CN111979756B - Method for crushing scale tips of wool fibers - Google Patents
Method for crushing scale tips of wool fibers Download PDFInfo
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- CN111979756B CN111979756B CN202010825079.7A CN202010825079A CN111979756B CN 111979756 B CN111979756 B CN 111979756B CN 202010825079 A CN202010825079 A CN 202010825079A CN 111979756 B CN111979756 B CN 111979756B
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- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010006 anti-felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L peroxysulfate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]OS([O-])(=O)=O FHHJDRFHHWUPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
- D06M10/003—Treatment with radio-waves or microwaves
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/46—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table; Titanates; Zirconates; Stannates; Plumbates
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/10—Animal fibres
- D06M2101/12—Keratin fibres or silk
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/45—Shrinking resistance, anti-felting properties
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for crushing scale tips of wool fibers, which is characterized in that the wool fibers are immersed in inorganic particle suspension, fully contacted by ultrasonic action and loaded on the surfaces of the fibers; spreading the wool wet fiber loaded with the inorganic particles in a tray in vacuum microwave treatment equipment for vacuum microwave treatment; immersing the wool fibers subjected to microwave treatment into water, and cleaning by adopting ultrasonic oscillation; and drying the cleaned wool fibers. According to the invention, inorganic particles are loaded on the inner sides of the tips of the wool fiber scales through the ultrasonic oscillation effect, so that microwave radiation energy is concentrated at the tips of the fiber scales in the microwave treatment process, and the mechanical property of the wool fibers is prevented from being damaged. The directional friction effect of the wool fiber treated by the method is reduced, the mechanical property is unchanged, and the shrink-proof performance and the dyeing performance of the fiber are both improved. The method has the advantages of simple process, energy conservation, environmental friendliness and wide market prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment method for removing scale tips on the surface of wool fibers, belonging to the technical field of shrink-proof treatment of wool fiber products.
Background
The surface of the wool fiber is covered with dense scales, and the scale layer can protect the internal tissue of the wool and resist the erosion of external machinery, chemistry and the like. However, the scale layer not only causes felting of wool products, but also forms a dyeing barrier, so that dye liquor is not easy to wet when wool fibers are dyed, dye adsorption and diffusion are hindered, and dyeing difficulty is caused.
At present, the wool scale layer can be removed by physical methods such as ultrasonic wave, microwave, plasma treatment, corona discharge and the like; and chemical methods such as ozone, oxidation, chlorination, bio-enzyme, resin, peroxymonosulfate treatment, etc. However, the alkali resistance of wool fibers is poor, the main body of the wool fibers can be damaged under the strong acid condition, a plurality of organic solvents are harmful to the wool fibers, and in addition, the whole wool scales are easily and directly treated by a chemical method, so that the surface scale structure of the wool fibers is damaged. Compared with a chemical method, the application of a physical technology can reduce the dosage of chemical agents and the generation of dyeing and finishing sewage, but the treatment effect is often inferior to that of the chemical method. Therefore, the subject aims to improve the treatment effect of the wool surface scale tips on the basis of a physical method, reserve the scale roots, reduce the directional friction effect on the surface of wool fibers while not damaging the structure and the mechanical property of the wool fibers, and increase the shrink-proof and dyeing properties of the wool fibers.
In the physical method, the microwave heating can shorten the heating time, improve the production efficiency, realize the rapid heating in a short time and avoid the damage of the wool fibers caused by overlong treatment time. The microwave heating has integrity, the processed fabric is heated by the inner surface and the outer surface together, the heating is uniform, and the production efficiency is high. During negative pressure or vacuum microwave treatment, the main effect of vacuum is to rapidly remove air in the working cavity of the vacuum microwave drying equipment, including non-condensable gas and water vapor in the drying process, so as to achieve the effect of rapid drying. Under the vacuum condition, the boiling point of water is reduced along with the increase of the vacuum degree, and the moisture in the wool is vaporized to play a drying role. The scale layer of the wool fiber is damaged after microwave radiation treatment, and the dyeing barrier is broken, so that the dye can enter the fiber from among the scales and also can directly penetrate into the fiber from certain damaged parts, the dyeing way is increased, and the dyeing of the dye is accelerated. However, in this process, the microwave energy first rapidly penetrates into the wool fibers and then heats the entire fibers from the inside, thereby causing damage to the wool fibers themselves, and therefore, it is important to concentrate the microwave radiation energy on the wool scale layer from the inorganic substance having a high dielectric constant.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: how to reduce the performance damage of the wool fibers when the tips of the scales of the wool fibers are broken.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), ultrasonic load: immersing wool fibers into the inorganic particle suspension, fully contacting the wool fibers by utilizing the action of ultrasonic waves, and loading inorganic particles on the surfaces of the fibers;
step 2), microwave treatment: spreading the wool wet fiber loaded with the inorganic particles in a tray in vacuum microwave treatment equipment for vacuum microwave treatment;
step 3), ultrasonic cleaning: immersing the wool fibers subjected to microwave treatment into water, and cleaning by adopting ultrasonic oscillation;
step 4), drying: and drying the cleaned wool fibers.
Preferably, the weight percentage of the inorganic particle suspension in the step 1) is 1-10%. The inorganic particles should have a high dielectric constant.
Preferably, said step (1) is carried out under continuous stirring conditions; the technological parameters of the ultrasonic load are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 25-400kHz, the treatment temperature is 20-60 ℃, the treatment time is 20-60 min, and the suspension is ensured to have no precipitate.
Preferably, the wet wool fibers obtained in the step 2) are subjected to vacuum microwave treatment after being dewatered by spin-drying.
Preferably, the moisture regain of the wet wool fibers in the step 2) is 40-80%.
Preferably, the process parameters of the vacuum microwave treatment in the step 2) are as follows: the vacuum degree is-0.08 to-0.095 MPa, the treatment temperature is 40 to 70 ℃, the microwave power is 1500 to 2700W, and the treatment time is 4 to 30 min.
Preferably, the tray in the vacuum microwave treatment device in the step 2) is provided with uniform holes.
Preferably, the process parameters of the ultrasonic cleaning in the step 3) are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 25-400kHz, the cleaning temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the cleaning time is 40-60 min; changing water every 5-15min during cleaning.
Preferably, the drying process parameters in the step 4) are as follows: the temperature is 40-105 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min.
Preferably, the wool fibers are wool loose fibers or wool tops.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the inorganic substance with the dielectric constant far higher than that of the wool fiber is loaded at the tip of the wool fiber scale by means of ultrasonic oscillation, microwave radiation can be absorbed according to different substances with different dielectric constants, microwave energy is concentrated at the tip of the scale on the surface of the wool by utilizing the characteristic of microwave radiation selective heating, and the mechanical property and the internal structure damage of the wool fiber caused by microwave treatment are effectively reduced. The novel combined physical method for treating the scales on the surfaces of the wool fibers takes inorganic matters with high dielectric constants as a locator and precisely breaks the scales on the surfaces of the wool fibers under the action of microwaves.
According to the invention, by utilizing the selective heating characteristic of microwaves, inorganic particles with dielectric constant far larger than that of wool fibers can be loaded to the inner sides of the scales on the surfaces of the wool fibers, microwave radiation energy is concentrated at the scales on the surfaces of the wool fibers, the scales on the surfaces of the wool fibers can be treated under the condition of not influencing the mechanical property and the internal structure of the wool fibers, and the directional friction effect and the felting property of the scales are reduced.
When the ultrasonic wave acts on the wool fibers, due to the average action and the coverage of the ultrasonic wave, the energy generated by vibration acts on the surfaces of the wool fibers, so that the warping angles of wool scales can be increased. Therefore, inorganic particles with large dielectric constant can be loaded on the inner side of the wool scales by ultrasonic oscillation. And (3) removing the inorganic particles remained on the wool fibers after the microwave treatment by ultrasonic oscillation, and preparing for subsequent production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the high-dielectric-constant inorganic particles are loaded at the tips of the scales of the wool fibers by ultrasonic oscillation, so that the selectivity effect is obvious under microwave radiation, and the surfaces of the wool fibers are accurately crushed, thereby avoiding damage to the fiber main body.
2. The scales of the wool fibers treated by the method are obviously broken, the directional friction effect is weakened, and the anti-felting performance and the dyeing performance are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a surface morphology of wool fibers before microwave treatment;
FIG. 2 is a surface morphology chart of wool fibers after microwave treatment;
FIGS. 3 and 4 show the surface morphology of the wool fibers after ultrasonic cleaning;
fig. 5 is a breaking strength test of treated wool and wool.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanying the drawings are described in detail below.
All percentages referred to in the present invention are percentages by weight and all temperatures are degrees celsius.
The inorganic particles of the present invention should have a high dielectric constant. The barium titanate particles have a dielectric constant as high as 1500 at normal temperature and stable physicochemical properties, and the specific embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by taking nano barium titanate particles as an example.
Example 1
A method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing wool fibers into the nano barium titanate suspension, and performing immersion pretreatment for 60 minutes under the action of ultrasonic oscillation at the frequency of 40kHz and at the temperature of 50 ℃. Stirring is continuously carried out in the soaking process. The pretreatment suspension comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1% of nano barium titanate particles and the balance of deionized water.
(2) Spin-drying the wool fibers pretreated in the step (1) until no water is discharged, and putting the wool fibers into a microwave vacuum dryer for microwave treatment. Microwave treatment temperature: 40 ℃, vacuum degree: -0.09MPa, treatment time: 6min, microwave power 1000W.
(3) And (3) immersing the wool fibers subjected to the microwave treatment in the step (2) into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic cleaning by adopting 40kHz ultrasonic oscillation for 30min at 50 ℃. The water is changed once in 5min during the cleaning process.
(4) And (4) drying the cleaned wool fibers in the step (3) for 60min at 70 ℃ in hot air.
Example 2
A method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers comprises the following steps:
(1) immersing wool fibers into the nano barium titanate suspension, and performing immersion pretreatment for 30 minutes under the action of ultrasonic oscillation at the frequency of 40kHz and at the temperature of 60 ℃. Stirring is continuously carried out in the soaking process. The pretreatment suspension comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5% of nano barium titanate particles and the balance of deionized water.
(3) Spin-drying the wool fibers pretreated in the step (1) until no water is discharged, and then carrying out microwave treatment in a microwave vacuum dryer. Microwave treatment temperature: 40 ℃, vacuum degree: -0.075MPa, treatment time: 10min, microwave power 1000W. The wool fibers before and after treatment are shown in figures 1 and 2, respectively.
(4) And (4) immersing the wool fibers subjected to the microwave treatment in the step (3) into deionized water, and performing ultrasonic cleaning at 40 ℃ by adopting 40kHz ultrasonic oscillation for 60 min. The water is changed once in 10min during the cleaning process. The surface morphology of the wool fibers after washing is shown in fig. 3.
(5) And (4) drying the cleaned wool fibers in the step (3) for 60min at 50 ℃ in hot air.
The breaking strength of the treated wool fibers was substantially unchanged compared to the untreated wool, as shown in fig. 4, while the directional friction effect was significantly reduced, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 wool fiber surface Friction Properties
Claims (9)
1. A method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), ultrasonic load: immersing wool fibers into the inorganic particle suspension, fully contacting the wool fibers by utilizing the action of ultrasonic waves, and loading inorganic particles on the surfaces of the fibers; the inorganic particles are nano barium titanate particles; the technological parameters of the ultrasonic load are as follows: the ultrasonic frequency is 25-400kHz, the treatment temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the treatment time is 20-60 min;
step 2), microwave treatment: spreading the wool wet fiber loaded with the inorganic particles in a tray in vacuum microwave treatment equipment for vacuum microwave treatment; the technological parameters of the vacuum microwave treatment in the step 2) are as follows: the vacuum degree is minus 0.08 to minus 0.095MPa, the processing temperature is 40 to 70 ℃, the microwave power is 1000W, and the processing time is 4 to 30 min;
step 3), ultrasonic cleaning: immersing the wool fibers subjected to microwave treatment into water, and cleaning by adopting ultrasonic oscillation;
step 4), drying and humidifying: and drying the cleaned wool fibers.
2. A method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the weight percentage of the inorganic particle suspension in the step 1) is 1-10%.
3. A method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the step 1) is performed under continuous stirring.
4. The method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the wet wool fibers in the step 2) are subjected to vacuum microwave treatment after being dewatered by spin drying.
5. The method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the moisture regain of wet wool fibers in step 2) is 40-80%.
6. A wool fiber scale tip breaking method according to claim 1, wherein the tray in the vacuum microwave treatment device in step 2) is provided with uniform openings.
7. The method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning in step 3) comprises the following process parameters: the ultrasonic frequency is 25-400kHz, the cleaning temperature is 20-60 ℃, and the cleaning time is 40-60 min; changing water every 5-15min during cleaning.
8. The method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to claim 1, wherein the drying parameters in the step 4) are as follows: the temperature is 40-105 ℃, and the time is 30-60 min.
9. The method for breaking scale tips of wool fibers according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the wool fibers are wool loose fibers or wool tops.
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| CN202010825079.7A CN111979756B (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2020-08-17 | Method for crushing scale tips of wool fibers |
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| CN202010825079.7A CN111979756B (en) | 2020-08-17 | 2020-08-17 | Method for crushing scale tips of wool fibers |
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| CN111979756A CN111979756A (en) | 2020-11-24 |
| CN111979756B true CN111979756B (en) | 2021-11-12 |
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| CN114457430A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-05-10 | 山东宏业纺织股份有限公司 | Spinning processing method and processing device for crude wool |
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| CN107059414A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-18 | 苏州凯邦生物技术有限公司 | A kind of Wool fabric anti-felting biologic enzyme treatment method |
| CN107385871A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2017-11-24 | 西南大学 | Photocatalytic self-cleaning wool fabric is prepared with inorganic sulfur-bearing reducing agent |
-
2020
- 2020-08-17 CN CN202010825079.7A patent/CN111979756B/en active Active
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| CN101671949A (en) * | 2009-10-14 | 2010-03-17 | 东华大学 | Method for microwave chemical modification treatment of wool |
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| CN106592035A (en) * | 2016-11-23 | 2017-04-26 | 江西服装学院 | Cotton-wool blended yarn production technology |
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