CN111977911A - Method for treating leachate wastewater in electrolytic aluminum slag yard - Google Patents
Method for treating leachate wastewater in electrolytic aluminum slag yard Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
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- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
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- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard, which comprises the following steps: the waste water collects the collecting and adjusting tank, the defluorination reaction tank is pumped in, the supernatant flows into the coagulation reaction tank, coagulation reaction is carried out, the leachate of the coagulation reaction tank is pumped into the efficient sedimentation tank, solid-liquid separation is carried out, the separated supernatant automatically flows into the neutralization adjusting tank, the separated sludge is periodically discharged into the sludge collecting tank, the leachate with the well-adjusted pH value is pumped into the biochemical reaction tank, the supernatant enters the physical adsorption tank, the sludge is periodically discharged into the sludge collecting tank, the adsorbed supernatant enters the monitoring tank, and the detection can be discharged after reaching the standard. The invention creatively adopts the combined process of defluorination reaction, coagulation reaction, solid-liquid separation, neutralization biochemical reaction and physical adsorption to treat the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag field, and has the advantages of low cost, short process, stable water production, easy management and operation and easy popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag field.
Background
The electrolytic aluminum uses alumina, fluoride salt and cryolite as raw materials in the production process, a slag field mainly comprises overhaul waste slag and waste slag generated in production, the content of fluoride in leachate generated after long-term rainwater infiltration and immersion is very high (can reach 10000mg/L), the pH value reaches 13, the ammonia nitrogen reaches 400mg/L, and the CODcr reaches 1800 mg/L. Once the sewage seeps into the ground, the sewage and surface water resources nearby are seriously polluted, and the sewage and surface water resources have very serious influence on nearby drainage basins and resident lives. According to the discharge standard of the table 2 of the aluminum industrial pollutant discharge standard GB 25465-2010 in China, if the aluminum is directly discharged, the PH needs to be controlled to be 6-9, suspended matters need to be controlled to be within 30mg/L, fluoride needs to be controlled to be within 5mg/L, and CODcr is controlled to be 60 mg/L. Therefore, the method has very important significance on the aspects of pollution prevention, continuous development and the like in the treatment of the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard.
At present, the following methods are mostly selected for the process of treating the leachate in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard:
a natural evaporation method: usually, a percolate collecting tank is arranged at the lowest point of the slag field, and the collected percolate is sprayed on the surface of the slag field by a pump so as to naturally evaporate the water. The method has the disadvantages that the harmful substances are continuously enriched, once the impermeable membrane is weathered or damaged, the influence on underground water and downstream drainage basins is fatal, and the problem cannot be fundamentally solved.
An adsorption method: the leachate is passed through a contact bed to remove fluoride by ion exchange or chemical reaction with the media. The disadvantage of this process is that it is not suitable for percolates with a high fluoride content and the regeneration of the contact bed is costly due to the high salt content.
Neutralization precipitation method: the PH of the leachate is reduced by adding acid, and then a defluorination agent is added to form a precipitate, and the precipitate is removed by solid-liquid separation, wherein the treatment effect depends on the selected agent, the reaction condition and the solid-liquid separation effect. The method has the disadvantages that a large amount of inorganic acid is consumed during neutralization, the cost is high, other pollution indexes cannot be treated, and the environmental risk still exists.
Therefore, the research and development of the treatment process of the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag field has very important significance in various aspects such as pollution prevention, sustainable development and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior method and the prior art and provides a method for treating the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag field by adopting a combined process of defluorination reaction, coagulation reaction, solid-liquid separation, neutralization biochemical reaction and physical adsorption.
The purpose of the invention and the main technical problem to be solved are realized by adopting the following method.
The invention provides a method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting the electrolytic aluminum slag field leachate into a collecting and regulating tank through a pump, stabilizing the water quantity and the water quality, and preventing the load of a treatment system from changing sharply;
(2) pumping the percolate homogenized in the collecting and adjusting tank into a defluorination reaction tank, adding a defluorination agent into the defluorination reaction tank, reacting the defluorination agent with fluorine ions to generate a precipitate, and enabling supernatant of the defluorination reaction tank to flow into a coagulation reaction tank;
(3) adding a coagulant into the coagulation reaction tank for coagulation reaction, so that fluoride precipitates to form flocs, and facilitating subsequent solid-liquid separation;
(4) pumping the percolate of the coagulation reaction tank into a high-efficiency sedimentation tank, carrying out solid-liquid separation, removing most of fluoride, suspended matters and chromaticity, removing a small part of ammonia nitrogen and COD, allowing the separated supernatant to automatically flow into a neutralization regulating tank, and periodically discharging the separated sludge into a sludge collection tank;
(5) adding acid into the neutralization regulating tank, and regulating the pH value of the percolate to be below 9.0 to achieve the condition of biochemical reaction;
(6) pumping the percolate with the adjusted pH value into a biochemical reaction tank, adding a carbon source, aerating by an aeration device, and removing COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in the percolate by aerating, anoxic, anaerobic, precipitating and draining in the biochemical reaction tank; the supernatant enters a physical adsorption tank, and the sludge is periodically discharged into a sludge collection tank;
(7) in the physical adsorption tank, COD, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and chroma are further adsorbed by an adsorbing material; after adsorption, the mixture enters a monitoring pool, and can be discharged after reaching the standard after detection;
(8) sludge in the sludge collection pool is pumped into the belt type filter press through the lifting pump to be subjected to filter pressing treatment, dry sludge is transported outwards, and filter pressing filtrate is returned to the collection adjusting pool through the pump to be continuously treated.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (2), wherein the defluorinating agent is any one or a mixture of more than two of calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and calcium oxide.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (2), wherein the reaction time of the defluorination reaction is 10-20 min.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (2), wherein the defluorination reaction tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, and the rotating speed of the stirrer is 70-80 r/min.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (3), wherein the coagulant added into the coagulation reaction tank is polyacrylamide, the molecular weight of the coagulant is 1200w-1800w, the concentration of the coagulant is 1-3 per mill, and the adding amount of the coagulant is 4-8 ppm.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (3), wherein the coagulation reaction tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, and the rotating speed of the stirrer is 30-45 r/min.
The method for treating the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the following steps that the high-efficiency sedimentation tank in the step (4) is divided into a mixing section, a flocculation section and a separation section, and the high-efficiency sedimentation tank is mainly used for mixing, flocculation, separation and sedimentation; wherein the residence time of the mixing section is 2-3min, the velocity gradient is 250s-1, the residence time of the flocculation section is 5-15min, the flow velocity of a central cylinder of the flocculation section is 0.3m/s, the residence time of a clarification tank of the separation section is 45-55min, and a water collection tank of the separation section adopts a rectangular tank made of carbon steel.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the following steps of (1) using acid used in the neutralization regulating tank in the step (5) as concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 98%; the neutralization regulating tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the stirrer is 70-80 r/min.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (6), wherein the biochemical reaction tank adopts an MSBR (anaerobic-sequencing batch reactor) process, and is a sewage biochemical treatment process integrating aeration, oxygen deficiency, anaerobism, sedimentation and drainage. The biochemical reaction tank is provided with a submersible stirrer and a fan, the rotating speed of the submersible stirrer is 110r/min-135r/min, and the aeration intensity of the fan is 10m3/min-15m3/min。
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step (6), wherein the carbon source added into the biochemical reaction tank is sodium acetate or formic acid.
The method for treating leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises the step of mixing the ceramsite and the zeolite as adsorption materials in the physical adsorption tank to form a composite filler.
The electrolytic aluminum slag field leachate wastewater treatment system for the treatment method of the electrolytic aluminum slag field leachate wastewater comprises a collection regulating tank, a defluorination reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank, a neutralization regulating tank, a biochemical reaction tank, a physical adsorption tank and a monitoring tank which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, wherein the high-efficiency sedimentation tank and the biochemical reaction tank are also connected with a sludge collection tank, the sludge collection tank is connected with a belt type filter press, and the belt type filter press is connected with the collection regulating tank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious advantages and beneficial effects. The invention creatively adopts the combined process of defluorination reaction, coagulation reaction, solid-liquid separation, neutralization biochemical reaction and physical adsorption to treat the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag field. Firstly, removing most of fluoride ions by adding a fluorine removing agent and a coagulant under an alkaline condition; then neutralizing by acid, meeting biochemical conditions and preventing the precipitate of the formed fluoride from being dissolved out again; after entering the biochemical reaction tank, in an anoxic stage, sewage continuously enters a sludge layer, a carbon source is supplemented to improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the denitrification effect is improved, and in the stage, the organic matters are hydrolyzed and acidified, so that macromolecules of the organic matters are changed into micromolecules, and insoluble organic matters are solubilized, thereby improving the treatment effect on COD; finally, fully adsorbing and filtering by ceramsite and zeolite.
The defluorination reaction in the method has the characteristics of short reaction time and high removal efficiency, the biochemical reaction has the characteristics of short flow, few structures, variable operation modes and integration of oxidation, nitrification and denitrification, and the whole method has the advantages of low cost, short process, stable water production, easy management and operation and easy popularization and application. The leachate in the electrolytic aluminum slag field can reach the direct discharge standard in the aluminum industry pollutant discharge standard GB 25465-2010 Table 2.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the system for treating the leachate wastewater in the electrolytic aluminum slag yard comprises a collecting and adjusting tank, a defluorination reaction tank, a coagulation reaction tank, a high-efficiency sedimentation tank, a neutralization and adjusting tank, a biochemical reaction tank, a physical adsorption tank, a monitoring tank, a sludge collecting tank and a belt filter press. The method for treating the leachate wastewater of the electrolytic aluminum slag yard according to the process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the electrolytic aluminum slag field leachate enters a collecting and regulating tank through a pump, so that the water quantity and the water quality are stabilized, and the rapid change of the load of a treatment system is prevented;
(2) pumping the percolate after the homogenization treatment into a defluorination reaction tank, adding a defluorination agent, and reacting with fluorine ions to generate a precipitate; the defluorinating agent is calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride, calcium oxide or the mixture of the calcium hydroxide, the calcium chloride and the calcium oxide, and is provided with a stirrer, the rotating speed of the stirrer is 70-80r/min, the reaction time is 10-20min, and then the defluorinating agent enters a coagulation reaction tank;
(3) adding a coagulant into a coagulation reaction tank for coagulation reaction, precipitating fluoride in an alkaline condition, forming larger granular floc precipitates through the compression double-electron layer and net trapping of polyacrylamide, wherein the used coagulant is polyacrylamide with the molecular weight of 1200-1800 w, the concentration of the prepared polyacrylamide is 1-3 per mill, the adding amount is 4-8ppm, and the rotating speed of a stirrer is 30-45 r/min;
(4) pumping the percolate in the coagulation reaction tank into a high-efficiency sedimentation tank for solid-liquid separation, wherein the high-efficiency sedimentation tank is divided into a mixing section, a flocculation section and a separation section, and is mainly used for mixing, flocculating, separating and settling; wherein the retention time of the mixing section is 2-3min, the velocity gradient is 250s-1, the retention time of the flocculation section is 5-15min, the flow rate of a central cylinder of the flocculation section is 0.3m/s, the retention time of the clarification tank of the separation section is 45-55min, most of fluoride, suspended matters and chromaticity are removed, a small part of ammonia nitrogen and COD are removed, and the separated supernatant automatically flows into a neutralization regulating tank; sludge is periodically discharged into a sludge collecting tank;
(5) in a neutralization regulating tank, adding 98% concentrated sulfuric acid by mass to regulate the pH of the leachate to be below 9.0, and stirring at a rotating speed of 70-80r/min so as to achieve the condition of biochemical reaction;
(6) pumping the percolate with the adjusted pH value into a biochemical reaction tank, adding a carbon source, arranging an aeration device for aeration, removing COD and ammonia nitrogen in the percolate through the processes of aeration, hypoxia, anaerobism, sedimentation and drainage, arranging a submersible stirrer and a fan in the biochemical reaction tank, wherein the rotating speed of the submersible stirrer is 110r/min-135r/min, and the aeration intensity of the fan is 10m3/min-15m3Min, adding sodium acetate or formic acid as a carbon source; supernatant fluid enters a physical adsorption tank, and sludge is periodically discharged into the physical adsorption tankA sludge collection tank;
(7) in the physical adsorption tank, the adsorption material is a special filler which is a composite filler formed by mixing ceramsite and zeolite, COD, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and chromaticity are further adsorbed and filtered to be removed, and then the adsorption material enters the monitoring tank and is discharged after reaching the standard;
(8) sludge in the sludge collection pool is pumped into the belt type filter press through the lifting pump to be subjected to filter pressing treatment, dry sludge is transported outwards, and filter pressing filtrate is returned to the collection adjusting pool through the pump to be continuously treated.
Water quality meter
The method reaches the discharge standard of Table 2 in aluminum industry pollutant discharge Standard GB 25465-2010 in China.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting the electrolytic aluminum slag field leachate into a collecting and regulating tank through a pump, stabilizing the water quantity and the water quality, and preventing the load of a treatment system from changing sharply;
(2) pumping the percolate homogenized in the collecting and adjusting tank into a defluorination reaction tank, adding a defluorination agent into the defluorination reaction tank, reacting the defluorination agent with fluorine ions to generate a precipitate, and enabling supernatant of the defluorination reaction tank to flow into a coagulation reaction tank;
(3) adding a coagulant into the coagulation reaction tank for coagulation reaction, so that fluoride precipitates to form flocs, and facilitating subsequent solid-liquid separation;
(4) pumping the percolate of the coagulation reaction tank into a high-efficiency sedimentation tank, carrying out solid-liquid separation, removing most of fluoride, suspended matters and chromaticity, removing a small part of ammonia nitrogen and COD, allowing the separated supernatant to automatically flow into a neutralization regulating tank, and periodically discharging the separated sludge into a sludge collection tank;
(5) adding acid into the neutralization regulating tank, and regulating the pH value of the percolate to be below 9.0 to achieve the condition of biochemical reaction;
(6) pumping the percolate with the adjusted pH value into a biochemical reaction tank, adding a carbon source, aerating by an aeration device, and removing COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen in the percolate by aerating, anoxic, anaerobic, precipitating and draining in the biochemical reaction tank; the supernatant enters a physical adsorption tank, and the sludge is periodically discharged into a sludge collection tank;
(7) in the physical adsorption tank, COD, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and chromaticity are further adsorbed by an adsorbing material, and the adsorbed COD, ammonia nitrogen, fluoride and chromaticity enter a monitoring tank and can be discharged after the detection reaches the standard;
(8) sludge in the sludge collection pool is pumped into the belt type filter press through the lifting pump to be subjected to filter pressing treatment, dry sludge is transported outwards, and filter pressing filtrate is returned to the collection adjusting pool through the pump to be continuously treated.
2. The method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the defluorinating agent in the step (2) is any one or a mixture of more than two of calcium hydroxide, calcium chloride and calcium oxide; the reaction time of the defluorination reaction is 10-20 min; the defluorination reaction tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the stirrer is 70-80 r/min.
3. The method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coagulant added in the coagulation reaction tank in the step (3) is polyacrylamide, the molecular weight is 1200w-1800w, the concentration is 1-3 per mill, and the addition amount is 4-8 ppm; the coagulation reaction tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the stirrer is 30-45 r/min.
4. The method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high efficiency sedimentation tank in the step (4) is divided into a mixing section, a flocculation section and a separation section, and is mainly used for mixing, flocculation, separation and sedimentation; wherein the residence time of the mixing section is 2-3min, the velocity gradient is 250s-1, the residence time of the flocculation section is 5-15min, the flow velocity of a central cylinder of the flocculation section is 0.3m/s, the residence time of a clarification tank of the separation section is 45-55min, and a water collection tank of the separation section adopts a rectangular tank made of carbon steel.
5. The method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid used in the neutralization regulating tank in the step (5) is concentrated sulfuric acid with a mass fraction of 98%; the neutralization regulating tank is provided with a paddle type stirrer, wherein the rotating speed of the stirrer is 70-80 r/min.
6. The method for treating leachate wastewater in electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biochemical reaction tank in step (6) adopts MSBR technology, which is a sewage biochemical treatment technology integrating aeration, anoxic, anaerobic, sedimentation and drainage, the biochemical reaction tank is provided with a submersible mixer and a fan, the rotation speed of the submersible mixer is 110r/min-135r/min, and the aeration intensity of the fan is 10m3/min-15m3/min。
7. The method for treating leachate wastewater in an electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carbon source added in the biochemical reaction tank in the step (6) is sodium acetate or formic acid.
8. The method for treating leachate wastewater in electrolytic aluminum slag yard as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adsorption material in the physical adsorption tank is a composite filler mixed by ceramsite and zeolite.
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| CN114291981A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-04-08 | 贵州中车绿色环保有限公司 | Red mud leachate biochemical treatment system and treatment method |
| CN115072912A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-09-20 | 浙江巨化技术中心有限公司 | Combined treatment method of fluororesin production wastewater |
| CN115072912B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-03-19 | 浙江巨化技术中心有限公司 | Combined treatment method for fluororesin production wastewater |
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