CN111969704A - Photovoltaic cell control circuit and control method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic cell control circuit and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111969704A CN111969704A CN202010794615.1A CN202010794615A CN111969704A CN 111969704 A CN111969704 A CN 111969704A CN 202010794615 A CN202010794615 A CN 202010794615A CN 111969704 A CN111969704 A CN 111969704A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Abstract
The invention discloses a photovoltaic cell control circuit and a control method, wherein the photovoltaic cell control circuit comprises: a photovoltaic array; the control circuit is connected with the photovoltaic array and used for controlling the electric quantity to be transmitted from the photovoltaic array to the power converter, and the control circuit comprises a first inductor, an energy storage element, a first switch and a second switch; the first end of the photovoltaic array is connected to the first end of the power converter through the first inductor, and the second end of the power converter is connected with the second end of the photovoltaic array; the first switch and the second switch are connected between the first end and the second end of the power converter in series, one end of the energy storage element is connected with the first end of the photovoltaic array, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to the connection point of the first switch and the second switch. The invention adopts the inductor and the auxiliary circuit thereof to replace the diode, and because the power consumption of the inductor is lower than that of the diode, the power consumption of the system is reduced, the efficiency of energy conversion is greatly improved, and the invention can be widely applied to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a photovoltaic cell control circuit and a control method.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is a technology that directly converts light energy into electrical energy using the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor interfaces. As shown in fig. 2, a photovoltaic array of an existing photovoltaic power generation system converts solar energy into direct current and then accesses a power converter, and the power converter inverts the direct current into alternating current to supply to a power grid or an alternating current load. In order to prevent current from flowing from the power converter to the photovoltaic array, a diode needs to be connected in series with the output terminal of the photovoltaic array. However, the series diode has a certain on-state voltage drop, which causes power loss, and is not favorable for improving the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.
Assuming that the output power of the photovoltaic array in a photovoltaic power generation system is 2000W, wherein the output voltage is 20V, the output current is 100A, and the voltage drop of the diode connected in series at the output of the photovoltaic array is 1V, the power consumed on the diode is 100W, that is, the electric quantity of the photovoltaic power generation is reduced by 5% before being transmitted to the power converter, which is not beneficial to the high efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system; meanwhile, since the diode consumes power and generates heat during use, the stability and the service life of the system are not facilitated, and the cost of the whole system is additionally increased while the heat dissipation problem is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic cell control circuit and a control method for reducing power loss.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a photovoltaic cell control circuit comprising:
the photovoltaic array is used for converting light energy into electric energy and outputting electric quantity;
the control circuit is connected with the photovoltaic array and used for controlling the transmission of electric quantity from the photovoltaic array to the power converter, and comprises a first inductor, an energy storage element, a first switch and a second switch;
the first end of the photovoltaic array is connected to the first end of the power converter through a first inductor, and the second end of the power converter is connected with the second end of the photovoltaic array to form a loop;
the first switch and the second switch are connected in series between a first end and a second end of the power converter, one end of the energy storage element is connected with the first end of the photovoltaic array, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to a connection point of the first switch and the second switch.
Further, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further comprises a second inductor, one end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the power converter through the second inductor, and the other end of the first switch is connected with the second switch.
Further, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further comprises a diode, the anode of the diode is connected to the connection point of the second inductor and the first switch, and the cathode of the diode is connected with the first end of the photovoltaic array.
Further, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further comprises a resistor, one end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the power converter through the resistor, and the other end of the first switch is connected with the second switch.
Further, the energy storage element is a capacitor or a storage battery.
Further, the power converter is a DC/DC converter or an inverter.
The other technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a control method applied to a photovoltaic cell control circuit as described above, comprising the steps of:
s1, detecting the current value flowing through the first inductor, and if the current value is larger than the upper limit value of the current, executing the step S2; if the current value is smaller than the continuous lower limit value, executing step S3;
s2, detecting voltage values of the positive end and the negative end of the energy storage element, and if the voltage values are smaller than a first voltage threshold value, closing a second switch to enable the energy storage element to store electric energy; if the voltage value is larger than a second voltage threshold value, the second switch is disconnected;
and S3, closing the first switch to enable the energy storage element to release electric energy, and turning off the first switch when the current value flowing through the first inductor is determined to be larger than the follow current upper limit value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adopts the inductor and the auxiliary circuit (the energy storage element, the first switch and the second switch) thereof to replace the diode, and because the power consumption of the inductor is lower than that of the diode, the power consumption of the system is reduced, and the efficiency of energy conversion is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description is made on the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention or the related technical solutions in the prior art, and it should be understood that the drawings in the following description are only for convenience and clarity of describing some embodiments in the technical solutions of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of a first implementation of a photovoltaic cell control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram of a conventional photovoltaic power generation system;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a second implementation of a photovoltaic cell control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a third implementation manner of a photovoltaic cell control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a fourth implementation manner of a photovoltaic cell control circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating steps of a control method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a photovoltaic cell control circuit, including:
the photovoltaic array is used for converting light energy into electric energy and outputting electric quantity;
the control circuit is connected with the photovoltaic array and used for controlling the transmission of the electric quantity from the photovoltaic array to the power converter, and comprises a first inductor L1, an energy storage element, a first switch S1 and a second switch S2;
the first end of the photovoltaic array is connected to the first end of the power converter through a first inductor L1, and the second end of the power converter is connected with the second end of the photovoltaic array to form a loop;
a first switch S1 and a second switch S2 are connected in series between the first and second terminals of the power converter, one terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the first terminal of the photovoltaic array, and the other terminal of the energy storage element is connected to the connection point of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2.
Referring to fig. 1, the operating principle of the circuit is that when the light intensity is too strong (the sunlight energy is abundant), the forward current (from the left to the right of the first inductor L1) on the first inductor L1 is large, and at this time, the efficiency of the power converter tends to decrease with the increase of power, and the output energy of the photovoltaic cell is not fully utilized, wherein the power converter may be a DC/DC converter or a photovoltaic inverter; at this time, the second switch S2 is closed, and the solar cell (i.e., the photovoltaic array) charges the energy storage element, which may be a capacitor or an element having a function of storing electric energy, such as a storage battery. The second switch S2 is turned off when the energy storage element is charged to a predetermined condition (e.g., the amount of electricity is greater than a predetermined value). When the light is weak, the electric quantity generated by the photovoltaic array is weakened, that is, the current flowing through the first inductor L1 is reduced, when the current flowing through the first inductor L1 is lower than the current threshold value, and the power converter is likely to flow the current to the photovoltaic cell backwards, the first switch S1 is turned off, the energy storage element supplies the electric quantity to the first inductor L1, so that the current flowing through the first inductor L1 is increased, and the current of the first inductor L1 is ensured to flow from the photovoltaic array to the power converter all the time, thereby playing a role of replacing a diode. Because the inductor does not need voltage drop in the working process, the loss of energy is greatly reduced, and the efficiency of energy conversion is improved. Meanwhile, the heating condition of the inductor is weak, so that the stability and the safety of the system are improved, and the cost of a circuit system is reduced.
The first switch S1 and the second switch S2 may be controlled not only by the detected current, but also by a PWM signal. The first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are used for charging and discharging a capacitor, the step of S1 is opened, S2 is closed to store energy for the capacitor, and the step of S2 is opened, S1 is closed to transfer the energy of the capacitor to an inductor, so that the step of S1 closing S2 and S2 opening S1 (namely PWM control) are opened continuously to supplement the energy of the capacitor and then transfer the energy to the inductor L1, and therefore the forward conducting current of the inductor L1 can be enhanced continuously, and the anti-backflow capacity of the inductor L1 is improved.
Referring to fig. 3, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further includes a second inductor L2, one end of the first switch S1 is connected to the first end of the power converter through the second inductor L2, and the other end of the first switch S1 is connected to the second switch S2.
The second inductor L2 is connected to the first switch S1 to delay the discharging process of the energy storage element to the first inductor L1, so as to provide a longer duration for the freewheeling of the first inductor L1.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further includes a diode D1, an anode of the diode D1 is connected to a connection point of the second inductor L2 and the first switch S1, and a cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the first end of the photovoltaic array.
When the first switch S1 is closed, the electric quantity on the energy storage element flows out from the positive electrode, sequentially passes through the first inductor L1, the second inductor L2 and the first switch S1, and flows back to the negative electrode of the energy storage element; when the first switch S1 is turned off, since the current in the second inductor L2 cannot suddenly change, the diode D1 is used as a freewheeling circuit of the second inductor L2, so that the electric quantity in the second inductor L2 flows back to the first inductor L1.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the photovoltaic cell control circuit further includes a resistor R1, one end of the first switch S1 is connected to the first end of the power converter through a resistor R1, and the other end of the first switch S1 is connected to the second switch S2.
The resistor R1 is connected to the first switch S1, which also delays the discharge process of the energy storage element to the first inductor L1, and the resistor R1 has a smaller size and lower cost than the inductor. In addition, when the energy storage element is a capacitor, the resistor R1 can be used to prolong the discharge time of the capacitor C1, and at the same time, the resonance between the first inductor L1 and the capacitor is suppressed.
In summary, the photovoltaic cell control circuit of the present embodiment has the following advantages compared to the conventional circuit system:
(1) the inductor and the auxiliary circuit thereof are adopted to replace the diode, and the power consumption of the inductor is lower than that of the diode, so that the power consumption of the system is reduced, and the efficiency of the system is improved.
(2) The system can also improve the system efficiency to a certain extent by comprehensively utilizing the output energy of the photovoltaic cell when a part of the light intensity is too strong to cause the efficiency reduction of a power converter (DC/DC converter or inverter) or the output energy of the photovoltaic cell is not fully utilized, and finally transferring the energy to the inductor L1 for utilization.
As shown in fig. 6, the present embodiment further provides a control method, including the following steps:
a1, detecting the current value flowing through the first inductor, and if the current value is larger than the upper limit value of the current, executing the step A2; if the current value is less than the continuous lower limit value, executing step A3;
a2, detecting voltage values of the positive end and the negative end of the energy storage element, and if the voltage values are smaller than a first voltage threshold value, closing a second switch to enable the energy storage element to store electric energy; if the voltage value is larger than the second voltage threshold value, the second switch is disconnected;
and A3, closing the first switch to enable the energy storage element to release electric energy, and turning off the first switch when the current value flowing through the first inductor is determined to be larger than the freewheeling upper limit value.
The working principle of the method of the embodiment is as follows: the current IL1 flowing through the first inductor is detected in real time, whether the current on the first inductor is larger than a preset current upper limit value is judged, if yes, the forward current is larger, the power of the power converter is reduced, and at the moment, the energy storage element can be charged. Detecting whether the voltage of the positive end and the negative end of an energy storage element (such as a capacitor UC1) of the power converter is smaller than a charging value, if so, closing a second switch to charge the energy storage element; and conversely, the electric quantity in the energy storage element is sufficient, and charging is not needed. And when the energy storage element is detected to be fully charged (namely the voltages at the positive end and the negative end are greater than a full-charge value), the second switch is turned off, and the energy storage element is disconnected from being charged.
When the current flowing through the first inductor is detected to be smaller than the continuous current lower limit value (the sunlight energy is weaker), the power converter may flow the current to the photovoltaic cell, the first switch is closed, the electric quantity on the energy storage element flows to the first inductor, and the power converter is prevented from flowing the current to the photovoltaic cell. When the current flowing through the first inductor is larger than the follow current upper limit value, the power converter cannot flow the current to the photovoltaic cell in a backward mode, the first switch is turned off, and the power supply of the energy storage element is cut off.
The method replaces a diode of a traditional circuit by the inductor and the closing control of the switch, and reduces the power loss of the system and improves the efficiency of the system because the power consumption of the inductor is lower than that of the diode. In addition, the output energy of the photovoltaic cell when a part of the light intensity is too strong to cause the efficiency reduction of a power converter (DC/DC converter or inverter) or the output energy of the photovoltaic cell is not fully utilized is comprehensively utilized, and the energy is finally utilized after being transferred to the first inductor, so the system efficiency can be improved to a certain extent.
It will be understood that all or some of the steps, systems of methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and suitable combinations thereof. Some or all of the physical components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a central processing unit, digital signal processor, or microprocessor, or as hardware, or as an integrated circuit, such as an application specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on computer readable media, which may include computer storage media (or non-transitory media) and communication media (or transitory media). The term computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by a computer. In addition, communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media as known to those skilled in the art.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A photovoltaic cell control circuit, comprising:
the photovoltaic array is used for converting light energy into electric energy and outputting electric quantity;
the control circuit is connected with the photovoltaic array and used for controlling the transmission of electric quantity from the photovoltaic array to the power converter, and comprises a first inductor, an energy storage element, a first switch and a second switch;
the first end of the photovoltaic array is connected to the first end of the power converter through a first inductor, and the second end of the power converter is connected with the second end of the photovoltaic array to form a loop;
the first switch and the second switch are connected in series between a first end and a second end of the power converter, one end of the energy storage element is connected with the first end of the photovoltaic array, and the other end of the energy storage element is connected to a connection point of the first switch and the second switch.
2. The pv cell control circuit of claim 1, further comprising a second inductor, wherein one end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the power converter through the second inductor, and the other end of the first switch is connected to the second switch.
3. The pv cell control circuit of claim 2, further comprising a diode, wherein an anode of the diode is connected to a connection point of the second inductor and the first switch, and a cathode of the diode is connected to the first end of the pv array.
4. The photovoltaic cell control circuit according to claim 1, further comprising a resistor, wherein one end of the first switch is connected to the first end of the power converter through the resistor, and the other end of the first switch is connected to the second switch.
5. A photovoltaic cell control circuit according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the energy storage element is a capacitor or a battery.
6. A photovoltaic cell control circuit according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power converter is a DC/DC converter or inverter.
7. A control method applied to a photovoltaic cell control circuit as claimed in claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
s1, detecting the current value flowing through the first inductor, and if the current value is larger than the upper limit value of the current, executing the step S2; if the current value is smaller than the continuous lower limit value, executing step S3;
s2, detecting voltage values of the positive end and the negative end of the energy storage element, and if the voltage values are smaller than a first voltage threshold value, closing a second switch to enable the energy storage element to store electric energy; if the voltage value is larger than a second voltage threshold value, the second switch is disconnected;
and S3, closing the first switch to enable the energy storage element to release electric energy, and turning off the first switch when the current value flowing through the first inductor is determined to be larger than the follow current upper limit value.
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