CN111977919A - A method for treating heavy metal contaminated sediment by ultrasonic-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation - Google Patents

A method for treating heavy metal contaminated sediment by ultrasonic-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation Download PDF

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CN111977919A
CN111977919A CN202010623117.0A CN202010623117A CN111977919A CN 111977919 A CN111977919 A CN 111977919A CN 202010623117 A CN202010623117 A CN 202010623117A CN 111977919 A CN111977919 A CN 111977919A
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heavy metal
acid
sludge
acidification
chemical precipitation
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李金城
韦春满
王华鹏
钟溢健
陆燕勤
殷剑琦
郑会连
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Jiangsu Jinxi Environmental Technology Co ltd
Guilin University of Technology
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Guilin University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/143Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances
    • C02F11/145Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using inorganic substances using calcium compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/14Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
    • C02F11/147Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/15Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by treatment with electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields; by treatment with ultrasonic waves
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for treating heavy metal polluted bottom mud by utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation. The method comprises the following steps: pre-acidifying the bottom mud, extracting by ultrasonic wave, drying and dehydrating the bottom mud, chemically precipitating the extracting solution, recycling acid and the like. Pre-acidifying the bottom sludge, adding a complexing agent, and separating out heavy metals in the sludge from the bottom sludge through chemical dissolution and effective complexing under the action of ultrasonic waves; the purified bottom mud can be safely disposed or utilized after dehydration and drying; and (4) neutralizing and chemically precipitating the precipitated liquid, and continuously recycling the supernatant for the heavy metal extraction process of the acidified sludge. The invention has reasonable process route, moderate operation cost, module integration and convenient movement of the device, can effectively purify sludge polluted by heavy metal, and has good application prospect.

Description

一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥 的方法A method for treating heavy metal polluted sediment by ultrasonic-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及底泥重金属污染治理设备技术领域,更具体的涉及一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of sediment heavy metal pollution treatment equipment, and more particularly relates to a method for treating heavy metal polluted sediment by using ultrasonic wave-complex acid extraction-chemical precipitation.

背景技术Background technique

随着我国黑臭水体治理工作的深入,受重金属污染的底泥处理与处置成为了一项新的技术工作。填埋由于占地多,且含有重金属,可利用率低,渗滤液污染地下水,后续处理管理费用高等问题,应用受到限制。我国是一个发展中的农业大国,经济基础并不雄厚,应将底泥经过重金属去除,合理的回用于农田、植树造林、园林绿化以及垦荒地、贫瘠地等作为主要的有效利用途径。With the in-depth treatment of black and odorous water bodies in my country, the treatment and disposal of sediments contaminated by heavy metals has become a new technical work. The application of landfill is limited due to the problems of occupying a lot of land, containing heavy metals, low availability, leachate contamination of groundwater, and high management costs for subsequent treatment. my country is a developing agricultural country with a weak economic foundation. The heavy metals should be removed from the sediment and the reasonable reuse of it in farmland, afforestation, landscaping, wasteland and barren land should be the main effective way of utilization.

重金属是对生态环境危害极大的一类污染物,因其进入环境后不能被生物降解,而往往是参与食物链循环并最终在生物体内积累,破坏生物体正常生理代谢活动,危害人体健康;另一方面随着工业的发展,对重金属使用越来越广泛,从而造成重金属资源的相对缺乏。因此,如何从底泥中去除重金属并有效回收利用是当今环境保护领域中的一个突出问题。Heavy metals are a class of pollutants that are extremely harmful to the ecological environment. Because they cannot be biodegraded after entering the environment, they often participate in the food chain cycle and eventually accumulate in organisms, destroying the normal physiological metabolism of organisms and endangering human health. On the one hand, with the development of industry, the use of heavy metals has become more and more extensive, resulting in a relative lack of heavy metal resources. Therefore, how to remove heavy metals from sediment and effectively recycle them is a prominent problem in the field of environmental protection today.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,该方法包括:底泥预酸化、超声波提取、底泥干化脱水、提取液化学沉淀、酸回用等过程。工艺组成合理,既能将污染底泥中的重金属有效去除,又能将废液中的重金属沉淀、提取机回用,而且处理成本比现有化学处理法更为合理。The object of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art, and provide a method for utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation to treat heavy metal contaminated sediment, the method comprising: pre-acidification of sediment, ultrasonic extraction, and drying and dehydration of sediment , extraction liquid chemical precipitation, acid reuse and other processes. The process composition is reasonable, which can not only effectively remove the heavy metals in the polluted sediment, but also precipitate and reuse the heavy metals in the waste liquid, and the treatment cost is more reasonable than the existing chemical treatment method.

为了实现上述目标,本发明采用的技术方案如下:In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

(1)利用污泥泵将底泥输送至酸化提取反应器中,加入硫酸调整到中强酸性后,加入柠檬酸络合剂搅拌混合,经超声波协同作用,底泥中的重金属进入液相与底泥分离;(1) Use a sludge pump to transport the bottom sludge to the acidification extraction reactor, add sulfuric acid to adjust to medium-strong acidity, add a citric acid complexing agent, stir and mix, through the synergy of ultrasonic waves, the heavy metals in the bottom sludge enter the liquid phase and Sediment separation;

(2)处理后的底泥经脱水干化,可再经不同的调理后加以利用;(2) The treated sediment is dehydrated and dried, and can be used after different conditioning;

(3)泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态,柠檬酸盐继续保持在液相;(3) the extraction liquid after the mud-water separation contains citric acid heavy metal complex, after adding calcium salt and sulfide reaction precipitation, the heavy metal is converted into an inorganic binding state, and the citrate continues to remain in the liquid phase;

(4)经过二次沉淀分离、脱水,得到富含重金属的污泥,最终可安全处置或者作为原料用于重金属的重新冶炼;(4) After secondary precipitation, separation and dehydration, sludge rich in heavy metals is obtained, which can be safely disposed of or used as raw materials for re-smelting of heavy metals;

(5)二次沉淀的上清液经硫酸调整pH,并补充部分柠檬酸后回用于提取过程。(5) The pH of the supernatant of the secondary precipitation is adjusted by sulfuric acid, and a part of citric acid is supplemented and then reused in the extraction process.

优选地,所述的预酸化过程调节pH 3.0~4.0之间,预酸化用酸可以是浓硝酸、浓盐酸和浓硫酸。Preferably, the pH of the pre-acidification process is adjusted between 3.0 and 4.0, and the acid used for the pre-acidification can be concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

上述的的方法中,预酸化后加入重金属络合剂进行络合,络合剂为柠檬酸络合剂。In the above-mentioned method, after pre-acidification, a heavy metal complexing agent is added for complexing, and the complexing agent is a citric acid complexing agent.

上述的的方法中,预酸化、络合淋洗后的底泥经叠螺机脱水干化。In the above-mentioned method, the bottom mud after pre-acidification and complex leaching is dehydrated and dried by a screw stacker.

上述的的方法中,泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物沉淀剂反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态,所述钙盐为Ca(OH)2、CaO或者CaCl2,硫化物沉淀剂为硫化钠。In the above-mentioned method, the extraction solution after the separation of mud and water contains citric acid heavy metal complexes, and after the reaction and precipitation by adding calcium salts and sulfide precipitants, the heavy metals are converted into inorganic binding states, and the calcium salts are Ca(OH) 2 . , CaO or CaCl 2 , and the sulfide precipitant is sodium sulfide.

上述的的方法中,二次沉淀分离去除重金属的上清液调节pH 4.0酸化后再生。In the above-mentioned method, the supernatant liquid from which heavy metals are separated and removed by secondary precipitation is adjusted to pH 4.0 and then regenerated after acidification.

优选地,所述酸化再生药剂是浓硝酸、浓盐酸或者浓硫酸。Preferably, the acidification regeneration agent is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

发明由于采用了上述技术方案,具有以下有益效果:The invention has the following beneficial effects due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions:

1、本发明采用预酸化-柠檬酸络合剂-超声波提取法,可高效率提取底泥中的重金属,并使污染底泥脱毒,适当调理后回用于种植。避免了低成本填埋法占地大的弊端。1. The present invention adopts the pre-acidification-citric acid complexing agent-ultrasonic extraction method, which can efficiently extract heavy metals in the bottom mud, detoxify the polluted bottom mud, and reuse it for planting after proper conditioning. Avoid the disadvantages of the low-cost landfill method occupying a large area.

2、络合提取的重金属经过钙盐-硫化物沉淀分离,最大限度的减少了重金属危废的体积,方便危废处理公司最终处置,也可作为重金属矿源重新冶炼,从而缓解重金属矿源的日益缺乏。2. The heavy metals extracted by complexation are separated by calcium salt-sulfide precipitation, which minimizes the volume of heavy metal hazardous waste, which is convenient for the final disposal of hazardous waste treatment companies. .

3、泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态后,液相中的柠檬酸盐继续保持在液相,经硫酸调整pH,并补充部分柠檬酸后回用于提取过程,减少了柠檬酸络合物的用量,极大的减少了整个处理成本。3. The extract after separation of mud and water contains citric acid heavy metal complexes. After the reaction and precipitation by adding calcium salts and sulfides, the heavy metals are converted into inorganic binding states, and the citrates in the liquid phase continue to remain in the liquid phase. The pH is adjusted, and part of the citric acid is supplemented and reused in the extraction process, which reduces the amount of citric acid complex and greatly reduces the overall processing cost.

综上所述,本发明技术思路清晰、工艺路线合理,运行成本适中;该底泥净化系统可以实现模块集成化、移动方便,能有效净化重金属污染的污泥,具有良好的应用前景。To sum up, the present invention has clear technical ideas, reasonable process routes and moderate operating costs; the bottom sludge purification system can realize modular integration, is convenient to move, can effectively purify heavy metal-contaminated sludge, and has good application prospects.

而且,本发明的系统和装置也可以应用于重金属污染土壤的修复,将污染土壤与水拌和后即可用泵输送到系统净化,在重金属污染土壤修复领域适用性强,具有良好的环境效益和社会效益,有着广阔的市场推广前景。Moreover, the system and device of the present invention can also be applied to the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. After mixing the contaminated soil with water, it can be pumped to the system for purification. It has strong applicability in the field of heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation, and has good environmental benefits and social benefits. Benefit and have broad market promotion prospects.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,该方法包括:底泥预酸化、超声波提取、底泥干化脱水、提取液化学沉淀、酸回用等过程。利用污泥泵将底泥输送至酸化提取反应器中,加入硫酸调整到中强酸性后,加入柠檬酸络合剂搅拌混合,经超声波协同作用,底泥中的重金属进入液相与底泥分离;处理后的底泥经脱水干化,可再经不同的调理后加以利用;泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态,柠檬酸盐继续保持在液相;经过二次沉淀分离、脱水,得到富含重金属的污泥,最终可安全处置或者作为原料用于重金属的重新冶炼;二次沉淀的上清液经硫酸调整pH,并补充部分柠檬酸后回用于提取过程。A method for treating heavy metal polluted sediment by using ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation, the method includes processes such as pre-acidification of sediment, ultrasonic extraction, drying and dehydration of sediment, chemical precipitation of extraction liquid, acid reuse and the like. The sludge is transported to the acidification extraction reactor by the sludge pump. After adding sulfuric acid to adjust to medium strong acidity, the citric acid complexing agent is added to stir and mix. After the synergy of ultrasonic waves, the heavy metals in the sediment enter the liquid phase and separate from the sediment. ; The treated bottom mud is dehydrated and dried, and can be used after different conditioning; the extract after separation of mud and water contains citric acid heavy metal complexes. In the combined state, citrate continues to remain in the liquid phase; after secondary precipitation, separation and dehydration, sludge rich in heavy metals is obtained, which can be safely disposed of or used as raw materials for re-smelting of heavy metals; the supernatant of secondary precipitation is Sulfuric acid was used to adjust the pH, and some citric acid was supplemented to be used in the extraction process.

优选地,所述的预酸化过程调节pH 3.0~4.0之间,预酸化用酸可以是浓硝酸、浓盐酸和浓硫酸。Preferably, the pH of the pre-acidification process is adjusted between 3.0 and 4.0, and the acid used for the pre-acidification can be concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.

上述的的方法中,预酸化后加入重金属络合剂进行络合,络合剂为柠檬酸络合剂。In the above-mentioned method, after pre-acidification, a heavy metal complexing agent is added for complexing, and the complexing agent is a citric acid complexing agent.

上述的的方法中,预酸化、络合淋洗后的底泥经叠螺机脱水干化。In the above-mentioned method, the bottom mud after pre-acidification and complex leaching is dehydrated and dried by a screw stacker.

上述的的方法中,泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物沉淀剂反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态,所述钙盐为Ca(OH)2、CaO或者CaCl2,硫化物沉淀剂为硫化钠。In the above-mentioned method, the extraction solution after the separation of mud and water contains citric acid heavy metal complexes, and after the reaction and precipitation by adding calcium salts and sulfide precipitants, the heavy metals are converted into inorganic binding states, and the calcium salts are Ca(OH) 2 . , CaO or CaCl 2 , and the sulfide precipitant is sodium sulfide.

上述的的方法中,二次沉淀分离去除重金属的上清液调节pH 4.0酸化后再生,所述酸化再生药剂是浓硝酸、浓盐酸或者浓硫酸。In the above-mentioned method, the supernatant from the secondary precipitation separation and removal of heavy metals is adjusted to pH 4.0 for acidification and then regenerated, and the acidification regeneration agent is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.

Claims (6)

1.一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:底泥经过预酸化处理并加入络合剂,在超声波作用下,污泥中重金属经化学溶解和有效络合,从底泥中析出;净化后的底泥经脱水干化可以安全处置或者利用;析出液经中和、化学沉淀后,上清液继续回用酸化后污泥的重金属抽提过程。1. a method utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation to process heavy metal polluted bottom sludge, is characterized in that: bottom sludge is processed through pre-acidification and adds complexing agent, under ultrasonic action, heavy metal in sludge is processed through chemical dissolution and Effectively complexed and precipitated from the sediment; the purified sediment can be safely disposed of or used after dehydration and drying; after neutralization and chemical precipitation of the precipitated liquid, the supernatant continues to be reused in the heavy metal extraction process of the acidified sludge . 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:所述的预酸化过程调节pH为3.0~4.0之间,预酸化用酸可以是浓硝酸、浓盐酸和浓硫酸。2. A method of utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation to treat heavy metal contaminated sediment according to claim 1, wherein the pre-acidification process adjusts pH to be between 3.0 and 4.0, and the pre-acidification uses The acid can be concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:预酸化后加入重金属络合剂进行络合,络合剂为柠檬酸络合剂。3. a kind of method utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation to process heavy metal polluted sediment according to claim 1, is characterized in that: after pre-acidification, add heavy metal complexing agent to carry out complexing, and the complexing agent is citric acid complexing agent. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:预酸化、络合淋洗后的底泥经叠螺机脱水干化。4. a kind of method utilizing ultrasonic wave-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation to process heavy metal contaminated bottom sludge according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom sludge after pre-acidification, complexation leaching is dehydrated and dried by screw stacker . 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:泥水分离后的提取液含有柠檬酸重金属络合物,通过加入钙盐、硫化物沉淀剂反应沉淀后,重金属转换成无机结合态,所述钙盐为Ca(OH)2、CaO或者CaCl2,硫化物沉淀剂为硫化钠。5. a kind of method that utilizes ultrasonic wave-complex acid extraction-chemical precipitation to process heavy metal polluted sediment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the extraction liquid after mud-water separation contains citric acid heavy metal complex, by adding calcium salt After the reaction and precipitation of the sulfide precipitating agent, the heavy metal is converted into an inorganic binding state, the calcium salt is Ca(OH) 2 , CaO or CaCl 2 , and the sulfide precipitating agent is sodium sulfide. 6.根据权利要求1所述的一种利用超声波-复合酸提取-化学沉淀处理重金属污染底泥的方法,其特征在于:二次沉淀分离去除重金属的上清液调节pH为4.0酸化后再生,所述酸化再生药剂是浓硝酸、浓盐酸或者浓硫酸。6. a kind of method that utilizes ultrasonic wave-complex acid extraction-chemical precipitation to process heavy metal polluted bottom sludge according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the supernatant that secondary precipitation separates and removes heavy metal adjusts pH to be 4.0 regeneration after acidification, The acidification regeneration agent is concentrated nitric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid or concentrated sulfuric acid.
CN202010623117.0A 2020-06-30 2020-06-30 A method for treating heavy metal contaminated sediment by ultrasonic-composite acid extraction-chemical precipitation Pending CN111977919A (en)

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