforation with the set test parameters, and meanwhile, the real rock sample is used for perforation processing, so that the authenticity and the reliability of experimental data are ensured, and the simulation of the real on-site fracturing is facilitated.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicating the directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are only for convenience of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, it should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other similar term are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in connection with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, but it is apparent that the scope of the present invention is not limited to these specific embodiments, as will be readily understood by those skilled in the art. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A perforation processing system for a fracturing test is characterized by comprising a body structural member and a drill rod propelling device;
the body structural part comprises a first fixing mechanism and a second fixing mechanism, the first fixing mechanism is used for fixing a rock sample, and the second fixing mechanism is used for fixing a drill rod propelling device;
the flexible drill rod penetrates through the drill rod propelling device and is provided with an extending end extending out of the drill rod propelling device, and a drill bit is arranged at the extending end;
the drill rod propelling device comprises a driving device and a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping sleeve and a roller assembly, the clamping sleeve is connected with the output end of the driving device, the clamping sleeve is sleeved outside the roller assembly and can rotate relative to the roller assembly under the driving of the driving device;
the roller assembly comprises a cylindrical structure formed by at least two rollers which are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction, the inner surface of the clamping sleeve protrudes inwards along the radial direction to form a sliding rotating part, and when the clamping sleeve rotates, the sliding rotating part is in rotating fit with the rollers so that the cylindrical structure is in a compressed state/free state to clamp/release the flexible drill rod;
the body structural part further comprises a power device, and the power device is used for driving the first fixing mechanism/the second fixing mechanism to rotate and/or lift relative to the second fixing mechanism/the first fixing mechanism;
in a working state, the extending end of the flexible drill rod can be driven by the driving device to axially and movably penetrate through the axis of the cylindrical structure and extend into the preformed hole of the rock sample, and the perforation is processed through the drill bit.
2. The perforation processing system for fracturing tests of claim 1, wherein the running fit comprises: the clamping sleeve is driven by the driving device to rotate, so that the sliding rotating part is in contact with the rollers, or is sunk into a gap between adjacent rollers to be separated from the rollers, and when the sliding rotating part is in contact with the rollers, the rollers can be pressed inwards in the radial direction under the pressure of the sliding rotating part to clamp the flexible drill rod.
3. The perforating processing system for fracturing tests as recited in claim 1 wherein a first gap is left between the outer surface of the tubular structure and the inner surface of the gripping sleeve and a second gap is left between the inner surface of the tubular structure and the outer surface of the flexible drill pipe; the sliding rotating part is provided with a set height along the radial direction of the clamping sleeve, the set height is larger than the first gap, and the difference between the set height and the first gap is larger than the second gap.
4. The perforating processing system for fracturing tests as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a guide device through which the flexible drill rod is extended into the prepared hole of the rock sample, said guide device comprising a guide tube, said guide tube comprising an L-shaped exit portion, said guide tube for changing the direction of the end of the flexible drill rod.
5. The perforating processing system for fracturing tests as claimed in claim 4, further comprising a fixture for erecting the guide tube such that the L-shaped outlet portion of the guide tube is located inside the preformed hole of the rock sample.
6. The perforating processing system for the fracturing test of claim 5 wherein the guide tube outer wall is provided with graduations for determining the depth of the L-shaped outlet portion relative to the interior of the rock sample pre-made hole.
7. The perforation processing system for the fracturing test, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a flexible drill pipe, which is a flexible auger pipe.
8. The perforating processing system for the fracturing test of claim 7 wherein the drill rod pusher further comprises a locking member that can be engaged/disengaged between two adjacent threads of the flexible auger rod when the flexible auger rod is rotated.
9. The perforating processing system for the fracturing test of claim 8 wherein the locking member comprises a first locking pin and a second locking pin, the first locking pin and the second locking pin being respectively disposed at both ends of the drill pipe pushing device;
when the drill rod pushing device rotates forwards, the first locking pin is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible spiral drill rod, and the second locking pin is separated from the flexible spiral drill rod;
when the drill rod propelling device rotates reversely, the second locking pin is inserted between two adjacent threads of the flexible spiral drill rod, and the first locking pin is separated from the flexible spiral drill rod.
10. The perforation processing system for the fracturing test, according to claim 2, wherein the number of the sliding rotating parts is a plurality of sliding rotating parts, the sliding rotating parts are uniformly arranged on the inner surface of the clamping sleeve at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the number of the sliding rotating parts is the same as that of the rollers.
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| US11761864B2 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-09-19 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Thick-wall cylinder experiment setup for wellbore stability analysis |
| CN114483026B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-09-30 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Perforating rock sample manufacturing method for three-axis hydraulic fracturing physical simulation of perforating well completion |
| CN117266799B (en) * | 2023-10-15 | 2024-03-01 | 东北石油大学 | Multi-angle and multi-hole dense spiral perforation testing device and testing method for horizontal well |
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