CN111963269A - 耦合铝储能和超临界co2循环发电的多联产系统及方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统及方法,该系统包括金属燃料铝储能子系统和超临界CO2循环发电子系统;本发明通过将基于金属燃料铝储能、超临界CO2循环发电、制氢、制碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠进行有效地耦合,具有储能密度高、储能周期长可实现永久储存、燃料循环再生无消耗、可实现电力、氢气、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠多联产和便于开展全球能源贸易等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高效发电和先进储能技术领域,具体涉及一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统及方法。
背景技术
随着全球大气污染和气候变暖形势的日趋严峻,传统的以化石能源为主的发电系统将面临前所未有的压力和挑战。从世界范围来看,各国都在努力提高自身电力结构中可再生能源发电的比例。未来,世界能源领域的发展趋势必然是可再生能源逐步替代化石能源。然而,可再生能源由于自身的间歇性、不稳定性和不确定性等特点,严重阻碍了可再生能源发电的发展。未来要实现可再生能源替代化石能源,必须依赖大规模和长周期储能技术的发展和支撑。
目前,储能技术领域的研究十分活跃,各种储能技术迅猛发展,如抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、锂电池储能、超级电容器储能、飞轮储能、储氢等。然而,现有的储能技术难以同时满足储能密度大、可移动性、自耗损失小和全球能源贸易的要求。因此,需要开发一种新的储能技术,从而使可再生能源发电在全世界范围内向更深、更广方向发展。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点,提供了一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统及方法,该系统将基于金属燃料铝储能、超临界CO2循环发电、制氢、制碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠进行有效地耦合,具有储能密度高、储能周期长可实现永久储存、燃料循环再生无消耗、可实现电力、氢气、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠多联产和便于开展全球能源贸易等优点。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,包括金属燃料铝储能子系统和超临界CO2循环发电子系统;
所述金属燃料铝储能子系统包括氧化铝电解装置1、碱液反应器2、NaAlO2反应器3、Al(OH)3反应器4和储氢罐5;氧化铝电解装置1的电源由可再生能源提供,氧化铝电解装置1的阴极连通碱液反应器2的燃料进口,将电化学反应产生的金属燃料铝送入碱液反应器2,金属燃料铝在碱液反应器2中与水发生放热反应并产生氢气;碱液反应器2的氢气出口与储氢罐5的进口相连通,碱液反应器2的溶液出口与NaAlO2反应器3的溶液进口相连通;NaAlO2反应器3的溶液出口与Al(OH)3反应器4的溶液进口相连通,Al(OH)3反应器4反应所需的热源来自于可再生能源;Al(OH)3反应器4的出口通过循环管路与氧化铝电解装置1的熔融电解液进口相连通;在Al(OH)3反应器4中发生热分解反应2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O;NaAlO2反应器3的气体进口与来自燃煤电站烟气CO2捕集装置的CO2出口相连通,在NaAlO2反应器3中,NaAlO2溶液与CO2发生反应生成Al(OH)3,同时可生成重要的化工原料Na2CO3和NaHCO3;
所述的超临界CO2循环发电子系统包括碱液反应器2、透平6、高温回热器7、低温回热器8、再压缩机9、预冷器10和主压缩机11;低温回热器8的热侧出口分为两路,其中一路经预冷器10与主压缩机11的入口相连通,主压缩机11的出口与低温回热器8的冷侧入口相连通,另一路与再压缩机9的入口相连通,再压缩机9的出口与低温回热器8的冷侧出口通过管道并管后与高温回热器7的冷侧入口相连通,高温回热器7的冷侧出口与碱液反应器2的工质入口相连通,碱液反应器2的工质出口与透平6的进口相连通,透平6的工质出口与高温回热器7的热侧入口相连通,高温回热器7的热侧出口与低温回热器8的热侧入口相连通;
所述多联产系统以氧化铝为原料,当可再生能源发电过剩或富余时,通过氧化铝电解装置1对熔融的氧化铝溶液进行电解,将可再生能源电力通过电化学反应转化成铝燃料的化学能进行储存;当电网中可再生能源发电不足时,通过碱液反应器2和超临界CO2循环发电子系统将铝燃料的化学能转化成电能,用以补充可再生能源发电的不足;具体过程为:在碱液反应器2中,金属燃料铝与水发生放热反应并产生氢气,化学反应方程式依次为2Al+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2和Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O,所产生的热被超临界CO2循环发电子系统中高温回热器7冷侧出口的超临界CO2吸收,吸热升温后的超临界CO2进入透平6膨胀做功,带动发电机对外输出电力,完成做功后的超临界CO2依次进入高温回热器7和低温回热器8中分别加热来自再压缩机9和主压缩机11升压后的低温冷侧超临界CO2。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明所述的一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,具有如下优点:(1)金属燃料铝的能量密度高;(2)铝燃料中不含碳,且系统整个工作过程不产生污染物,并能够降低温室气体CO2的排放,是一种绿色低碳的发电技术;(3)通过电化学反应将可再生能源发电转化为金属燃料铝的化学能进行储存,具有储能周期长,可实现永久储存的优点;(4)整个过程中铝燃料反应后,其反应产物通过电解再生可重新得到金属燃料铝,整个过程燃料铝循环再生、无消耗;(5)采用超临界CO2布雷顿循环发电系统,系统发电效率高;(6)在发电的同时还可实现氢气、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠多联产;(7)通过金属燃料铝进行储能,便于开展全球范围内的能源贸易。
附图说明
图1为本发明的系统组成示意图。
其中,1为氧化铝电解装置、2为碱液反应器、3为NaAlO2反应器、4为Al(OH)3反应器、5为储氢罐、6为透平、7为高温回热器、8为低温回热器、9为再压缩机、10为预冷器、11为主压缩机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述:
参考图1,一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,包括金属燃料铝储能子系统和超临界CO2循环发电子系统;
所述金属燃料铝储能子系统包括氧化铝电解装置1、碱液反应器2、NaAlO2反应器3、Al(OH)3反应器4和储氢罐5;氧化铝电解装置1的电源由可再生能源提供,氧化铝电解装置1的阴极连通碱液反应器2的燃料进口,将电化学反应产生的金属燃料铝送入碱液反应器2,金属燃料铝在碱液反应器2中与水发生放热反应并产生氢气,化学反应方程式依次为2Al+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2和Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O;碱液反应器2的氢气出口与储氢罐5的进口相连通,碱液反应器2的溶液出口与NaAlO2反应器3的溶液进口相连通;NaAlO2反应器3的溶液出口与Al(OH)3反应器4的溶液进口相连通,Al(OH)3反应器4反应所需的热源来自于可再生能源;Al(OH)3反应器4的出口通过循环管路与氧化铝电解装置1的熔融电解液进口相连通;在Al(OH)3反应器4中发生热分解反应2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O;NaAlO2反应器3的气体进口与来自燃煤电站烟气CO2捕集装置的CO2出口相连通,在NaAlO2反应器3中,NaAlO2溶液与CO2发生反应生成Al(OH)3,同时可生成重要的化工原料Na2CO3和NaHCO3;
所述的超临界CO2循环发电子系统包括碱液反应器2、透平6、高温回热器7、低温回热器8、再压缩机9、预冷器10和主压缩机11;低温回热器8的热侧出口分为两路,其中一路经预冷器10与主压缩机11的入口相连通,主压缩机11的出口与低温回热器8的冷侧入口相连通,另一路与再压缩机9的入口相连通,再压缩机9的出口与低温回热器8的冷侧出口通过管道并管后与高温回热器7的冷侧入口相连通,高温回热器7的冷侧出口与碱液反应器2的工质入口相连通,碱液反应器2的工质出口与透平6的进口相连通,透平6的工质出口与高温回热器7的热侧入口相连通,高温回热器7的热侧出口与低温回热器8的热侧入口相连通。
所述NaAlO2反应器3的气体进口与来自燃煤电站烟气CO2捕集装置的CO2相连通,在NaAlO2反应器3中,NaAlO2溶液与CO2发生反应生成Al(OH)3,同时可生成重要的化工原料Na2CO3和NaHCO3,具体反应方程式为:(1)当CO2少量时,生成Na2CO3,2NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3;(2)当CO2过量时,生成NaHCO3,NaAlO2+CO2+2H2O=Al(OH)3+NaHCO3。
所述Al(OH)3反应器4的出口通过循环管路与氧化铝电解装置1的熔融电解液进口相连通,在Al(OH)3反应器4中发生热分解反应2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O,反应所需要的温度为650~850℃,由可再生能源作为热源提供。
本发明多联产系统以氧化铝为原料,当可再生能源发电过剩或富余时,通过氧化铝电解装置1对熔融的氧化铝溶液进行电解,将可再生能源电力通过电化学反应转化成铝燃料的化学能进行储存。当电网中可再生能源发电不足时,通过碱液反应器2和超临界CO2循环发电子系统将铝燃料的化学能转化成电能,用以补充可再生能源发电的不足。
在本发明中,动力循环转换装置是以简单再压缩布雷顿循环为例进行说明的,主要是为了便于清楚地阐述本发明的主要思想,任何其他复杂形式的超临界CO2动力循环系统均可适用于本发明中的动力循环转换装置。
以上所述的具体实施方式,对本发明的目的、技术方案和有益效果进行了进一步详细说明,所应理解的是,以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施方式而已,并不用于限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
1.一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,其特征在于:该系统包括金属燃料铝储能子系统和超临界CO2循环发电子系统;
所述金属燃料铝储能子系统包括氧化铝电解装置(1)、碱液反应器(2)、NaAlO2反应器(3)、Al(OH)3反应器(4)和储氢罐(5);所述氧化铝电解装置(1)的电源由可再生能源提供,氧化铝电解装置(1)的阴极连通碱液反应器(2)的燃料进口,将电化学反应产生的金属燃料铝送入碱液反应器(2),金属燃料铝在碱液反应器(2)中与水发生放热反应并产生氢气;碱液反应器(2)的氢气出口与储氢罐(5)的进口相连通,碱液反应器(2)的溶液出口与NaAlO2反应器(3)的溶液进口相连通;NaAlO2反应器(3)的溶液出口与Al(OH)3反应器(4)的溶液进口相连通,Al(OH)3反应器(4)的出口通过循环管路与氧化铝电解装置(1)的熔融电解液进口相连通,在Al(OH)3反应器(4)中发生热分解反应2Al(OH)3=Al2O3+3H2O;NaAlO2反应器(3)的气体进口与来自燃煤电站烟气CO2捕集装置的CO2出口相连通,在NaAlO2反应器(3)中,NaAlO2溶液与CO2发生反应生成Al(OH)3,同时生成重要的化工原料Na2CO3和NaHCO3;
所述的超临界CO2循环发电子系统包括碱液反应器(2)、透平(6)、高温回热器(7)、低温回热器(8)、再压缩机(9)、预冷器(10)和主压缩机(11);低温回热器(8)的热侧出口分为两路,其中一路经预冷器(10)与主压缩机(11)的入口相连通,主压缩机(11)的出口与低温回热器(8)的冷侧入口相连通,另一路与再压缩机(9)的入口相连通,再压缩机(9)的出口与低温回热器(8)的冷侧出口通过管道并管后与高温回热器(7) 的冷侧入口相连通,高温回热器(7)的冷侧出口与碱液反应器(2)的工质入口相连通,碱液反应器(2)的工质出口与透平(6)的进口相连通,透平(6)的工质出口与高温回热器(7)的热侧入口相连通,高温回热器(7)的热侧出口与低温回热器(8)的热侧入口相连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,其特征在于:在NaAlO2反应器(3)中,NaAlO2溶液与CO2发生反应生成Al(OH)3,同时生成重要的化工原料Na2CO3和NaHCO3;具体反应方程式为:(1)当CO2少量时,生成Na2CO3,2NaAlO2+CO2+3H2O=2Al(OH)3+Na2CO3;(2)当CO2过量时,生成NaHCO3,NaAlO2+CO2+2H2O=Al(OH)3+NaHCO3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统,其特征在于:Al(OH)3反应器(4)反应所需的热源来自于可再生能源。
4.权利要求1至3任一项所述的耦合铝储能和超临界CO2循环发电的多联产系统的工作方法,其特征在于:所述多联产系统以氧化铝为原料,当可再生能源发电过剩或富余时,通过氧化铝电解装置(1)对熔融的氧化铝溶液进行电解,将可再生能源电力通过电化学反应转化成铝燃料的化学能进行储存;当电网中可再生能源发电不足时,通过碱液反应器(2)和超临界CO2循环发电子系统将铝燃料的化学能转化成电能,用以补充可再生能源发电的不足;具体过程为:在碱液反应器(2)中,金属燃料铝与水发生放热反应并产生氢气,化学反应方程式依次为2Al+6H2O=2Al(OH)3+3H2和Al(OH)3+NaOH=NaAlO2+2H2O,所产生的热被超临界CO2循环发电子系统中高温回热器(7)冷侧出口的超临界CO2 吸收,吸热升温后的超临界CO2进入透平(6)膨胀做功,带动发电机对外输出电力,完成做功后的超临界CO2依次进入高温回热器(7)和低温回热器(8)中分别加热来自再压缩机(9)和主压缩机(11)升压后的低温冷侧超临界CO2。
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