CN111975131B - Gear end shaping method for processing spiral bevel gear based on non-generating method - Google Patents
Gear end shaping method for processing spiral bevel gear based on non-generating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111975131B CN111975131B CN202010716715.2A CN202010716715A CN111975131B CN 111975131 B CN111975131 B CN 111975131B CN 202010716715 A CN202010716715 A CN 202010716715A CN 111975131 B CN111975131 B CN 111975131B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F19/00—Finishing gear teeth by other tools than those used for manufacturing gear teeth
- B23F19/002—Modifying the theoretical tooth flank form, e.g. crowning
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a tooth end shaping method for machining a spiral bevel gear based on a non-generating method, which is mainly used for shaping the tooth end of the machined bevel gear by a forming method. In practical application, the method can avoid edge contact under light load or heavy load in the shaping process, improve the transmission stability, reduce the impact caused by edge contact and improve the service life of the gear to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a gear machining method, in particular to a tooth end shaping method for machining a spiral bevel gear based on a non-generating method.
Background
The spiral bevel gear machining method mainly comprises a generating method and a non-generating method (namely a forming method) according to the relative motion relation between a cutter and a workpiece. For generating methods, there is relative motion between the tool and the workpiece at each instant, the tooth surface of the workpiece is the envelope surface of the spade surface of the tool, the two are in line contact at each instant, the relative position of the tool and the workpiece can be set by a series of control parameters including rotational and translational motion, and different positions correspond to different tooth shapes. Theoretically, generating process can achieve reconstruction of any smooth tooth surface. Aiming at generating method gear processing, the correction of the tooth surface of the gear can be completed by adopting a set of processing parameters. There are many ways of correcting, and the correction may be performed in the tooth length direction, in the tooth profile direction, or in the meshing line direction. By correcting the tooth profile, the purposes of meshing optimization of the actual contact area of the gear pair, reducing meshing-in and meshing-out impact, avoiding edge contact, reducing noise and the like can be realized.
For the non-generating method (forming method), the relative position between the cutter and the workpiece is unchanged, the cutter only performs cutting movement in the tooth depth direction, and the actual machined tooth surface is the mapping of the cutter spade surface. Since there is no relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, the positional relationship between the two is determined by basic machine tool parameters, and generally includes radial tool position, horizontal wheel position, wheel base mounting angle and rolling center. The influence of the individual basic parameters on the tooth surface profile is linear. Correction of the tooth form (in particular pressure angle errors, diagonal errors or drum errors) is difficult with unchanged tool parameters.
The traditional tooth end modification method of the non-generating method (i.e. the forming method), such as a flaring cup method, mainly completes the drum modification in the tooth length direction by calculating the relative motion track of a cutter and a workpiece at each generating position.
Disclosure of Invention
The present utility model aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the utility model provides a tooth end shape correction method for processing a spiral bevel gear based on a non-generating method aiming at the bevel gear processed by a forming method, and the drum shape correction of the tooth end is completed by a method for increasing the cutting-in position and rapidly completing the related calculation.
According to the embodiment of the utility model, the tooth end shaping method for processing the spiral bevel gear based on the non-generating method comprises the following steps of:
s1: taking the non-generating method parameter as a first manufacturing parameter, and calculating an original non-generating method tooth surface corresponding to the first manufacturing parameter after all tooth surfaces or one tooth slot is machined;
s2: according to actual tooth blank parameters and actual requirements of the gear to be processed, the required modification amount and modification point positions for modification are manually set, and then the modification area of the quadrilateral shape is determined;
s3: determining a workpiece corner corresponding to a cutting-in position and a second manufacturing parameter of machine tool processing according to the modification region, the modification amount and the smooth transition requirement of the original non-generating method tooth surface at the modification point;
s4: on the basis of completing all tooth surfaces or single tooth grooves according to the first manufacturing parameters, processing according to the second manufacturing parameters to obtain modified tooth surfaces corresponding to the second manufacturing parameters;
s5: and verifying whether the modification position and the modification amount of the tooth end meet the design requirement through measurement or gear rolling, finishing processing if the modification position and the modification amount meet the design requirement, and reversely adjusting S2 to reset the modification amount and the modification point position for calculation and processing if the modification amount and the modification point position do not meet the design requirement.
The tooth end shaping method for processing the spiral bevel gear based on the non-generating method has at least the following technical effects:
the tooth end modification method based on the non-generating method for processing the spiral bevel gear is mainly used for modifying the tooth end of the processed bevel gear by a forming method, and in order to ensure the tooth thickness of a modification point position, avoid tooth end interference in the processing process, finish drum modification of the tooth end by a method for increasing a cutting-in position and rapidly completing related calculation, avoid subsequent increasing generating movement in the traditional tooth end modification method, take shorter time and ensure smooth transition between a modification area and an original non-generating method tooth surface. In practical application, the method can avoid edge contact under light load or heavy load in the shaping process, improve the transmission stability, reduce the impact caused by edge contact and improve the service life of the gear to a certain extent.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the modified area is a quadrilateral area determined according to a given modified length and corresponding tooth height, which is more advantageous to avoid edge contact than conventional full tooth surface based modifications.
According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the modification parameters of the modification of the tooth end are determined by an optimization method, so as to ensure that the tooth shape error between the modified tooth surface and the original non-generating method tooth surface meets the design requirement.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the modification is a tooth correction of the modification region along the tooth length or profile direction of the gear, and the modification is determined by parabolic drum.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the modified tooth surface includes a convex and/or concave surface that is more efficient than conventional single convex and/or concave modification.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the relevant parameters of the plunge position include radial motion, angular motion, helical motion, and roll ratio motion.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, determining the workpiece rotation angle and the second manufacturing parameter includes establishing a relationship between the first manufacturing parameter and the second manufacturing parameter such that an actual machining process may be uniformly represented as a set of machining parameters to facilitate machining.
Additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the utility model.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the utility model will become apparent and may be better understood from the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present utility model are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present utility model and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, features defining "first", "second" may include one or more such features, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present utility model, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
According to the theory of a traditional six-axis linkage numerical control machine tool with a horizontal structure, the relative position of a cutter and a workpiece in the actual machining process can be determined through the position of six axes X, Y, Z, A, B, C, namely, each axis corresponds to different machine tool machining parameters respectively, and the X axis corresponds to the movement of the machine tool plane in the horizontal direction, namely, the horizontal distance Hor; the Y axis corresponds to the motion of the machine tool plane in the vertical direction, namely the vertical wheel position Em; the Z axis corresponds to the movement perpendicular to the plane direction of the machine tool, namely a bed Xb; the rotation angle of the B shaft corresponds to the included angle between the axis of the workpiece and the horizontal direction of the plane of the machine tool, namely the installation angle gamma of the wheel blank m The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The rotation angles of the A axis and the C axis respectively represent the rotation angles of the workpiece and the cutter head in the processing process; for the non-generating method, each axis is relatively stationary, and the basic parameters of the machine tool are fixed and do not change with the depth of the cutting teeth.
The position of the cutterhead on the machine plane can be represented by the horizontal distance Hor and the vertical wheel position Em, or by the radial cutter position S and the rolling center q 0 To represent. The position of the workpiece relative to the plane of the nose can be determined by the horizontal wheel position X p Bed X b Wheel base mounting angle gamma m To the representation, as such, the horizontal wheel position can be converted into a combined representation of the horizontal distance and the bed direction; changing wheel base mountingAngle gamma m Corresponding to different cutting-in positions according to the installation angle gamma of the wheel blank m Approximately, the result of the workpiece being stationary, the plunge process tool axis being rotated about the Y-direction in the machine tool plane by an angle delta. The tooth depth of the tooth end is more cut on one side, less cut on the other side, and the same effect can be achieved on the tooth shape. When the wheel blank is installed at an angle gamma m Correspondingly, the tooth surface of the big end is cut off when the installation angle gamma of the wheel blank is increased m The corresponding small end tooth surface is cut off. Correspondingly, the change of the tooth thickness is considered to be synchronously compensated in the tooth depth direction, and the corresponding allowance distribution can be realized by deflecting the corner of the workpiece.
According to the processing precondition, as shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a tooth end shaping method for processing a spiral bevel gear based on a non-generating method, which is mainly used for shaping the tooth end of the processed bevel gear by a shaping method, and particularly comprises drum-shaped correction of the large end or the small end of the spiral bevel gear, and is also suitable for face milling or face hobbing of direct cutting in the non-generating method processing.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: taking the non-generating method parameter as a first manufacturing parameter, and calculating an original non-generating method tooth surface corresponding to the first manufacturing parameter after all tooth surfaces or one tooth slot is machined;
s2: according to actual tooth blank parameters and actual requirements of the gear to be processed, the required modification amount and modification point positions for modification are manually set, and then the modification area of the quadrilateral shape is determined;
s3: determining a workpiece corner corresponding to a cutting-in position and a second manufacturing parameter of machine tool machining according to the modification region, the modification amount and the smooth transition requirement of the original non-generating method tooth surface at the modification point;
s4: processing according to the second manufacturing parameters on the basis of completing all tooth surfaces or single tooth grooves according to the first manufacturing parameters to obtain modified tooth surfaces corresponding to the second manufacturing parameters;
s5: and verifying whether the modification position and the modification amount of the tooth end meet the design requirement through measurement or gear rolling, finishing processing if the modification position and the modification amount meet the design requirement, and reversely adjusting S2 to reset the modification amount and the modification point position for calculation and processing if the modification amount and the modification point position do not meet the design requirement.
In the above steps, it should be noted that the modification amount and the modification point are both indeterminate values, that is, the modification amount refers to the tooth shape correction amount corresponding to the given tooth surface edge along the tooth height or along the tooth length direction, the modification amount of the internal modification area of the rest of the tooth can be calculated according to the corresponding modification manner and edge modification amount, and the modification point refers to the boundary between the modification area and the non-modification area, which is generally parallel to the tooth height or the tooth length direction, and it can be determined by the modification length from the modification edge. And obtaining a group of modification parameters and corresponding workpiece corners according to the modification amount with a fixed value and a modification point position, wherein the modification parameters and the workpiece corners which can be used for actual processing can be determined after the optimal cutting-in position is determined.
The tooth end modification method based on the non-generating method for processing the spiral bevel gear, provided by the utility model, aims to ensure the tooth thickness of the modification point position, avoid tooth end interference in the processing process, finish the drum-shaped modification of the tooth end by using a method for increasing the cutting-in position and rapidly completing related calculation, avoid the subsequent increase and generation movement in the traditional tooth end modification method, take shorter time and ensure smooth transition between the modification area and the original non-generating method tooth surface.
In practical application, the method can avoid edge contact under light load or heavy load in the shaping process, improve the transmission stability, reduce the impact caused by edge contact and improve the service life of the gear to a certain extent.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the modified area is a quadrilateral area determined according to a given modified length and corresponding tooth height, which is more advantageous to avoid edge contact than conventional full tooth surface based modifications.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the modification parameters of the modification of the tooth end are determined by an optimization method, so that the tooth shape error between the modified tooth surface and the original non-generating method tooth surface is ensured to meet the design requirement, the interference of the tooth end is avoided, and the design requirement of the tooth thickness is ensured.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the shaping amount is a tooth shape correction amount of the shaping area along the tooth length or the tooth profile direction of the gear, and the shaping amount can be determined by a parabolic drum mode or a linear tooth shape error mode.
According to some embodiments of the present utility model, the modified tooth surface comprises a convex and/or concave surface, which is more efficient than conventional single convex or concave modification, and the given modification area can be determined by the modification length Δl and the modification amount Δz along the tooth length direction, and the specific modification manner can be either a major modification or a minor modification, and the modified tooth surface can be either a convex or a concave surface, or both a concave and a convex surface can be modified simultaneously.
If only one-sided shaping is carried out, shaping of the shaping surface and the shaping area are needed to be considered simultaneously, the shaping initial position corresponds to the shaping position of the shaping surface, and in the shaping process, no interference of a cutter and the non-shaping area of the shaping surface and no interference of the cutter and the non-shaping area of the shaping surface are needed to be ensured; if the convex surface and the concave surface are simultaneously shaped, the shape-shaping initial position is selected as the position of the surface of the two shaping surfaces which is far away from the edge of the quadrangle, and no interference between the cutter and the non-shaping area is required to be ensured; the concave-convex surface is higher in shape trimming efficiency than the single-sided shape trimming.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, the relevant parameters of the plunge position include radial motion, angular motion, helical motion, and roll ratio motion.
According to some embodiments of the utility model, by adding by increasing a series of rolling center positions q=q 0 And (4) representing radial motion, angular motion, spiral motion and roll ratio motion as functions of delta q, similar to a generating method, establishing the relation between the tooth surface of the initial modification point forming method and the modified tooth surface, and determining an optimal parameter solution of smooth transition by using an optimization method so as to obtain an optimal cutting-in position.
According to some embodiments of the present utility model, determining the workpiece rotation angle and the second manufacturing parameter includes establishing a relationship between the first manufacturing parameter and the second manufacturing parameter such that the actual machining process may be uniformly represented as a set of machining parameters to facilitate machining.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the utility model. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the utility model, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A tooth end shaping method for processing a spiral bevel gear based on a non-generating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: taking the non-generating method parameter as a first manufacturing parameter, and calculating an original non-generating method tooth surface corresponding to the first manufacturing parameter after all tooth surfaces or one tooth slot is machined;
s2: according to actual tooth blank parameters and actual requirements of the gear to be processed, the required modification amount and modification point positions for modification are manually set, and then the modification area of the quadrilateral shape is determined;
s3: determining a workpiece corner corresponding to a cutting-in position and a second manufacturing parameter of machine tool processing according to the modification region, the modification amount and the smooth transition requirement of the original non-generating method tooth surface at the modification point;
s4: on the basis of completing all tooth surfaces or single tooth grooves according to the first manufacturing parameters, processing according to the second manufacturing parameters to obtain modified tooth surfaces corresponding to the second manufacturing parameters;
s5: checking whether the modification position and modification amount of the tooth end meet the design requirement or not through measurement or gear rolling, finishing processing if the modification position and modification amount meet the design requirement, and reversely adjusting S2 to reset the modification amount and modification point positions for calculation and processing if the modification amount and modification point positions do not meet the design requirement;
the modified area is a quadrilateral area determined according to a given modified length and a corresponding tooth height;
determining modification parameters of the modification of the tooth end by an optimization method, and ensuring that the tooth shape error between the modified tooth surface and the original non-generating method tooth surface meets the design requirement;
the modification amount is a tooth shape correction amount of the modification area along the tooth length or the tooth profile direction of the gear, and the modification amount can be determined in a parabolic drum type manner; the process of determining the workpiece rotation angle and the second manufacturing parameter includes establishing a relationship between the first manufacturing parameter and the second manufacturing parameter such that an actual machining process may be uniformly represented as a set of machining parameters.
2. The non-generating method-based tooth end modification method for machining a spiral bevel gear according to claim 1, wherein: the modified tooth surface includes a convex surface and/or a concave surface.
3. The non-generating method-based tooth end modification method for machining a spiral bevel gear according to claim 1, wherein: the relevant parameters of the plunge position include radial movement, angular movement, helical movement, and roll ratio movement.
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| CN100537097C (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2009-09-09 | 南车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司 | Tooth direction shaping gear hobbing processing technique |
| CN101937211B (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-06-27 | 济南大学 | Involute straight tooth cone gear trimming method |
| CN102506148A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-06-20 | 江苏飞船股份有限公司 | Shaping curve for tooth profile of straight-tooth bevel gear |
| CN103821905B (en) * | 2014-03-11 | 2016-05-25 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of involute gear tooth profile correction method, correction of the flank shape flank profil and application thereof |
| CN105156634B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-12-01 | 梅文杰 | The optimization method of Involute Spur Gear correction of the flank shape |
| CN108873809B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-12-04 | 中南大学 | High-order tooth surface error correction method for spiral bevel gear |
| CN108984982B (en) * | 2018-09-04 | 2023-03-24 | 中南大学 | Spiral bevel gear machining parameter reverse adjustment correction calculation method capable of presetting precision |
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