CN111981554A - Solar energy and phase change energy storage-based heat storage and supply system and control method - Google Patents

Solar energy and phase change energy storage-based heat storage and supply system and control method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111981554A
CN111981554A CN202010804963.2A CN202010804963A CN111981554A CN 111981554 A CN111981554 A CN 111981554A CN 202010804963 A CN202010804963 A CN 202010804963A CN 111981554 A CN111981554 A CN 111981554A
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China
Prior art keywords
temperature
phase change
phase
energy storage
water tank
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CN202010804963.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
余晓平
邓天龙
郭亚飞
王芹
张思思
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Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Tianjin University of Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202010804963.2A priority Critical patent/CN111981554A/en
Publication of CN111981554A publication Critical patent/CN111981554A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D11/00Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
    • F24D11/002Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system
    • F24D11/003Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses water heating system combined with solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D15/00Other domestic- or space-heating systems
    • F24D15/02Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24DDOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00Details
    • F24D19/10Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24D19/1006Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
    • F24D19/1009Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
    • F24D19/1042Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses solar energy
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/40Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/40Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20Solar thermal
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar energy and phase change energy storage based heat storage and supply system and a control method. Solar energy and peak-valley electric energy are stored and reasonably controlled by utilizing the characteristic that the phase-change energy storage material has high latent heat, and the characteristic that the phase-change material has constant phase-change temperature is utilized, so that continuous stable hot water supply with constant temperature is obtained only by monitoring the outlet temperature of the solar heat collector, the outlet temperature of the water tank and the outlet temperature of the phase-change energy storage tank and controlling related valves. The system only comprises one circulating pump, and can reasonably store and utilize solar energy and peak-valley electric energy, so that the system has the characteristics of low energy consumption and energy conservation. Meanwhile, the operation process only involves the control of four valves, so the operation is simple and the automation is easy to realize.

Description

Solar energy and phase change energy storage-based heat storage and supply system and control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy and energy conservation, and particularly relates to a solar energy and phase change energy storage based heat storage and supply system and a control method.
Background
China has abundant solar energy resources, and the solar energy resources are widely concerned by people in the aspects of heating, heat supply and the like as clean renewable energy sources. However, solar energy has temporal and spatial non-uniformity and intermittency, and the mismatch between the energy distribution and the heating of the heating system has a problem. In order to continuously and effectively supply heat, the application of the heat storage technology is very important.
Thermal energy storage can be divided into sensible heat storage and latent heat storage. In practical engineering application, the solar heating system mainly adopts water as the sensible heat storage of heat storage medium, because the restriction of its energy storage density, leads to often needing to be equipped with the heat storage water tank of great capacity, and has problems such as heat supply temperature unstability. Latent heat storage stores heat using phase change of a phase change material, which is capable of releasing/absorbing a large amount of latent heat during phase change while maintaining a constant temperature or varying over a small temperature range during phase change. Therefore, the phase-change material is utilized to reasonably utilize the solar energy, the space-time matching problem of the solar energy and the heating heat supply can be solved, the energy storage density can be improved, and the heating temperature can be effectively controlled.
CN209944492U discloses a small rural heating system based on solar energy heat absorption, phase change heat storage and electric auxiliary heating, but the water body to be heated in the system is directly introduced into a solar heat collector for heating, and the problem of pipeline freezing and blockage is easily caused at night in winter. In addition, the system places the phase change material directly in the tank body, and hot water from the collector heats both the water in the tank and the phase change material. Due to the large latent heat of the phase change material, the temperature of the water in the water tank changes slowly, i.e. the temperature response is not sensitive enough. CN209978160U discloses a phase change heat storage based floor heating and hot water supply system, which also has the same problem of water freezing and pipe blockage as in CN 209944492U. Meanwhile, the system is extremely complex in structure and control, and 2 pumps and 11 electromagnetic valves are required to be controlled. CN210107532U discloses an intelligent phase-change heating system, however, the system directly connects a solar heat collector, a phase-change heat reservoir and a water load (such as a spray water supply and a radiator) in series, so that it is impossible to effectively control solar energy and effectively regulate water temperature. CN208222845U discloses a solar energy-based, high-temperature phase change heat storage and electricity-assisted multi-energy complementary heating system, which avoids the freezing problem of water medium by adopting heat conducting oil as a heat transfer medium after solar heat collection, but has many problems when the phase change material is placed in a high-temperature heat storage tank. For example, when the solar heat collector stops working at night and the phase change material starts to release heat, part of the heat is lost because the heat transfer oil still needs to pass through the solar heat collector. In addition, the oil circuit system only comprises two pumps, so that the operation energy consumption is high.
At present, a storage and heating system based on solar energy and phase change energy storage generally has certain problems, such as operation and maintenance problems caused by system structure complexity, operation energy consumption problems caused by a large number of pumps, and problems of pipeline freezing, unstable heating temperature, insufficient solar energy utilization and the like caused by unreasonable system design. In view of this, the development of a storage and heating system which is simple in system structure and operation, low in operation cost, stable in heating and small in temperature change has great significance for realizing energy conservation and environmental protection, improving living and living levels of people and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a low-cost heat storage and supply system which is anti-freezing, simple in structure and operation and only needs one pump to operate based on solar energy and phase change energy storage aiming at the contradiction between solar energy, heating and supply and the like in time and space.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a storage heating system based on solar energy and phase change energy storage comprises: the solar energy heat collector comprises a solar heat collector (1), a phase change energy storage box (2), a water tank (3), a pump (4), valves (5, 6, 7 and 8), an auxiliary heater (9), temperature sensors (10, 11 and 12) and a water tank heat exchanger (13). An outlet of the solar heat collector (1) is connected with the valve (5), and an inlet of the solar heat collector (1) is respectively connected with an outlet of the water tank heat exchanger (13) and a low-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage tank (2) through a three-way pipe; the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2) is respectively connected with the valves (6) and (7) through a three-way pipe; the inlet of the water tank heat exchanger (13) is connected with the valve (8); the inlet of the pump (4) is respectively connected with the valves (5) and (6) through a three-way pipe, and the outlet of the pump (4) is respectively connected with the valves (7) and (8) through the three-way pipe.
And the phase change energy storage material with the phase change temperature of 30-90 ℃ is filled in the phase change energy storage box (2), and auxiliary heaters are arranged in the phase change energy storage box (2) and the water tank (3) independently or simultaneously.
And temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector (1), the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2) and the water tank (3).
Furthermore, the pipes connecting the various parts of the system are fed with water or with a heat-conducting oil, preferably with an anti-freeze heat-conducting oil.
Furthermore, the water tank heat exchanger (13) is arranged inside the water tank (3), and the water tank (3) is provided with a cold water inlet (14) and a hot water outlet (15).
During the operation of the system, the valves (5, 6, 7, 8) are controlled to open and close according to the feedback temperatures of the temperature sensors (10, 11, 12). When the solar energy is excessive, the phase change energy storage box (2) is used for storing and releasing the energy; when the solar energy is insufficient, the energy is supplemented by the auxiliary heater (9).
The invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the system only comprises one pump, and only four valves are controlled in the operation process, so that the system is simple in structure and operation, and low in operation cost. In addition, the system can fully utilize solar energy and peak-valley electric energy, and automatically obtain stable outlet water temperature through the control of the phase change temperature of the phase change material.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention without limiting the invention in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heat storage and supply system in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing a state of use of the heat storage and supply system in embodiment 1 (state 1);
fig. 3 is a diagram (state 2) of the heat storage and supply system in embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a state diagram (state 3) of the heat storage and supply system in embodiment 1;
fig. 5 is a state diagram (state 4) of the heat storage and supply system in embodiment 1;
in the figure: 1. a solar heat collector; 2. a phase change energy storage tank; 3. a water tank; 4. a pump; 5-8, a valve; 9. an auxiliary heater; 10-12, a temperature sensor; 13. a water tank heat exchanger; 14. a cold water inlet; 15. a hot water outlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. The specific examples are only intended to illustrate the invention in further detail and do not limit the scope of protection of the claims of the present application.
Example 1:
a storage and heating system based on solar energy and phase change energy storage, as shown in fig. 1, comprising: the system comprises a solar heat collector 1, a phase change energy storage tank 2, a water tank 3, a pump 4, valves 5, 6, 7 and 8, an auxiliary heater 9, temperature sensors 10, 11 and 12 and a water tank heat exchanger 13. The outlet of the solar heat collector 1 is connected with the valve 5, and the inlet of the solar heat collector 1 is respectively connected with the outlet of the water tank heat exchanger 13 and the low-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage tank 2 through a three-way pipe; the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box 2 is respectively connected with valves 6 and 7 through a three-way pipe; the inlet of the water tank heat exchanger 13 is connected with the valve 8; the inlet of the pump 4 is connected with the valves 5 and 6 through a three-way pipe respectively, and the outlet of the pump 4 is connected with the valves 7 and 8 through a three-way pipe respectively.
The phase change energy storage box 2 is filled with a phase change energy storage material with the phase change temperature of 55 ℃, and the phase change energy storage box 2 is provided with an auxiliary heater.
And temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector 1, the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage tank 2 and the water tank 3.
And heat conducting oil is introduced into the pipelines of all parts of the connecting system.
The tank heat exchanger 13 is placed inside the tank 3, and the tank 3 is provided with a cold water inlet 14 and a hot water outlet 15.
The system comprises four working states according to different weather conditions or day-night differences.
State 1 (fig. 2): when the weather condition is good in the daytime, the outlet temperature T of the solar heat collector 11Not less than 55 ℃ and the temperature T in the water tank 33When the temperature is less than or equal to 55 ℃, the valves 5 and 8 are opened, the valves 6 and 7 are closed, at the moment, under the action of the pump 4, the heat collected by the solar heat collector 1 is transferred to the water tank 3 through the heat conducting oil, and the water in the water tank is heated through the heat exchanger 13.
State 2 (fig. 3): when the weather condition is good in the daytime, the outlet temperature T of the solar heat collector 11Not less than 55 ℃ and the temperature T in the water tank 33And when the temperature is more than or equal to 55 ℃, the valves 5 and 7 are opened, the valves 6 and 8 are closed, at the moment, the heat collected by the solar heat collector 1 is transferred to the phase change energy storage box 2 through the heat conduction oil under the action of the pump 4, and the residual solar energy is stored in the phase change energy storage material.
State 3 (fig. 4): when the weather conditions are poor at night or in the daytime, the outlet temperature T of the solar collector 11<The temperature T of the outlet of the phase change energy storage box 2 is 55 DEG C2Not less than 55 ℃ and the temperature T in the water tank 33<And at the temperature of 55 ℃, the valves 6 and 8 are opened, the valves 5 and 7 are closed, and at the moment, under the action of the pump 4, the heat stored in the phase change energy storage box 2 is transferred to the water tank 3 through the heat conduction oil, and the water in the water tank is heated through the heat exchanger 13.
State 4 (fig. 5): when the weather conditions are poor at night or in the daytime, the outlet temperature T of the solar collector 11<The temperature T of the outlet of the phase change energy storage box 2 is 55 DEG C2<Temperature T in the water tank 3 of 55 DEG C3<At 55 ℃, the auxiliary heater 9 is opened, the valves 6 and 8 are opened, the valves 5 and 7 are closed, the phase change energy storage material is heated under the action of the auxiliary heater 9, heat is transferred to the water tank 3 through the heat conducting oil under the action of the pump 4, and the heat is transferred to the water tank 3 through the heat conducting oilThe heat exchanger 13 heats the water in the water tank.
When the outlet temperature T of the phase change energy storage box 22At 55 ℃ or higher, the auxiliary heater 9 is stopped, and the system returns to the state 3 (FIG. 4).
The embodiments of the present invention, or the technical solutions shown in the drawings, have been shown and described above, and all the advantages of the present invention are achieved, and the storage and supply of thermal energy and the automatic adjustment of water temperature are easily and conveniently performed. It should be understood that the detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can modify or change the technical method according to the above description based on the description of the present invention, for example, each valve is selected from a solenoid valve and is controlled by a controller, or the water tank is modified to provide heating water and domestic water at the same time, and all such modifications and changes should fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a store up heating system based on solar energy and phase transition energy storage which characterized in that: the solar energy heat collector comprises a solar heat collector (1), a phase change energy storage box (2), a water tank (3), a pump (4), valves (5, 6, 7 and 8), wherein an outlet of the solar heat collector (1) is connected with the valve (5), and an inlet of the solar heat collector (1) is respectively connected with an outlet of a water tank heat exchanger (13) and a low-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2); the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2) is respectively connected with the valves (6) and (7) through a three-way pipe; the inlet of the water tank heat exchanger (13) is connected with the valve (8); the inlet of the pump (4) is respectively connected with the valves (5) and (6) through a three-way pipe, and the outlet of the pump (4) is respectively connected with the valves (7) and (8) through the three-way pipe.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: and a phase change energy storage material with the phase change temperature of 30-90 ℃ is filled in the phase change energy storage box (2).
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: and an auxiliary heater is arranged in the phase change energy storage tank (2) and/or the water tank (3).
4. The system of claim 1, wherein: temperature sensors are respectively arranged at the outlet of the solar heat collector (1), the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2) and the water tank (3).
5. The system of claim 1, wherein: water or heat conducting oil is introduced into the pipelines of all parts of the connecting system.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein: the water tank heat exchanger (13) is arranged in the water tank (3), and the water tank (3) is provided with a cold water inlet (14) and a hot water outlet (15).
7. The control method of the system according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the outlet temperature of the solar heat collector (1) is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material in the phase change energy storage tank (2) and the temperature in the water tank (3) is lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the valves (5) and (8) are opened, the valves (6) and (7) are closed, and at the moment, under the action of the pump (4), the heat collected by the solar heat collector (1) is transferred to the water tank (3) through the heat conducting medium in the pipeline and water in the water tank is heated through the heat exchanger (13).
8. The control method of the system according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the outlet temperature of the solar heat collector (1) and the temperature in the water tank (3) are higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, the valves (5) and (7) are opened, the valves (6) and (8) are closed, at the moment, under the action of the pump (4), the heat collected by the solar heat collector (1) is transferred to the phase-change energy storage tank (2) through the heat-conducting medium in the pipeline, and the residual solar energy is stored in the phase-change energy storage material.
9. The control method of the system according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the outlet temperature of the solar heat collector (1) and the temperature in the water tank (3) are both smaller than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, and the high-temperature interface temperature of the phase-change energy storage tank (2) is higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, the valves (6) and (8) are opened, the valves (5) and (7) are closed, at the moment, under the action of the pump (4), the heat stored in the phase-change energy storage tank (2) is transferred to the water tank (3) through the heat-conducting medium in the pipeline, and the water in the water tank is heated through the heat exchanger (13.
10. A control method of a system according to claim 3, characterized in that: when the outlet temperature of the solar heat collector (1), the high-temperature interface temperature of the phase change energy storage box (2) and the temperature in the water tank (3) are all lower than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, the auxiliary heater (9) is opened, the valves (6) and (8) are opened, the valves (5) and (7) are closed, the phase change energy storage material is heated under the action of the auxiliary heater (9), heat is transferred to the water tank (3) through a heat conducting medium in a pipeline under the action of the pump (4), and water in the water tank is heated through the heat exchanger (13); and when the temperature of the high-temperature interface of the phase change energy storage box (2) is higher than the phase change temperature of the phase change material, stopping the auxiliary heater (9).
CN202010804963.2A 2020-08-12 2020-08-12 Solar energy and phase change energy storage-based heat storage and supply system and control method Pending CN111981554A (en)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110139144A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2011-06-16 Ke Ting Zheng Solar water heater retrofitted from conventional water heater, system and method
CN203052879U (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-07-10 深圳奥意建筑工程设计有限公司 Water source heat pump and chilled water storage air conditioning system
CN204513801U (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-07-29 李广生 A kind of Solar Enercy Fission Geyser
CN208936574U (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-06-04 邯郸市飞翔新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of low-cost solar thermal storage all-weather water heating system
CN110578960A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-17 天津大学 passive solar phase-change energy-storage heating system
CN212481440U (en) * 2020-08-12 2021-02-05 天津科技大学 Storage heating system based on solar energy and phase change energy storage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110139144A1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2011-06-16 Ke Ting Zheng Solar water heater retrofitted from conventional water heater, system and method
CN203052879U (en) * 2012-12-27 2013-07-10 深圳奥意建筑工程设计有限公司 Water source heat pump and chilled water storage air conditioning system
CN204513801U (en) * 2015-02-13 2015-07-29 李广生 A kind of Solar Enercy Fission Geyser
CN208936574U (en) * 2018-09-10 2019-06-04 邯郸市飞翔新能源科技股份有限公司 A kind of low-cost solar thermal storage all-weather water heating system
CN110578960A (en) * 2019-09-12 2019-12-17 天津大学 passive solar phase-change energy-storage heating system
CN212481440U (en) * 2020-08-12 2021-02-05 天津科技大学 Storage heating system based on solar energy and phase change energy storage

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Inventor after: Yu Xiaoping

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Inventor after: Guo Yafei

Inventor after: Wang Qin

Inventor after: Zhang Sisi

Inventor after: Feng Yuanyuan

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