CN111963602B - Bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness - Google Patents
Bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness Download PDFInfo
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- CN111963602B CN111963602B CN202010897879.XA CN202010897879A CN111963602B CN 111963602 B CN111963602 B CN 111963602B CN 202010897879 A CN202010897879 A CN 202010897879A CN 111963602 B CN111963602 B CN 111963602B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F3/00—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic
- F16F3/02—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction
- F16F3/04—Spring units consisting of several springs, e.g. for obtaining a desired spring characteristic with springs made of steel or of other material having low internal friction composed only of wound springs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/041—Wound springs with means for modifying the spring characteristics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/02—Springs made of steel or other material having low internal friction; Wound, torsion, leaf, cup, ring or the like springs, the material of the spring not being relevant
- F16F1/04—Wound springs
- F16F1/06—Wound springs with turns lying in cylindrical surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
- F16F2228/06—Stiffness
- F16F2228/066—Variable stiffness
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness, wherein a magnetic ring, a central rod and an upper and lower counter-pressure spring can move relative to a first sleeve and a second sleeve along the axial direction, and the upper and lower counter-pressure spring provides support for a system; the upper magnetic ring, the lower magnetic ring, the upper coil and the lower coil respectively apply attraction force to the centering magnetic ring to form an online adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness spring, and the bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine is formed by connecting the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring in parallel with the upper counter pressure spring and the lower counter pressure spring; when the upper and lower coils are not electrified, the distance between the upper and lower magnetic rings and the middle magnetic ring is adjusted, so that the negative stiffness performance of the permanent magnet can be adjusted; when the upper coil and the lower coil are electrified, the current in the upper coil and the lower coil and the distance between the upper coil and the lower coil and the middle magnetic ring are adjusted, so that the electromagnetic negative rigidity performance can be adjusted in real time; the invention uses the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring to realize the nonlinear energy hydrazine with two balance points, widens the vibration absorption frequency band, reduces the energy input threshold value and can realize the unidirectional transmission of the energy of the multi-mode vibration target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vibration absorption, in particular to a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine realized based on real-time adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy and national defense industry, the demand of the fields of aerospace, navigation and the like on high and new technologies is increasing day by day, and the high-precision active loads and the various high-precision active loads carried by the high-precision active loads put forward higher and higher requirements on the vibration environment. On one hand, the components such as the antenna and the solar panel on the spacecraft are developed towards the direction of flexibility and large-scale, so that the structure flexibility is increased, the low-frequency mode is dense, and the vibration is easily generated by external interference, thereby influencing the normal work of the effective load; on the other hand, with the increasing size and weight reduction of the machinery and hull structure which operate at high speed, it is often difficult to meet the vibration suppression requirement of the system by adopting the conventional vibration suppression measures, and the application and development of the machinery and hull which operate at high speed are limited by the factors. The effective load in the severe vibration environment for a long time has the problems of shortened service life, lowered measurement precision, structural damage and failure and the like.
The common vibration control is mainly a vibration isolation method and a vibration absorption method. The vibration isolation mode is that a vibration isolation device is embedded in a vibration transmission path to reduce the dynamic coupling between a vibration source and a structure, so as to achieve the aim of vibration reduction; the vibration absorption mode is that an additional substructure containing specific mass, rigidity and damping is arranged, and the vibration energy of a main system is transferred and consumed by the additional substructure, so that the aim of inhibiting the structural vibration is fulfilled. The vibration isolator often needs a specific structure and occupies a larger space range in practical application, and the vibration isolator has more advantages than the vibration isolator in application due to the characteristics of stable performance, convenience in installation and the like. However, the conventional linear vibration absorber has a narrow vibration absorption band and only realizes single-frequency vibration control; when the linear vibration absorber is excited by wide-frequency vibration such as impact load, random vibration and the like, the linear vibration absorber is difficult to realize high-efficiency wide-frequency-band vibration absorption; the linear vibration absorber is sensitive to external excitation frequency, and when the excitation frequency deviates from the resonance frequency of the vibration absorber, the vibration response of the structure can be amplified; in addition, for the multi-modal vibration of the structure, the multi-modal vibration control can be realized only by the combined action of the additional linear vibration absorbers, and the additional linear vibration absorbers can complicate the system and cause excessive additional mass.
In order to solve the above problems, researchers have recently applied Nonlinear energy hydrazine (NES) having a small added mass, a wide suppression band, and a directional transfer of target energy to vibration damping and noise reduction of structures. Compared with the traditional linear vibration absorber, the NES has no natural frequency, has considerable vibration absorption bandwidth, and greatly improves the vibration absorption efficiency; meanwhile, the NES can realize unidirectional target energy transfer of vibration energy of the main system to the additional NES, and the single NES can realize multi-modal target energy transfer of the vibration structure, so that the vibration energy of the main structure is finally absorbed and dissipated by the NES. However, studies have been made on NES to show that: the NES can realize high-efficiency vibration absorption on the premise that a main system needs to have certain energy input, namely an energy input threshold value exists; meanwhile, the structural design process of NES faces the dilemma that NES pure cubic stiffness is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness, wherein an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring consisting of an upper magnetic ring, a middle magnetic ring, a lower magnetic ring, an upper coil and a lower coil is connected in parallel with an upper counter-pressure spring and a lower counter-pressure spring to form the bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine with two stable balance points, the on-line real-time regulation and control of the bistable characteristic are realized by regulating and controlling the direct current in the upper coil and the lower coil, the broadband vibration absorption of a vibration structure and the one-way transmission of multi-mode target energy can be realized, and the input energy threshold value of a main system is reduced.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the invention relates to a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness, which has the characteristics that:
form the barrel by first sleeve and second sleeve butt joint, use the barrel to set up each component for supporting, include:
the central rod is positioned on the central shaft of the cylinder body, the upper end of the central rod protrudes out of the top end of the first sleeve, and the lower end of the central rod is fixedly connected with the magnetic ring clamp, so that the central rod and the magnetic ring clamp can axially move in the cylinder body together, and the middle magnetic ring is arranged in the magnetic ring clamp to form an integral structure; the magnetic ring clamp is axially pressed and fixed by an upper pressing spring and a lower pressing spring, and the upper pressing spring and the lower pressing spring which are both in a compressed state provide positive rigidity support for the central rod;
the first sleeve is provided with a boss type upper pipe section at the top, the upper pipe section is a threaded pipe section and is provided with a first internal thread on the inner wall of the upper pipe section and a first external thread on the outer wall of the upper pipe section, an upper coil sleeve sleeved on the periphery of the upper pipe section is matched with the first external thread, and an upper coil is wound on the upper coil sleeve; the upper flange bearing positioned in the pipe orifice of the upper pipe section is matched with the first internal thread, the bottom of the upper flange bearing is connected with a first external thread section, the upper magnetic ring is sleeved on the first external thread section in a thread matching way, the middle polished rod section of the central rod penetrates through the upper flange bearing to protrude at the top of the cylinder body, and the upper flange bearing provides axial guidance for the central rod by using an axial through hole of the upper flange bearing;
the bottom of the second sleeve is provided with a boss type lower pipe section which is a threaded pipe section and is provided with a second internal thread on the inner wall of the lower pipe section and a second external thread on the outer wall of the lower pipe section, a lower coil sleeve sleeved on the periphery of the lower pipe section is matched with the second external thread, and a lower coil is wound on the lower coil sleeve; the lower flange bearing positioned in the pipe orifice of the lower pipe section is matched with the second internal thread, the top surface of the lower flange bearing is connected with a second external thread section, and the lower magnetic ring is sleeved on the second external thread section in a thread matching way;
the upper pipe section in the first sleeve and the lower pipe section in the second sleeve are in a coaxial position; an upper magnetic ring, a lower magnetic ring, an upper coil and a lower coil respectively exert attractive force on the middle magnetic ring to form an online adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness spring, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring is connected with an upper counter pressure spring and a lower counter pressure spring in parallel to form a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine;
the upper magnetic ring, the middle magnetic ring and the lower magnetic ring are made of neodymium iron boron materials magnetized along the axial direction, and other components are made of non-magnetic conductive metal materials or weak magnetic conductive metal materials.
The bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness has the structural characteristics that: the magnetic ring clamp is composed of a cavity and an end cover which is arranged on an inner ring withdrawing table in the upper end face of the cavity in an erected mode, and the lower thread section of the central rod sequentially penetrates through the upper end cover and the middle magnetic ring and is tightly matched with the central thread of the lower end face of the cavity.
The bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness has the structural characteristics that: a first ring groove is formed in an inner ring of a bottom opening of an upper pipe section in the first sleeve, a second ring groove is formed in an inner ring of an upper opening of a lower pipe section in the second sleeve, a third ring groove is formed in an outer ring of the upper end surface of a cavity in the magnetic ring clamp, and a fourth ring groove is formed in an outer ring of the lower end surface of the cavity in the magnetic ring clamp; the upper end and the lower end of the upper counter-pressure spring are sleeved in the first annular groove and the third annular groove in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the upper end and the lower end of the lower opposite-pressing spring are sleeved in the fourth ring groove and the second ring groove in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
The bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness has the structural characteristics that: the upper flange bearing and the lower flange bearing are rotated by utilizing the threads, so that the axial distance between the upper magnetic ring and the middle magnetic ring and the axial distance between the lower magnetic ring and the middle magnetic ring are adjusted, and the regulation and control of the permanent magnet negative stiffness performance are realized.
The bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness has the structural characteristics that: the axial distances between the upper coils and the middle magnetic rings are adjusted by utilizing the upper coil sleeve and the lower coil sleeve to correspond to each other one by one, so that the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance is adjusted and controlled.
The bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness has the structural characteristics that: the upper magnetic ring, the middle magnetic ring, the lower magnetic ring, the upper coil and the lower coil form an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring which can be regulated and controlled on line in real time; the real-time regulation and control of the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance are realized by adjusting the current in the upper coil and the lower coil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention connects the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring and the upper and lower counter pressure springs in parallel to form the bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine with two stable balance points, has wider vibration absorption frequency band and lower energy input threshold compared with the existing linear vibration absorber and pure cubic stiffness NES, and can realize the unidirectional energy transfer of the multi-mode vibration target; the invention can generate larger vibration displacement along the axial direction and is sensitive to the micro-displacement vibration reaction;
2. when the upper coil and the lower coil are not electrified, the upper magnetic ring, the middle magnetic ring and the lower magnetic ring provide permanent magnetic negative stiffness along the axial direction; when the upper coil and the lower coil are electrified, the real-time regulation and control of the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance can be realized by regulating the magnitude of the input current, so that the vibration absorption bandwidth and the energy input threshold value can be regulated and controlled on line according to the actual working condition; the electromagnetic negative stiffness is used for offsetting the parallel positive stiffness of the upper counter-pressure spring and the lower counter-pressure spring, so that the overall stiffness is reduced, and the high-efficiency vibration absorption of low-frequency vibration is facilitated;
3. the electromagnetic mechanism has the advantages of quick response, non-contact and small occupied space; the axial relative positions of the upper magnetic ring, the lower magnetic ring, the upper coil sleeve, the lower coil sleeve and the middle magnetic ring can be correspondingly adjusted by rotating the upper flange bearing, the lower flange bearing, the upper coil sleeve and the lower coil sleeve, so that an ideal electromagnetic negative stiffness characteristic is obtained;
4. when the damping magnetic field is applied to a main system and is subjected to external excitation, the eddy current is generated in the non-magnetic conductive or weak magnetic conductive metal component due to the axial movement of the middle magnetic ring and the change of the magnetic field when the upper coil and the lower coil are introduced, so that the damping characteristic is further improved; the upper coil and the lower coil are connected in series in reverse and are charged with currents with the same magnitude, so that the use of an external current source is reduced; the broadband vibration absorber is simple in structure, convenient to install, low in cost, insensitive to external excitation frequency of a main system and good in broadband vibration absorption performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a center rod configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a magnetic ring fixture according to the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of a top flange bearing configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of the lower flange bearing configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic view of a first sleeve structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a schematic structural view of a second sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 6a is a schematic view of an upper thread snare configuration of the present invention;
figure 6b is a schematic view of the structure of the lower coil snare according to the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures: 1 center rod, 1.1 upper thread section, 1.2 lower thread section, 2 upper flange bearing, 2.1 first outer thread section, 2.2 upper flange outer thread, 3 first sleeve, 3.1 first inner thread, 3.2 first outer thread, 3.3 first ring groove, 3.4 first through hole, 5 upper magnetic ring, 6 first nut, 7 upper coil sleeve, 7.1 first inner thread section, 7.2 first lateral boss, 7.3 second lateral boss, 8 upper compression spring, 9 end cap, 10 middle magnetic ring, 11 magnetic ring clamp, 11.1 center thread, 11.2 inner ring retreat, 11.3 third ring groove, 11.4 fourth ring groove, 12 bolt, 13 second nut, 14 second sleeve, 14.1 second inner thread, 14.2 second outer thread, 14.3 second ring groove, 14.4 second through hole, 15 lower compression spring, 16 third nut, 17 lower coil sleeve, 19 lower coil sleeve, 1.2 third inner thread section, 19.19.19 third side inner thread section, 3 flange boss, 20 flange boss, 20.1 second external thread section and 20.2 external flange thread.
Detailed Description
The structural form of the bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on the electromagnetic negative stiffness in the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the first sleeve 3 and the second sleeve 14 are butted to form a cylinder, and the cylinder is used as a support for arranging various components, including: the central rod 1 is positioned on the central shaft of the cylinder body, the upper end of the central rod protrudes out of the top end of the first sleeve 3, the lower end of the central rod is fixedly connected with the magnetic ring clamp 11, so that the central rod 1 and the magnetic ring clamp 11 can move axially in the cylinder body together, and the middle magnetic ring 10 is arranged in the magnetic ring clamp 11 to form an integral structure; the magnetic ring clamp 11 is axially fixed by the upper pressing spring 8 and the lower pressing spring 15, and the upper pressing spring and the lower pressing spring which are both in a compressed state and are formed by the upper pressing spring 8 and the lower pressing spring 15 provide positive rigidity support for the central rod 1.
As shown in fig. 1, 4a, 5a and 6a, the first sleeve 3 has a boss type upper pipe section at the top, the upper pipe section is a threaded pipe section, and has a first internal thread 3.1 on the inner wall of the upper pipe section and a first external thread 3.2 on the outer wall of the upper pipe section, the upper coil sleeve 7 sleeved on the periphery of the upper pipe section has a first internal thread section 7.1, and is in threaded fit with the first external thread 3.2 by the first internal thread section 7.1, the upper coil 4 is wound on the upper coil sleeve 7, and the first lateral boss 7.2 and the second lateral boss 7.3 in the upper coil sleeve 7 form an upper coil skeleton together; an upper flange bearing 2 positioned in the pipe orifice of the upper pipe section is matched with a first internal thread 3.1 by utilizing an upper flange external thread 2.2, the bottom of the upper flange bearing 2 is connected with a first external thread section 2.1, an upper magnetic ring 5 is sleeved on the first external thread section 2.1 in a thread matching way and is fastened on the first external thread section 2.1 by a first nut 6, and the thickness of the installed upper magnetic ring 5 can be regulated and controlled by regulating the screwing depth of the first nut 6 on the first external thread section 2.1; the middle polished rod section of the central rod 1 penetrates through the upper flange bearing 2 to protrude at the top of the cylinder body, and the upper flange bearing 2 provides axial guidance for the central rod 1 by using an axial through hole of the upper flange bearing.
As shown in fig. 1, 4b, 5b and 6b, the bottom of the second sleeve 14 has a boss type lower tube section, the lower tube section is a threaded tube section, and has a second internal thread 14.1 on the inner wall of the lower tube section and a second external thread 14.2 on the outer wall of the lower tube section, the lower coil snare tube 19 sleeved on the periphery of the lower tube section has a second internal thread section 19.1, and the second internal thread section 19.1 is in threaded fit with the second external thread 14.2, the lower coil 18 is wound on the lower coil snare tube 19, and the third lateral boss 19.2 and the fourth lateral boss 19.3 in the lower coil snare tube 19 together form a lower coil skeleton; the lower flange bearing 20 positioned in the pipe orifice of the lower pipe section is matched with the second internal thread 14.1 by utilizing the lower flange external thread 20.2, the top surface of the lower flange bearing 20 is connected with the second external thread section 20.1, the lower magnetic ring 17 is sleeved on the second external thread section 20.1 in a thread matching way and is fastened on the second external thread section 20.1 by a third nut 16, and the thickness of the installed lower magnetic ring 17 can be regulated and controlled by regulating the screwing depth of the third nut 16 on the second external thread section 20.1.
The upper tube section in the first sleeve 3, the lower tube section in the second sleeve 14 are in a coaxial position; an upper magnetic ring 5, a lower magnetic ring 17, an upper coil 4 and a lower coil 18 respectively exert attraction force on the centering magnetic ring 10 to form an online adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness spring, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring is connected with an upper counter pressure spring and a lower counter pressure spring in parallel to form a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine.
The first sleeve 3 and the second sleeve 14 are connected to each other as flanges, and are fastened and connected by bolts 12 and second nuts 13, and first through holes 3.4 respectively provided in the flange of the first sleeve 3 and second through holes 14.4 respectively provided in the flange of the second sleeve 14.
The upper magnetic ring 5, the middle magnetic ring 10 and the lower magnetic ring 17 are made of neodymium iron boron materials magnetized along the axial direction, and other components are made of non-magnetic conductive metal materials or weak magnetic conductive metal materials.
In specific implementation, the corresponding technical measures also include:
as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the magnetic ring clamp 11 is composed of a cavity and an end cover 9 arranged on an inner ring withdrawing platform 11.2 in the upper end surface of the cavity, and a lower thread section 1.2 of a central rod 1 sequentially penetrates through the upper end cover 9 and a central magnetic ring 10 and is tightly matched with a central thread 11.1 in the lower end surface of the cavity.
As shown in fig. 3, 5a and 5b, a first annular groove 3.3 is formed in an inner ring of a bottom opening of an upper pipe section in the first sleeve 3, a second annular groove 14.3 is formed in an inner ring of an upper opening of a lower pipe section in the second sleeve 14, a third annular groove 11.3 is formed outside an upper end surface of a cavity in the magnetic ring clamp 11, and a fourth annular groove 11.4 is formed outside a lower end surface of the cavity in the magnetic ring clamp 11; the upper end and the lower end of the upper counter-pressure spring 8 are sleeved in the first ring groove 3.3 and the third ring groove 11.3 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the upper end and the lower end of the lower opposite-pressing spring 15 are sleeved in the fourth ring groove 11.4 and the second ring groove 14.3 in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
In specific implementation, the upper flange bearing 2 and the lower flange bearing 20 are rotated by utilizing threads, so that the axial distance between the upper magnetic ring 5 and the middle magnetic ring 10 and the axial distance between the lower magnetic ring 17 and the middle magnetic ring 10 are adjusted, and the regulation and control of the permanent magnet negative stiffness performance can be realized; the axial distances between the upper coil 4 and the lower coil 18 and the middle magnetic ring 10 are adjusted in a one-to-one correspondence mode by rotating the upper coil sleeve 7 and the lower coil sleeve 19 through threads, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance can be adjusted and controlled; the upper magnetic ring 5, the middle magnetic ring 10, the lower magnetic ring 17, the upper coil 4 and the lower coil 18 form an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring which can be regulated and controlled on line in real time; by adjusting the current in the upper coil 4 and the lower coil 18, real-time regulation of the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance can be achieved.
The invention utilizes the upper thread section 1.1 of the central rod 1 to connect an external main vibration system, and the bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine which can be regulated and controlled on line is formed by connecting the upper counter-pressure spring 8, the lower counter-pressure spring 15 and an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring consisting of the upper magnetic ring 5, the middle magnetic ring 10, the lower magnetic ring 17, the upper coil 4 and the lower coil 18 in parallel, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness counteracts the parallel positive stiffness of the upper counter-pressure spring 8 and the lower counter-pressure spring 15, so that the overall stiffness is reduced, and the vibration absorption performance of low-frequency vibration is improved.
In the implementation, an upper thread section 1.1 in a central rod 1 is in threaded connection with a controlled structure, when the controlled structure vibrates under the action of external excitation, the central rod 1 drives a middle magnetic ring 10 to move relative to a first sleeve 3 and a second sleeve 14 along the axial direction, and a magnetic ring clamp 11 vibrating in the axial direction repeatedly compresses or stretches an upper counter pressure spring 8 and a lower counter pressure spring 15; meanwhile, the upper magnetic ring 5, the lower magnetic ring 17, the upper coil 4 and the lower coil 18 which are introduced with direct current respectively exert attractive force on the middle magnetic ring 10 to form an online adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness spring, the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring and a positive stiffness support spring formed by connecting the upper counter-pressure spring 8 and the lower counter-pressure spring 15 in parallel are connected in parallel to form a bistable structure, the central rod 1 vibrating along the axial direction and the middle magnetic ring 10 jump in a reciprocating manner between two balance points of the bistable structure, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness characteristic can be adjusted and controlled in real time by twisting the upper flange bearing 2, the lower flange bearing 20, the upper coil sleeving pipe 7 and the lower coil sleeving pipe 19 and adjusting the magnitude of the introduced current, so that active and passive integrated control of the invention is realized; meanwhile, the time-varying magnetic field forms an eddy current in the non-magnetic conductive or weak magnetic conductive metal part, and generates an electromagnetic damping force with opposite movement direction, so that the damping characteristic of the device is improved.
Claims (6)
1. A bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness is characterized in that:
form the barrel by first sleeve (3) and second sleeve (14) butt joint, use the barrel to set up each component as supporting, include:
the central rod (1) is positioned on the central shaft of the cylinder body, the upper end of the central rod protrudes out of the top end of the first sleeve (3), the lower end of the central rod is fixedly connected with the magnetic ring clamp (11), so that the central rod (1) and the magnetic ring clamp (11) can axially move in the cylinder body together, and the middle magnetic ring (10) is arranged in the magnetic ring clamp (11) to form an integral structure; the magnetic ring clamp (11) is axially fixed in a pressing mode through an upper pressing spring (8) and a lower pressing spring (15), and the upper pressing spring and the lower pressing spring which are both in a compressed state and formed by the upper pressing spring (8) and the lower pressing spring (15) provide positive stiffness support for the central rod (1);
the first sleeve (3) is provided with a boss type upper pipe section at the top, the upper pipe section is a threaded pipe section and is provided with a first internal thread (3.1) on the inner wall of the upper pipe section and a first external thread (3.2) on the outer wall of the upper pipe section, an upper coil sleeve (7) sleeved on the periphery of the upper pipe section is matched with the first external thread (3.2), and an upper coil (4) is wound on the upper coil sleeve (7); an upper flange bearing (2) positioned in the pipe orifice of an upper pipe section is matched with a first internal thread (3.1), the bottom of the upper flange bearing (2) is connected with a first external thread section (2.1), an upper magnetic ring (5) is sleeved on the first external thread section (2.1) in a threaded matching way, a middle polished rod section of the central rod (1) penetrates through the upper flange bearing (2) to protrude at the top of the cylinder body, and the upper flange bearing (2) provides axial guidance for the central rod (1) by using an axial through hole of the upper flange bearing;
the bottom of the second sleeve (14) is provided with a boss type lower pipe section which is a threaded pipe section and is provided with a second internal thread (14.1) on the inner wall of the lower pipe section and a second external thread (14.2) on the outer wall of the lower pipe section, a lower coil sleeve (19) sleeved on the periphery of the lower pipe section is matched with the second external thread (14.2), and a lower coil (18) is wound on the lower coil sleeve (19); a lower flange bearing (20) positioned in the pipe orifice of the lower pipe section is matched with a second internal thread (14.1), the top surface of the lower flange bearing (20) is connected with a second external thread section (20.1), and a lower magnetic ring (17) is sleeved on the second external thread section (20.1) in a thread matching way;
the upper pipe section in the first sleeve (3) and the lower pipe section in the second sleeve (14) are in a coaxial position; an upper magnetic ring (5), a lower magnetic ring (17), an upper coil (4) and a lower coil (18) respectively exert attractive force on a centering magnetic ring (10) to form an online adjustable electromagnetic negative stiffness spring, and the electromagnetic negative stiffness spring is connected with an upper counter pressure spring and a lower counter pressure spring in parallel to form a bistable nonlinear energy hydrazine;
the upper magnetic ring (5), the middle magnetic ring (10) and the lower magnetic ring (17) are made of neodymium iron boron materials magnetized along the axial direction, and other components are made of non-magnetic conductive metal materials or weak magnetic conductive metal materials.
2. The bistable non-linear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness according to claim 1, wherein: the magnetic ring clamp (11) is composed of a cavity and an end cover (9) arranged on an inner ring retreating platform (11.2) arranged in the upper end face of the cavity, and a lower thread section (1.2) of the central rod (1) sequentially penetrates through the end cover (9) and the central magnetic ring (10) and is tightly matched with a central thread (11.1) in the lower end face of the cavity.
3. The bistable non-linear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness according to claim 2, wherein: a first ring groove (3.3) is formed in an inner ring of a bottom opening of an upper pipe section in the first sleeve (3), a second ring groove (14.3) is formed in an inner ring of an upper opening of a lower pipe section in the second sleeve (14), a third ring groove (11.3) is formed outside an upper end surface of a cavity in the magnetic ring clamp (11), and a fourth ring groove (11.4) is formed outside a lower end surface of the cavity in the magnetic ring clamp (11); the upper end and the lower end of the upper counter-pressure spring (8) are sleeved in the first annular groove (3.3) and the third annular groove (11.3) in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the upper end and the lower end of the lower pressing spring (15) are sleeved in the fourth ring groove (11.4) and the second ring groove (14.3) in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
4. The bistable non-linear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness according to claim 1, wherein: the upper flange bearing (2) and the lower flange bearing (20) are rotated by utilizing threads, so that the axial distance between the upper magnetic ring (5), the lower magnetic ring (17) and the middle magnetic ring (10) is adjusted, and the regulation and control of the permanent magnet negative stiffness performance are realized.
5. The bistable non-linear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness according to claim 1, wherein: the axial distances between the upper coils (4) and the middle magnetic rings (10) are adjusted by utilizing the upper coil sleeves (7) and the lower coil sleeves (19) in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so that the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance is adjusted and controlled.
6. The bistable non-linear energy hydrazine based on electromagnetic negative stiffness according to claim 1, wherein: the upper magnetic ring (5), the middle magnetic ring (10), the lower magnetic ring (17), the upper coil (4) and the lower coil (18) form an electromagnetic negative stiffness spring which can be regulated and controlled on line in real time; the real-time regulation and control of the electromagnetic negative stiffness performance are realized by adjusting the current magnitude in the upper coil (4) and the lower coil (18).
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