CN111979391B - Stress regulation and control method for thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process - Google Patents

Stress regulation and control method for thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process Download PDF

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CN111979391B
CN111979391B CN202010956607.2A CN202010956607A CN111979391B CN 111979391 B CN111979391 B CN 111979391B CN 202010956607 A CN202010956607 A CN 202010956607A CN 111979391 B CN111979391 B CN 111979391B
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stress
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shot blasting
thermal vibration
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CN111979391A (en
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吴琼
张以都
薛念普
高瀚君
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Beihang University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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Abstract

The invention provides a thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process stress regulation and control method, which is used for regulating and controlling the residual stress of parts. The thermal vibration composite aging is utilized to carry out the integral homogenization of the residual stress of the part, the effect of strengthening the surface stress of the part is achieved through the shot blasting process, and the part has the stress distribution state of strengthening the internal stress of the surface stress and homogenizing. The method relates to the action of multiple loads, including temperature, vibration, shot blasting, clamping and the like. By the stress regulation and control method, the distribution condition of the stress can be effectively improved, and the service life and the dimensional stability of the part are ensured. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1) a thermal vibration-shot blasting integrated composite process stress regulation and control method is provided; 2) the stress distribution state of strengthening the surface stress and homogenizing the internal stress of the part can be achieved; 3) the multiple load function provides a wide parameter space for process optimization, and the stress regulation efficiency is improved.

Description

Stress regulation and control method for thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process
Technical Field
The invention relates to a stress regulation and control method for a thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process, belonging to the field of mechanical manufacturing processes.
Background
In the service environment of equipment, structural parts bear more dynamic load, even bear thermodynamic coupling alternating load, and the alloy with excellent thermal stability is an important material for manufacturing the parts. The severe requirements of the complex physical environment on parts make it necessary to improve the stress distribution of the components and enhance the bearing capacity of the materials, which also ensures the safe and stable operation of the equipment. The thermal vibration composite process is a novel stress regulation and control process combining thermal action and vibration action, applies a circulating dynamic load to an aging part under a certain temperature condition, realizes the positioning relaxation, reduction and homogenization of residual stress in a part through the combined action of the thermal action and the vibration aging action, and improves the uniform distribution effect of the stress of the part. In the shot blasting process, the compressive stress field formed by shot blasting inhibits the initiation of fatigue cracks, increases the closing effect of the cracks to reduce the propagation rate of fatigue short cracks, even has the crack arrest phenomenon, can realize the stress strengthening of materials, and obviously improves the fatigue performance and the bearing capacity of parts. The shot peening strengthening process is carried out on the part on the basis of thermal vibration composite stress regulation, the excellent performance of strengthening the internal stress and the external stress of the part is realized, and the method is an effective way for improving the comprehensive mechanical property, the fatigue property, the dimensional stability and the like of the component.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background, the invention provides a thermal vibration-shot peening composite process stress regulation and control method, which realizes regulation and control of the residual stress of parts under the composite action of thermal vibration aging stress homogenization and shot peening stress strengthening. The thermal vibration composite aging is utilized to carry out integral homogenization on the residual stress of the part, the effect of strengthening the surface stress of the part is achieved through the shot blasting process, and the part can have a stress distribution state of strengthening the internal stress homogenization of the surface stress under the combined action of the thermal vibration composite aging and the shot blasting composite process. The stress regulation and control method relates to the effects of multiple loads, including temperature, vibration, shot blasting, clamping and the like, and can perform comparative analysis on the stress regulation and control effect of the process parameter effect on different types of parts. By the integrated composite process stress regulation and control method, the distribution condition of the stress can be effectively improved, and the service life and the dimensional stability of the part are ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, the process flow diagram of the thermal vibration-shot peening composite process stress regulation method mainly includes four major parts, namely, the preparation of parts, the homogenization of thermal vibration composite stress, shot peening stress strengthening, and the post-process treatment and unloading. The process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) parts to be treated: clamping the part on a platform, determining the installation position, and performing related preparation work for the subsequent technological process;
(2) thermal vibration composite stress homogenization: the thermal vibration composite stress homogenization is carried out on the part, the process is coupled and acted by temperature and vibration load, and the coupling time stage of the dynamic load and the thermal load is divided into three process schemes of a process early stage, a process middle certain moment and a process later stage;
(3) shot peening stress strengthening action: and after the workpiece is cooled, performing shot blasting stress strengthening effect on the part.
(4) And (3) post-process treatment and unloading: and carrying out post-process treatment such as cleaning and unloading on the final part.
The heat vibration composite action, the shot blasting action and the clamping action have obvious influence on the stress distribution state of the part. The main influencing factors in the thermal vibration composite stress homogenization stage comprise a temperature value, a temperature rise speed, heat preservation time, vibration frequency, vibration stress, a thermal vibration coupling time stage and the like. The shot peening stress strengthening stage is influenced by parameters such as shot materials, shot diameters, shot speeds, shot flow rates, shot jet angles, shot jet time and jet time. The clamping effect relates to the influence of relevant factors such as clamping position, clamping force, part material thermal expansion and the like. The whole thermal vibration-shot blasting composite stress regulation and control process is influenced by various process parameters, so that a wide parameter space is provided for the optimization of the process method.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a stress control method for a thermal vibration-shot peening composite process includes a thermal vibration composite portion, a shot peening portion, a clamping portion, and a control portion. The thermal vibration composite part consists of a clamping platform 1, a vibration clamp 2, a vibration exciter 3, a heater 4, a heat insulation material 11, a balance weight 12, a spring 13 and a damper 14; the shot blasting part comprises a shot blasting pipe 5, a high-pressure air pipe 6, a shot cabin 8 and shots 9; the clamping part mainly comprises a box body 10, a part clamp 15 and a part 16; the controller 7 is an integrated control part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides a thermal vibration-shot blasting integrated composite process stress regulation and control method.
2. The invention can lead the part to reach the stress distribution state of surface stress strengthening and internal stress homogenization.
3. The multiple loading effect provided by the method provides a wide parameter space for process optimization.
4. The integrated composite process method effectively improves the stress regulation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a stress control method of a thermal vibration-shot peening process;
FIG. 2 is a graph of stress versus strain for a material under vibration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a shot peening process for shot impacting a target material;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the stress control method of the thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process;
in the figure, 1 is a clamping platform, 2 is a vibration clamp, 3 is a vibration exciter, 4 is a heater, 5 is a shot blasting pipe, 6 is a high-pressure air pipe, 7 is a controller, 8 is a shot bin, 9 is a shot, 10 is a box body, 11 is a heat-insulating material, 12 is a balance weight, 13 is a spring, 14 is a damper, 15 is a part clamp and 16 is a part.
FIG. 5 is a schematic stress cloud of a part hot vibration-shot peening process;
in the figure, 1 is a stress cloud picture of an initial part, 2 is a stress cloud picture of a part in a thermal vibration composite process, and 3 is a stress cloud picture of a thermal vibration shot-blasting composite process.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will make the advantages and features of the invention easier to understand by those skilled in the art, and thus will clearly and clearly define the scope of the invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process stress regulation and control method, which realizes regulation and control of the residual stress of parts under the composite action of thermal vibration aging stress homogenization and shot blasting stress strengthening. The thermal vibration composite aging is utilized to carry out integral homogenization on the residual stress of the part, the effect of strengthening the surface stress of the part is achieved through the shot blasting process, and the part can have a stress distribution state of strengthening the internal stress homogenization of the surface stress under the combined action of the thermal vibration composite aging and the shot blasting composite process. The stress regulation and control method relates to the effects of multiple loads, including temperature, vibration, shot blasting, clamping and the like, and can perform comparative analysis on the stress regulation and control effect of the process parameter effect on different types of parts. By the integrated composite process stress regulation and control method, the distribution condition of the stress can be effectively improved, and the service life and the dimensional stability of the part are ensured.
As shown in fig. 1, the process flow diagram of the thermal vibration-shot peening composite process stress regulation method mainly includes four major parts, namely, the preparation of parts, the homogenization of thermal vibration composite stress, shot peening stress strengthening, and the post-process treatment and unloading. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) parts to be treated: clamping the part on a platform, determining the installation position, and performing related preparation work for the subsequent technological process;
(2) thermal vibration composite stress homogenization: the thermal vibration composite stress homogenization is carried out on the part, the process is coupled and acted by temperature and vibration load, and the coupling time stage of the dynamic load and the thermal load is divided into three process schemes of a process early stage, a process middle certain moment and a process later stage;
(3) shot peening stress strengthening action: and after the workpiece is cooled, performing shot blasting stress strengthening effect on the part.
(4) And (3) post-process treatment and unloading: and carrying out post-process treatment such as cleaning and unloading on the final part.
The heat vibration composite action, the shot blasting action and the clamping action have obvious influence on the stress distribution state of the part. The main influencing factors in the thermal vibration composite stress homogenization stage comprise a temperature value, a temperature rise speed, heat preservation time, vibration frequency, vibration stress, a thermal vibration coupling time stage and the like. The shot peening stress strengthening stage is influenced by parameters such as shot materials, shot diameters, shot speeds, shot flow rates, shot jet angles, shot jet time, coverage rate and the like. The clamping effect relates to the influence of relevant factors such as clamping position, clamping force, part material thermal expansion and the like. The whole thermal vibration-shot blasting composite stress regulation and control process is influenced by various process parameters, so that a wide parameter space is provided for the optimization of the process method.
In the process of heat load action, the processed workpiece always exchanges heat with air, and the temperature of the workpiece changes along with time. In three-dimensional space, as known from the fourier heat transfer law and the first law of thermodynamics, the differential equation that the transient temperature field should satisfy is:
Figure BDA0002678813200000041
wherein rho is a heat conductive materialDensity of the material, c is the specific heat capacity of the heat conducting material, t is the time, kx、kyAnd kzThe thermal conductivity of the heat conducting material along the direction is Q (x, y, z, t), the heat source density inside the heat conducting object is Q, and u (x, y, z, t) is the distribution function of the temperature field. The term 1 of the equation represents the heat quantity to be accumulated for heating the micro-body, and is balanced with the terms 2, 3 and 4 of the heat quantity introduced into the micro-body from three directions and the latent heat generated by the heat source in the micro-body of the term 5.
The overall boundary is made up of three types of boundary conditions for heat transfer: the first type is that the mandatory boundary condition is a dirichlet boundary condition; the second class of boundary conditions is called noelman boundary conditions; the third class of boundary conditions is called the robin boundary conditions. If, after a certain heat exchange, the respective temperatures in the object remain constant and the transient heat transfer equation changes to the steady state heat transfer equation, equation (1) becomes:
Figure BDA0002678813200000042
during the vibration load, σ is shown in FIG. 2AApplying an alternating load to the metal workpiece to be treated and applying an equal amplitude alternating strain to the workpiece to be treated for initial residual stressC-εBAfter reaching the plastic yield stage as the applied total stress exceeds the elastic limit, the strain reaches point C. After the above process, the residual stress in the metal sample is released to some extent. Due to the bauschinger effect, the yield limit in the compression direction of a metal is correspondingly reduced when the metal is plastically deformed in the tension direction. When the alternating load is unloaded along CB', a first alternating circulation loop ACB is generated. After the first circulation is completed, the second circulation is carried out according to the same rule, and through the multiple circulation, the metal sample does not generate plastic deformation, and the residual stress in the metal sample is from sigmaADown to sigmaE. The macro mechanism of vibration action is that when the superposition of residual stress and dynamic stress of the processed workpiece is greater than the yield limit, the residual stress of the processed workpiece is released to a certain extent, and reaches the aim of a certain number of cyclesThe purpose of residual stress homogenization.
During the peening action, the stream of shots impacts the workpiece, each shot particle impacting the workpiece surface in one direction and then being ejected from the other direction, a portion of its kinetic energy being absorbed by the workpiece, as shown in FIG. 3. The projectile with mass m has an impact velocity V along a certain angle alphaiWith a half-infinite impact collision. The projectile rebounds along the direction of the angle alpha' and has a velocity Vr. Defining a recovery coefficient erTo indicate the degree of recovery of the projectile energy, which is related to the material properties of the projectile, the target body.
Figure BDA0002678813200000051
Under the impact of the shot, the surface layer of the workpiece generates elastic and plastic deformation, and the result is mainly reflected in the change of the tissue structure and the residual stress field except that a recess is left on the surface. The shot peening effect is related to the following factors: the macroscopic residual compressive stress of the surface layer controls the initiation and the development of cracks on the surface layer of the part; the metal in the surface layer is plastically deformed to cause the distortion of crystal lattices in the metal body, and the combination of the material crystal lattices is enhanced by the microscopic stress generated among the sub-crystal grains; after shot peening, the size of sub-grains in the metal surface layer can be thinned to be less than 0.02 micron, and the smaller the sub-grains on the surface of the part, the higher the fatigue strength of the part.
The stress distribution state of the part surface stress strengthening internal stress homogenization is realized by a thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process stress regulation and control method.
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic diagram of a stress control method in a thermal vibration-shot peening composite process is shown. The part 16 is installed on the clamping platform 1 through a part clamp 15, the whole process of the part is in a heat preservation environment state, the heat preservation environment is composed of a box body 10 and a heat preservation material 11, the temperature rise process is realized by a heater 4 after the temperature is set, the vibration exciter 3 is started at a selected time to perform the vibration load effect, the vibration exciter is connected to the clamping platform through the vibration clamp 2, the balance weight 12 is installed on the other side of the clamping platform to realize the static balance of the platform, the spring 13 and the damper 14 are installed at the bottom of the clamping platform to realize the independence of the vibration process, after the part is cooled in the thermal vibration composite process stage, the shot 9 stored in the shot bin 8 is subjected to the action of high-pressure gas in the high-pressure gas pipe 6, the shot acts on the part through the injection pipe 5, and the whole process is subjected to parameterization setting by the integrated controller 7.
As shown in FIG. 3, a stress cloud diagram is schematically shown in the process of the thermal vibration-shot peening process of the part. After the part is manufactured, uneven residual stress is generated inside the material due to the load effect of uneven heat, force and the like in the machining process, and as shown in a schematic stress cloud chart in the figure 1, the internal residual stress value is large, the difference of the tensile residual stress value and the compressive residual stress value is large, the residual stress is unevenly distributed, and the fatigue life and the dimensional stability of the part after service are seriously influenced. Through the regulation and control function of the thermal vibration composite stress, the residual stress in the material is released and homogenized, as shown in a schematic stress cloud chart in 2, the internal stress value is reduced, the stress distribution is homogenized, the dimensional stability of the part in work can be effectively improved, but the lower compressive stress on the surface layer is not beneficial to inhibiting the fatigue crack of the material. The stress of the part is strengthened by shot blasting, as shown in a schematic stress cloud diagram in 3, the surface of the part subjected to shot blasting strengthening has larger compressive stress, the development of fatigue cracks is inhibited, and simultaneously, under the action of shot, the crystal grains of a surface layer material are refined, the bearing capacity of the part is further enhanced, and the fatigue life and the dimensional stability of the service part are greatly improved. By applying the stress regulation and control method of the thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process, the stress distribution state of the part for strengthening the surface stress and homogenizing the internal stress is achieved, and the comprehensive use performance of the part is improved.
The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the invention and are not exhaustive of the possible implementations of the invention. The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes in this embodiment may be made without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and that such changes and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. A thermal vibration-shot peening composite process stress regulation and control method is characterized in that under the composite action of thermal vibration aging stress homogenization and shot peening stress strengthening, the regulation and control of the residual stress of a part are realized; the thermal vibration composite aging is utilized to carry out integral homogenization on the residual stress of the part, the effect of strengthening the surface stress of the part is achieved through the shot blasting process, and the part can have a stress distribution state of strengthening the internal stress of the surface stress and homogenizing the internal stress under the combined action of the thermal vibration composite aging and the shot blasting composite process; the part passes through the part anchor clamps, install on the clamping platform, the whole technology of part is in the heat preservation environment state, the heat preservation environment comprises box and insulation material, realize the intensification process by the heater after setting for the temperature, open the vibration exciter at the time of selected and carry out the vibration loading effect, wherein the vibration exciter passes through the vibration anchor clamps and connects on the clamping platform, clamping platform installs the counter weight in one side in addition and realizes the static balance of platform, and install spring and damping in clamping platform bottom and realize the independence of vibration process, accomplish the compound technology stage of thermal vibration and wait after the part cools off, the pellet that stores in pellet storehouse receives the high-pressure gas effect in the high-pressurepipe, the pellet acts on the part via the injection pipe, whole process receives integrated controller to carry out the parameterization and sets for.
2. The method for regulating and controlling the stress of the thermal vibration-shot blasting composite process as claimed in claim 1, wherein quantitative process parameter control of the process is realized through four parts, namely a thermal vibration composite part, a shot blasting part, a clamping part and a control part.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034585A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-07-12 Straub John C Process of compression stressing metals to increase the fatigue strength thereof
CN103602801A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 北京航空航天大学 Thermal vibration composite residual stress homogenization method
CN109797272A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-05-24 北京翔博科技股份有限公司 Method for removing residual stress based on hot spectrum harmonics timeliness

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4034585A (en) * 1975-08-25 1977-07-12 Straub John C Process of compression stressing metals to increase the fatigue strength thereof
CN103602801A (en) * 2013-12-03 2014-02-26 北京航空航天大学 Thermal vibration composite residual stress homogenization method
CN109797272A (en) * 2019-04-02 2019-05-24 北京翔博科技股份有限公司 Method for removing residual stress based on hot spectrum harmonics timeliness

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
薄壁件表面应力松弛均化的时效分析与实验;余田等;《振动、测试与诊断》;20200430;第242-247页 *

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