CN111972253A - Porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111972253A CN111972253A CN202010830425.0A CN202010830425A CN111972253A CN 111972253 A CN111972253 A CN 111972253A CN 202010830425 A CN202010830425 A CN 202010830425A CN 111972253 A CN111972253 A CN 111972253A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
- A01G9/025—Containers and elements for greening walls
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological brick preparation, and discloses a porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of constructing porous carbon-based concrete members in various shapes by utilizing a modular mold, preparing a matrix for planting plants and a plant growing bag wrapped by cotton gauze for mixing selected green plant coated seeds with part of the matrix. The method comprises the steps of firstly, reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing square, diamond and circular geometric monomer components to form pattern entities with various landscape effects, filling a plant growth matrix into the bottom of a porous carbon-based concrete brick, and then placing a plant growth bag on the upper part of the concrete brick. The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the invention not only has the performance of a water permeable brick, but also is a building material meeting the standards of the water permeable brick; meanwhile, seeds germinate in the perforated brick under the condition of natural rainfall, and plants continuously grow to form the wall greening effect, so that the method has higher practical value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological brick preparation, and particularly relates to a porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, with the rapid and sustainable development of the urbanization construction in China, the demand for buildings has developed from simply meeting the residential demand to the direction of combining comfort, energy conservation and environmental protection. However, as urbanization progresses, a large amount of land is occupied, and the original functions of water storage, vegetation and the like of the land are lost. The outer wall is an important part of various building structures, establishes a sponge city, recovers the environment of green ecology, greens and beautifies the image of the city, and is important content for urbanization construction. Therefore, in combination with the development demand of the prefabricated building materials, the development of green cities is promoted by changing the structure and the function of the outer wall, which is a problem to be solved. The wall greening means that plants (mainly herbaceous plants and shrub plants) are planted on the wall surface, the wall plants can survive under the necessary maintenance similar to ground plants, and the wall greening is a high and new technology which is brimming in the world with the arrival of the low-carbon era. The biomass charcoal is a highly aromatic and insoluble solid substance produced by thermal cracking and carbonization of biomass under the condition of complete or partial hypoxia, and is often used as a soil conditioner to improve the soil property and promote nutrient absorption, thereby promoting the growth of plants. Phosphogypsum is solid waste residue generated when phosphorite powder is treated by sulfuric acid in the production of phosphoric acid, and the phosphogypsum mainly contains calcium sulfate dihydrate, and also contains phosphate, silicate and other impurities of mineral components Ca and Mg. At present, the phosphogypsum is mainly used for building materials and producing products such as high-strength plates, curbstones, permeable pavements and the like. Compared with the traditional concrete, the ecological concrete has the functions of dedusting, noise reduction, water and air permeability, water purification, heat storage and the like. The ecological concrete is concrete with biocompatibility and ecological effect, and the ecological effect can be expressed by the dependence relationship between organisms growing on the concrete, organisms affecting the organisms and organisms attached to the concrete and the concrete. The phosphogypsum is used as a raw material, the modified phosphogypsum is made into coarse and fine aggregates through hydration granulation, the coarse aggregates are subjected to necessary cladding treatment, and then the coarse aggregates are made into the ecological concrete building blocks of the light aggregates by using a common concrete process. The prepared lightweight aggregate ecological concrete product has high phosphogypsum occupation ratio, has the characteristics of light weight, water retention and fertilizer retention, can not only ensure that the compressive strength reaches the national standard of wall materials, but also ensure that green plants can be circularly grown, completely meets the requirements of ecological concrete, has low energy consumption and simple and easy process, is a novel phosphogypsum utilization technology with great market potential, and can be applied to mine ecological restoration, mountain vegetation restoration, highway side slopes, river channel side slopes, high and steep rock side slopes greening construction, market engineering and the like. In addition, the phosphogypsum is made into the ecological concrete block to replace clay hollow bricks which are used in large quantity at present, so that clay resources can be saved, a large amount of phosphogypsum can be consumed, the problem of environmental pollution caused by the phosphogypsum is solved, and the ecological concrete block has great market potential. But the existing vertical greening is slowly developed due to the limitation of plant materials and structural load bearing; meanwhile, the existing ecological brick has low stability and is not beneficial to the growth of plants.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing vertical greening is limited by the bearing of plant matrix materials and wall structures, so that the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention performance of the plant matrix, short plant growth and survival period and difficult plant variety updating exist. Meanwhile, the load-bearing structural body of the wall body is mostly cement concrete, the structure is compact, the water permeability is poor, and water accumulation is easy to cause, so that the growth of plant roots is not facilitated. Therefore, the vertical greening effect of the wall is poor, and the ecological environment effect is not obvious enough.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: in order to realize good vertical greening effect of the wall and obvious ecological environment effect, the selection of the plant matrix material is an important prerequisite for ensuring the normal growth of plants. At present, soil is mainly used as a plant growing matrix, and due to the fact that different soil types have large property differences, the humus soil with high nutrient content and good water retention is difficult to find. In addition, the construction of concrete materials with water permeability also needs to be optimized to ensure that the concrete has good water permeability, which is beneficial to plant growth.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: wall plants can survive under the condition similar to the necessary maintenance of ground plants, the biomass charcoal is a biomass material with strong porous adsorption performance and can improve the water retention of a plant growth matrix, and the phosphogypsum contains various plant nutrient components such as Ca, Mg, S, P and the like; therefore, the preparation of the wall greening material by using the biomass charcoal and the phosphogypsum is facilitated, and the growth of plants can be promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening is prepared from phosphogypsum, biomass charcoal, a binder and a conditioner, and the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening comprises the following components in proportion: 70% of phosphogypsum powder, 15% of lime powder, 12% of biomass carbon powder, 3% of binder and conditioner. The phosphogypsum is acidic, alkaline lime can play a role in neutralizing acidity and solidifying phosphogypsum, meanwhile, porous biomass carbon is used for increasing the porosity of the material, and a small amount of phenolic resin (binder) and sodium humate (conditioner) are added for mixing, stirring and extrusion forming in combination with the requirement of the pore size of the porous carbon-based ecological brick.
Further, the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening comprises a porous brick capable of being attached to the outer wall of a building, and a plant growth substrate and coating seeds positioned on the inner side of the porous brick, wherein the formed porous carbon-based ecological brick is a hollow brick with an integrated structure of concrete, substrate and plants.
Further, the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening comprises an external porous carbon-based concrete carrier, a cultivation substrate layer paved on the bottom of the carrier and a plant growing bag mixed with surface plant growing substrates and coating seeds.
Further, the porous carbon-based ecological brick is provided with mutually communicated pores and is a light greening block.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, which comprises the steps of firstly using the phosphogypsum as a raw material, preparing modified phosphogypsum into coarse and fine aggregates by hydration and granulation, then preparing the coarse and fine aggregates into ecological concrete building blocks of light aggregates in various shapes by using a common concrete process and a mould to form a porous carbon-based concrete hollow carrier, and finally filling a cultivation substrate and a plant growing bag wrapped by cotton gauze into the hollow part of the carrier. The preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening comprises the following steps:
firstly, mixing 70% of phosphogypsum powder and 15% of lime powder to obtain a primary material, and adding 15% of biomass carbon powder, 1.5% of a binder and 1.5% of a conditioner into the primary material when preparing the coarse aggregate; when preparing fine aggregate, adding 15% of biomass carbon powder, 2.0% of binder and 1.0% of conditioner into the primary material; then carrying out hydration roller granulation to obtain phosphogypsum coarse and fine aggregates with different grain diameters (1-3 cm); and carrying out necessary cladding treatment on the coarse aggregate, and then preparing the coarse aggregate into ecological concrete blocks of light aggregates in various shapes by using a common concrete process and a mould.
And secondly, greening the wall surface where the plants are planted by utilizing the modular components, and reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing the square, diamond and circular geometric monomer components (porous carbon-based concrete hollow carriers) to form various landscape effect patterns.
And step three, filling a culture substrate and a plant growing bag wrapped by cotton gauze into the porous carbon-based concrete hollow carrier, wherein the substrate and plant seeds of the plant growing bag can be adjusted at any time according to the requirements of landscape pattern plant species. Meanwhile, the plant varieties can be changed at any time according to seasonal requirements.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the invention is prepared by mixing phosphogypsum and biomass carbon by utilizing the characteristics of the phosphogypsum and the biomass carbon and adding a binder and a conditioner, and comprises a porous brick capable of being attached to an outer wall of a building, a plant growth matrix and coating seeds positioned on the inner side of the porous brick, wherein the formed porous carbon-based ecological brick is a hollow brick with an integrated structure of concrete, matrix and plants, has the performance of a water permeable brick and is a building material according with the standard of the water permeable brick; meanwhile, seeds germinate in the perforated brick under the condition of natural rainfall, and plants continuously grow to form the wall greening effect. The porous carbon-based ecological brick provided by the invention has mutually communicated pores, is a light greening block, is attractive, convenient to construct, heat-insulating and energy-saving, and has high practical value. According to the physical and chemical properties and mineral composition of the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal, the direct modification of the phosphogypsum is realized by adding corresponding modified materials, and the phosphogypsum porous light aggregate is prepared by adding other materials. By carrying out cladding, water retention agent adding and dry maintenance on the phosphogypsum aggregate, the phosphogypsum aggregate has high porosity, retains water and fertilizer and ensures the normal growth of plants. The prepared lightweight aggregate ecological concrete product has high phosphogypsum occupation ratio, has the characteristics of light weight, water retention and fertilizer retention, not only has compressive strength reaching the national standard of wall materials, but also can circularly grow green plants, completely meets the requirements of ecological concrete, has low energy consumption and simple and easy process, is a novel phosphogypsum utilization technology with great market potential,
the invention also provides a wall greening module and a manufacturing method thereof, the greening module comprises a bottom carrier, a cultivation substrate layer laid on the bottom carrier and a plant growing bag with surface plant growing substrates and coating seeds mixed, the technical problem of slow growth of vertical greening plants is solved, wall greening is realized by planting plants by utilizing modular components, and various landscape effects are formed by reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing geometric monomer components such as square, diamond and round components. The porous carbon-based ecological brick establishes the porous brick and the culture medium as carriers for cultivating plants, reduces the thickness and the weight of the wall greening module, and better solves the problem of falling of the plants in the vertical greening aspect of the wall.
The invention also provides a vertical greening method for the wall, which has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the porous bricks have a plurality of wall body plant-growing pore structures, plants are planted in the plant-growing pores, the structure is reasonable, the maintenance is convenient, the dead weight is light, the installation is flexible, the production and installation difficulty of the whole greening system is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced.
(2) The plant growth bag can be taken out to repair, replace and maintain the plant, and the technical defect that the plant is troublesome to repair, replace and maintain is overcome.
(3) The shape and the size of the plant growth pore structure of the porous carbon-based ecological brick can be adjusted according to actual environment, the installation position of the plant growth pore structure can be changed according to specific installation environment, patterns can be arranged on the wall surface as required, and the vertical greening of the wall surfaces with different sizes is met.
(4) The reasonable matching of the suspended plants and the flowers can form the evergreen all the year round and integral greening of the wall body, and a more beautiful urban environment is created.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an SEM image of phosphogypsum provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic SEM image of the phenolic resin-phosphogypsum composite provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening, a preparation method and application thereof, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the embodiment of the invention is prepared from phosphogypsum, biomass charcoal, lime powder, a binder and a conditioner; the proportion is as follows: 70% of phosphogypsum powder, 15% of biomass carbon powder, 12% of lime powder, 3% of binder and conditioner. The ardealite is solidified by using alkaline lime powder, the porosity of the material is increased by using porous biomass carbon, and then a small amount of phenolic resin (binder) and sodium humate (conditioner) are added to the material according to the requirement of the pore size of the porous carbon-based ecological brick, and the material is mixed, stirred and extruded to form the porous carbon-based concrete hollow carrier; the method comprises the following steps of (1) fixing a square, diamond or round monomer porous carbon-based concrete hollow carrier on a wall body through reasonable overlapping or binding to form various landscape effect patterns; and finally, filling a culture medium and a plant growing bag wrapped by cotton gauze into the hollow part of the carrier, and germinating seeds in the perforated brick under the rainfall condition, wherein plants continuously grow to form the wall greening effect.
The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a porous brick capable of being attached to an outer wall of a building, and a plant growth substrate and coating seeds positioned on the inner side of the porous brick, wherein the formed porous carbon-based ecological brick is a hollow brick with an integrated structure of concrete, substrate and plant.
The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a bottom carrier, a cultivation substrate layer paved on the bottom carrier and a plant growing bag mixed with surface plant growing substrates and coating seeds.
The porous carbon-based ecological brick provided by the embodiment of the invention has mutually communicated pores, and is a light greening block.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, after the phosphogypsum coarse and fine aggregates are prepared, ecological concrete blocks of light aggregates in various shapes are prepared by utilizing a common concrete process and utilizing a mould.
S102, greening the wall surface where the plants are planted by utilizing the modular components, and reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing the square, diamond and circular geometric monomer components to form various landscape effects.
S103, filling a culture medium and a plant growing bag wrapped by cotton gauze into the porous carbon-based concrete hollow carrier, and replacing the plant growing bag at any time according to seasonal requirements.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
1. The invention utilizes the characteristics of the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal, and the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal are mixed to prepare the porous ecological brick by adding the binder and the conditioner, and the porous ecological brick comprises a porous brick which can be attached to the outer wall of a building, and a plant growth matrix and coating seeds which are positioned on the inner side of the porous brick, and the formed porous charcoal-based ecological brick is a hollow brick with an integrated structure of concrete, matrix and plants, has the performance of a water permeable brick and is a building material meeting the standard of the water permeable brick; meanwhile, seeds germinate in the perforated brick under the condition of natural rainfall, and plants continuously grow to form the wall greening effect. The porous carbon-based ecological brick is a light greening block, is attractive, convenient to construct, heat-insulating and energy-saving, and has high practical value. According to the physical and chemical properties and mineral composition of the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal, the direct modification of the phosphogypsum is realized by adding the biomass charcoal, the lime powder, the phenolic resin, the sodium humate and other auxiliary materials, and the porous phosphogypsum light aggregate is prepared; and further, the phosphogypsum aggregate is subjected to cladding, water retention agent adding and dry maintenance, so that the porosity of the phosphogypsum aggregate is high, water and fertilizer are retained, and the normal growth of plants is ensured.
2. Ecological brick design and composition
The invention relates to a wall greening module and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the greening module comprises a bottom carrier, a cultivation substrate layer laid on the bottom carrier and a plant growing bag with surface plant growing substrates and coating seeds mixed, the technical problem of slow growth of vertical greening plants is solved, wall greening is realized by planting plants by utilizing modular components, and various landscape effects are formed by reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing geometric monomer components such as squares, diamonds, circles and the like. The porous carbon-based ecological brick establishes the porous brick and the culture medium as carriers for planting plants, reduces the thickness and the weight of the wall greening module, and better solves the problem of falling of the plants in the vertical greening aspect of the wall. The vertical greening method for the wall provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the porous bricks have a plurality of wall planting pore structures, plants are planted in the planting pores, the structure is reasonable, the maintenance is convenient, the dead weight is light, the installation is flexible, the production and installation difficulty of the whole greening system is greatly reduced, and the cost is reduced. 2. The plant growth bag can be taken out to repair, replace and maintain the plant, and the technical defect that the plant is troublesome to repair, replace and maintain is overcome. 3. The shape and the size of the plant growth pore structure of the porous carbon-based ecological brick can be adjusted according to actual environment, the installation position of the plant growth pore structure can be changed according to specific installation environment, patterns can be arranged on the wall surface as required, and the vertical greening of the wall surfaces with different sizes is met. 4. The reasonable matching of the suspended plants and the flowers can form the evergreen all the year round and integral greening of the wall body, and a more beautiful urban environment is created.
The technical effects of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to simulations.
As can be seen from the SEM images of fig. 2 and 3, the unmodified phosphogypsum has a smooth surface and no void structure, while the surface of the phosphogypsum composite material prepared by adding the phenolic resin becomes rough, increasing a large number of pore structures.
TABLE 1 BET comparison before and after phosphogypsum modification
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening is characterized by consisting of phosphogypsum, biomass charcoal, a binder and a conditioner.
2. The porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening according to claim 1, wherein the porous carbon-based ecological brick has interconnected pores, and the porous carbon-based ecological brick is a lightweight greening block.
3. A wall greening module using the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the wall greening module comprises an external porous carbon-based concrete carrier, a cultivation substrate layer laid on the bottom of the carrier, and a plant growing bag with a surface plant growing substrate mixed with coating seeds.
4. The method for manufacturing the wall greening module as claimed in claim 3, wherein the method for manufacturing the wall greening module comprises the steps of planting plants by using modular members to realize wall greening, and reasonably overlapping or binding and fixing square, diamond and circular geometric monomer members to form various landscape effects; the porous carbon-based ecological brick establishes a carrier which takes the porous brick and a culture medium as the culture.
5. The preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the preparation method of the porous carbon-based ecological brick for wall greening utilizes the characteristics of phosphogypsum and biomass charcoal, and the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal are mixed to prepare the porous ecological brick by adding a binder and a conditioner, wherein the porous ecological brick comprises a porous brick capable of being attached to an outer wall of a building, and a plant growth matrix and coating seeds positioned on the inner side of the porous brick, and the formed porous carbon-based ecological brick is a hollow brick with an integrated structure of concrete, matrix and plants; according to the physical and chemical properties and mineral composition of the phosphogypsum and the biomass charcoal, the direct modification of the phosphogypsum is realized by adding corresponding modified materials, and the phosphogypsum porous light aggregate is prepared by adding other materials; the ardealite aggregate is subjected to cladding, water retention agent adding and dry curing.
6. A vertical greening method for a wall, which is characterized in that the porous carbon-based ecological brick for greening the wall as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2 is used, a plurality of wall vegetation pore structures are formed by the porous brick, and plants are planted in the porous carbon-based ecological brick by utilizing a vegetation matrix and pores.
7. The vertical wall greening method of claim 7, further comprising: and taking out the plant growing bag to repair, replace and maintain the plant.
8. The vertical wall greening method of claim 7, further comprising: the shape and the size of the plant-growing pore structure of the porous carbon-based ecological brick can be adjusted according to the actual environment, the installation position of the plant-growing pore structure can be changed according to the specific installation environment, and the pattern arrangement can be carried out on the wall surface as required.
9. The vertical wall greening method of claim 7, further comprising: the wall body is formed by reasonably matching the suspended plants and the flowers.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112441803A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-05 | 贵州大学 | Non-fired phosphogypsum type clay hollow brick for landscape greening |
| CN115849845A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-28 | 贵州大学 | Bamboo phosphogypsum ecological brick and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101637936A (en) * | 2009-08-18 | 2010-02-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for producing baking-free bricks by using phosphorous gypsum based cementitious material to solidify yellow phosphorous slags |
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| CN115849845A (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-03-28 | 贵州大学 | Bamboo phosphogypsum ecological brick and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201124 |