CN110407414A - A kind of acid mine wastewater treatment method - Google Patents
A kind of acid mine wastewater treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005273 Canna coccinea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008555 Canna flaccida Species 0.000 claims description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000273256 Phragmites communis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003914 acid mine drainage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000993059 Homo sapiens Hereditary hemochromatosis protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5281—Installations for water purification using chemical agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/727—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation using pure oxygen or oxygen rich gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及环境工程技术领域，尤其是一种适用于场地条件狭小、不适合建立大规模处理设施的酸性矿山废水处理方法。The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to an acid mine wastewater treatment method suitable for narrow site conditions and unsuitable for establishing large-scale treatment facilities.
背景技术Background technique
煤矿或各种有色金属矿在开采与废矿石堆放过程中，常使与矿层伴生的硫铁矿暴露于空气中与地下水或地表水中，通过系列化学与生物氧化过程，使得近中性的地下水转变为低pH、高Fe、SO4 2-，且多种重(类)金属离子(Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、As等)并存的酸性矿山废水。酸性矿山废水具有污染成分复杂、水量波动大、排放点分散、难于控制等特点，此类废水若不经有效处理而任意排放，将严重污染地表水及土地资源，威胁农作物、水生生物与人体健康。During the mining of coal mines or various non-ferrous metal mines and the stacking of waste ores, the pyrite associated with the ore bed is often exposed to the air and groundwater or surface water. Through a series of chemical and biological oxidation processes, the near-neutral groundwater is transformed It is acidic mine wastewater with low pH, high Fe, SO 4 2- , and the coexistence of various heavy (like) metal ions (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, As, etc.). Acid mine wastewater has the characteristics of complex pollution components, large fluctuations in water volume, scattered discharge points, and difficulty in control. If such wastewater is discharged randomly without effective treatment, it will seriously pollute surface water and land resources, and threaten crops, aquatic organisms and human health. .
中和法是使用范围最广的一种方法。将中和剂放入酸性废水，在中和剂的作用下处理酸性废水。石灰中和法是最常用的酸性矿山排水的治理方法。然而，大多数酸性矿山排水体系中含有较大量的Fe2+，由于Fe(OH)2离子浓度积远大于Fe(OH)3的离子浓度积，所以为了在近中性条件下使得Fe离子完全沉淀而去除，因此，在工程应用中通常在化学中和前段完成Fe2+氧化过程，完成Fe2+的氧化需要曝气设施，运行过程中需要消耗大量的电能。Neutralization is the most widely used method. Put the neutralizer into the acid wastewater, and treat the acid wastewater under the action of the neutralizer. Lime neutralization is the most commonly used treatment method for acid mine drainage. However, most acidic mine drainage systems contain a relatively large amount of Fe 2+ . Since the ion concentration product of Fe(OH) 2 is much larger than that of Fe(OH) 3 , in order to make Fe ions completely Therefore, in engineering applications, the Fe 2+ oxidation process is usually completed in the chemical neutral and front stage. Aeration facilities are required to complete the Fe 2+ oxidation, and a large amount of electric energy is consumed during the operation.
人工湿地由基质、植物和微生物组成，在基质上选择性种植一些植物，当酸性矿山废水流经植物群落时，金属离子被植物根部吸收，而且，湿地也可为微生物群落的附着生长提供条件，缓慢的水流与人工湿地单元基质发生一定的中和作用。Constructed wetlands are composed of substrates, plants and microorganisms. Some plants are selectively planted on the substrates. When acid mine wastewater flows through plant communities, metal ions are absorbed by plant roots. Moreover, wetlands can also provide conditions for the attachment and growth of microbial communities. The slow water flow has a certain neutralization effect on the matrix of the constructed wetland unit.
硫化物沉淀法通常使用Na2S、NaHS等作为硫化剂，为了使反应更加充分，需要加入表面活性剂。这样一来，沉淀物表面的疏水性将会发生变化，反应会变得更充分，可以有效去除金属离子。该方法去除金属硫化物的效果比较理想，所产生的沉淀物不具有溶解性，容易去除。The sulfide precipitation method usually uses Na 2 S, NaHS, etc. as a vulcanizing agent. In order to make the reaction more complete, a surfactant needs to be added. In this way, the hydrophobicity of the surface of the precipitate will change, and the reaction will become more complete, which can effectively remove metal ions. This method has an ideal effect on removing metal sulfides, and the produced precipitates are not soluble and easy to remove.
这些处理方法所采用的处理设施需要固定的工作人员维护运行，运行费用昂贵，此外，需要占用大量的土地，而我国有大量的矿山由于场地条件的限制，不适合建立大规模的废水处理站或处理厂，因此，亟需开发新技术，能够减少处理设施的占地面积，有效降低处理设施运行费用的处理方法，实现酸性矿山废水的达标排放或水资源的综合利用。The treatment facilities used in these treatment methods require fixed staff to maintain and operate, and the operation costs are expensive. In addition, they need to occupy a large amount of land, and there are a large number of mines in my country due to site conditions, which are not suitable for establishing large-scale wastewater treatment stations or Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new technologies that can reduce the footprint of treatment facilities, effectively reduce the operating costs of treatment facilities, and achieve standard discharge of acid mine wastewater or comprehensive utilization of water resources.
发明内容Contents of the invention
技术问题：本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的不足，提供了一种简单、高效、操作管理方便、低成本的酸性矿山废水处理方法。Technical problem: The purpose of this invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a simple, efficient, convenient operation and management, and low-cost acid mine wastewater treatment method.
技术方案：本发明的一种酸性矿山废水处理方法，包括如下步骤：Technical scheme: a kind of acid mine wastewater treatment method of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
一种酸性矿山废水处理方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：A method for treating acid mine wastewater, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
a.通过水泵和管道将酸性矿山废水引入持续产氧池，在持续产氧池中投加粒径为150-350μm的氧气缓慢释放药剂和20-150g/m3酸性矿山废水，缓慢释放药剂与酸性废水反应生成氧气溶于废水，酸性矿山废水在持续产氧池停留1-3min；a. Introduce the acidic mine wastewater into the continuous oxygen production tank through the water pump and pipeline, and add the oxygen slow release agent with a particle size of 150-350μm and 20-150g/ m3 acid mine wastewater in the continuous oxygen production tank, and slowly release the agent and The acidic wastewater reacts to generate oxygen and dissolves in the wastewater, and the acidic mine wastewater stays in the continuous oxygen production pool for 1-3 minutes;
b.开启持续产氧池通向氧化沉淀池的闸门，氧化沉淀池为封闭的反应器，持续产氧池内的酸性矿山废水通过挡墙下部的出水口进入氧化沉淀池，在两个池之间的过水通道中设置有一个潜水推进器；b. Open the gate of the continuous oxygen generation pool leading to the oxidation sedimentation pool. The oxidation sedimentation pool is a closed reactor. The acidic mine wastewater in the continuous oxygen generation pool enters the oxidation sedimentation pool through the water outlet at the lower part of the retaining wall. A submersible propeller is arranged in the water passage;
c.酸性矿山废水中的Fe2+与持续产氧池中产生的氧气在氧化沉淀池中进行氧化反应，废水中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+，Fe3+在氧化沉淀池生成Fe(OH)3沉淀，在氧化沉淀池底部距离出水口1-2.5m处设置有排渣管，泥渣从排渣管定期排放，酸性矿山废水在氧化沉淀池中停留180-240min；c. The Fe 2+ in the acid mine wastewater and the oxygen produced in the continuous oxygen production tank are oxidized in the oxidation sedimentation tank, the Fe 2+ in the wastewater is oxidized to Fe 3+ , and the Fe 3+ generates Fe in the oxidation sedimentation tank ( OH) 3 precipitation, a slag discharge pipe is installed at the bottom of the oxidation sedimentation tank 1-2.5m away from the water outlet, and the sludge is discharged from the slag discharge pipe regularly, and the acid mine wastewater stays in the oxidation sedimentation tank for 180-240min;
d.在氧化沉淀池氧化沉淀处理后的酸性矿山废水底流通过挡墙下部的过水通道进入装有石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质混合材料的中和反应池，与中和反应池内的石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质混合材料发生中和反应，去除酸性矿山废水中的H+，酸性矿山废水在中和反应池停留的时间为120-180min；d. The bottom flow of acidic mine wastewater after oxidation and precipitation treatment in the oxidation sedimentation tank enters the neutralization reaction tank equipped with limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter mixed materials through the water passage at the lower part of the retaining wall, and the limestone and hydrogen in the neutralization reaction tank Magnesium oxide and organic matter mixed materials undergo a neutralization reaction to remove H + in the acid mine wastewater, and the residence time of the acid mine wastewater in the neutralization reaction tank is 120-180min;
e.经中和反应池处理后的酸性矿山废水通过挡墙下部的出水口进入湿地处理池，湿地处理池内充填有火山灰、石英砂、锰砂作为介质，并种植有芦苇、美人蕉等水生植物，酸性矿山废水在湿地处理池内停留的时间为240-480min，进一步处理水中没有去除掉的铁、锰、硫酸根物质，经过湿地处理后的出水外排或回用。e. The acidic mine wastewater treated by the neutralization reaction tank enters the wetland treatment pool through the water outlet at the lower part of the retaining wall. The wetland treatment pool is filled with volcanic ash, quartz sand, manganese sand as the medium, and reeds, cannas and other aquatic plants are planted. The acid mine wastewater stays in the wetland treatment pool for 240-480 minutes, and the iron, manganese, and sulfate radical substances that have not been removed in the water are further treated, and the effluent after wetland treatment is discharged or reused.
所述持续产氧池为一封闭的反应池，反应池的进水端设有由料斗和投料管构成的投料装置，料斗底部高于水面50-80cm，投料管伸入水面以下至池底部的距离为10-20cm，投料管上设有控制过氧化钙投加量的阀门。The continuous oxygen production pool is a closed reaction pool, and the water inlet end of the reaction pool is provided with a feeding device consisting of a hopper and a feeding pipe. The distance is 10-20cm, and the feeding pipe is equipped with a valve to control the dosage of calcium peroxide.
所述氧气缓慢释放药剂由过氧化钙、氢氧化钠和木质素混合制成，过氧化钙、氢氧化钠、木质素和水的质量比例为(80-85):(5-10):(5-10):5；将配制好的氧气缓慢释放药剂加入水调匀后进入回转干燥机干燥，干燥温度为220-260℃，干燥后混合物磨成粒径为150-350μm的颗粒物。The oxygen slow release agent is made by mixing calcium peroxide, sodium hydroxide and lignin, and the mass ratio of calcium peroxide, sodium hydroxide, lignin and water is (80-85):(5-10):( 5-10): 5; add the prepared oxygen slow release agent into water and mix thoroughly, then enter the rotary dryer for drying, the drying temperature is 220-260°C, after drying, the mixture is ground into particles with a particle size of 150-350 μm.
所述中和反应池(4)内填充的石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质的厚度为120-220cm，石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质三种材料的质量比为1：1-2.5：0.05-0.1。The thickness of the limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter filled in the neutralization reaction tank (4) is 120-220 cm, and the mass ratio of the limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter is 1:1-2.5:0.05-0.1.
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明是针对场地面积狭小，不能建设大规模处理设施的酸性矿山排水提出新的解决方法，在酸性矿山废水中和前就已经完成Fe2+氧化过程，有效去除了水中的Fe，确保酸性矿山废水得到有效的处理，保证了矿山周边土壤和水体的环境安全，解决了场地条件限制不适合建立废水处理站或处理厂的酸性矿山废水的问题，只需要简单的日常维护定期投加氧气缓慢释放药剂，定期排出泥渣，由于在处理系统中不安装曝气设施，大大降低运行时电力消耗，运行费用低，操作可靠安全，在本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。Beneficial effects: due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical scheme, the present invention proposes a new solution for acid mine drainage that cannot build large-scale treatment facilities due to the narrow and small site area, and completes the Fe2 + oxidation process before the acid mine wastewater is neutralized. Effectively removes Fe in the water, ensures the effective treatment of acid mine wastewater, ensures the environmental safety of the soil and water around the mine, and solves the problem of acid mine wastewater that is not suitable for the establishment of wastewater treatment stations or treatment plants due to site conditions. Simple daily maintenance, regular dosing of oxygen slow-release chemicals, regular discharge of sludge, since no aeration facilities are installed in the treatment system, the power consumption during operation is greatly reduced, the operation cost is low, and the operation is reliable and safe. It has a wide range of applications in this technical field. practicality.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的酸性矿山废水处理工艺流程图。Fig. 1 is the acid mine wastewater treatment process flow chart of the present invention.
图中：1-持续产氧池，2-潜水推进器，3-氧化沉淀池，4-中和反应池，5-湿地处理池，A-投料装置，B-排渣管。In the figure: 1-continuous oxygen production tank, 2-submersible propeller, 3-oxidation sedimentation tank, 4-neutralization reaction tank, 5-wetland treatment tank, A-feeding device, B-slag discharge pipe.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的说明：The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiment in the accompanying drawings:
本发明的酸性矿山废水处理方法，因地置宜，根据不同狭小场地面积设计持续产氧池1，潜水推进器2，氧化沉淀池3，中和反应池4和湿地处理池5，具体步骤如下：According to the method for treating acid mine wastewater of the present invention, the continuous oxygen production pool 1, the submersible thruster 2, the oxidation sedimentation pool 3, the neutralization reaction pool 4 and the wetland treatment pool 5 are designed according to different narrow site areas, and the specific steps are as follows :
a.通过水泵和管道将酸性矿山废水引入持续产氧池1，在持续产氧池1中投加粒径为150-350μm的氧气缓慢释放药剂和20-150g/m3酸性矿山废水，所述氧气缓慢释放药剂由过氧化钙、氢氧化钠和木质素混合制成，过氧化钙、氢氧化钠、木质素和水的质量比例为(80-85):(5-10):(5-10):5；将配制好的氧气缓慢释放药剂加入水调匀后进入回转干燥机干燥，干燥温度为220-260℃，干燥后混合物磨成粒径为150-350μm的颗粒物。缓慢释放药剂与酸性废水反应生成氧气溶于废水，酸性矿山废水在持续产氧池停留1-3min；所述持续产氧池1为一封闭的反应池，反应池的进水端设有由料斗和投料管构成的投料装置A，料斗底部高于水面50-80cm，投料管伸入水面以下至池底部的距离为10-20cm，投料管上设有控制过氧化钙投加量的阀门。a. Acidic mine wastewater is introduced into continuous oxygen production pool 1 by water pump and pipeline, and in continuous oxygen production pool 1, dosing is 150-350 μm oxygen slow release medicament and 20-150g/m 3 acidic mine wastewater, said The oxygen slow release agent is made by mixing calcium peroxide, sodium hydroxide and lignin, and the mass ratio of calcium peroxide, sodium hydroxide, lignin and water is (80-85):(5-10):(5- 10): 5; add the prepared oxygen slow release agent into water and mix thoroughly, then enter the rotary dryer for drying at a drying temperature of 220-260°C, and grind the mixture into particles with a particle size of 150-350 μm after drying. The slow release agent reacts with the acidic wastewater to generate oxygen dissolved in the wastewater, and the acidic mine wastewater stays in the continuous oxygen production pool for 1-3 minutes; the continuous oxygen production pool 1 is a closed reaction pool, and the water inlet end of the reaction pool is provided with a hopper Feeding device A composed of feeding pipe, the bottom of the hopper is 50-80cm higher than the water surface, the distance from the feeding pipe extending below the water surface to the bottom of the pool is 10-20cm, and the feeding pipe is equipped with a valve to control the dosage of calcium peroxide.
b.开启持续产氧池1通向氧化沉淀池3的闸门，氧化沉淀池3为封闭的反应器，持续产氧池1内的酸性矿山废水通过挡墙下部的出水口进入氧化沉淀池3，在两个池之间的过水通道中设置有一个潜水推进器2；b. open the gate of the continuous oxygen generation pool 1 leading to the oxidation sedimentation pool 3, the oxidation sedimentation pool 3 is a closed reactor, and the acid mine wastewater in the continuous oxygen generation pool 1 enters the oxidation sedimentation pool 3 through the water outlet at the bottom of the retaining wall, A submersible propeller 2 is arranged in the water passage between the two pools;
c.酸性矿山废水中的Fe2+与持续产氧池1中产生的氧气在氧化沉淀池3中进行氧化反应，废水中的Fe2+氧化成Fe3+，Fe3+在氧化沉淀池3生成Fe(OH)3沉淀，在氧化沉淀池3底部距离出水口1-2.5m处设置有排渣管B，泥渣从排渣管B定期排放，酸性矿山废水在氧化沉淀池3中停留180-240min；c. The Fe 2+ in the acid mine wastewater and the oxygen produced in the continuous oxygen generation tank 1 are oxidized in the oxidation sedimentation tank 3, and the Fe 2+ in the wastewater is oxidized to Fe 3+ , and the Fe 3+ is in the oxidation sedimentation tank 3 To generate Fe(OH) 3 precipitation, a slag discharge pipe B is set at the bottom of the oxidation sedimentation tank 3 at a distance of 1-2.5m from the water outlet, and the sludge is regularly discharged from the slag discharge pipe B, and the acidic mine wastewater stays in the oxidation sedimentation tank 3 for 180 -240min;
d.在氧化沉淀池3氧化沉淀处理后的酸性矿山废水底流通过挡墙下部的过水通道进入装有石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质混合材料的中和反应池4，与中和反应池4内的石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质混合材料发生中和反应，去除酸性矿山废水中的H+，酸性矿山废水在中和反应池4停留的时间为120-180min；所述中和反应池4内填充的石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质的厚度为120-220cm，石灰石、氢氧化镁和有机质三种材料的质量比为1：1-2.5：0.05-0.1。d. The bottom flow of acidic mine wastewater after oxidation and precipitation treatment in the oxidation sedimentation tank 3 enters the neutralization reaction tank 4 equipped with limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter mixed materials through the water passage at the lower part of the retaining wall, and the neutralization reaction tank 4 The limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter mixed materials undergo a neutralization reaction to remove H + in the acid mine wastewater. The acid mine wastewater stays in the neutralization reaction pool 4 for 120-180 minutes; the neutralization reaction pool 4 is filled with The thickness of limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter is 120-220cm, and the mass ratio of limestone, magnesium hydroxide and organic matter is 1:1-2.5:0.05-0.1.
e.经中和反应池4处理后的酸性矿山废水通过挡墙下部的出水口进入湿地处理池5，湿地处理池5内充填有火山灰、石英砂、锰砂作为介质，并种植有芦苇、美人蕉等水生植物，酸性矿山废水在湿地处理池5内停留的时间为240-480min，进一步处理水中没有去除掉的铁、锰、硫酸根物质，经过湿地处理后的出水外排或回用。e. The acidic mine wastewater treated by the neutralization reaction pool 4 enters the wetland treatment pool 5 through the water outlet at the lower part of the retaining wall. The wetland treatment pool 5 is filled with volcanic ash, quartz sand, and manganese sand as media, and reeds and cannas are planted Aquatic plants, acidic mine wastewater stay in the wetland treatment pool 5 for 240-480min, and the iron, manganese, and sulfate substances that have not been removed in the water are further treated, and the effluent after wetland treatment is discharged or reused.
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