CN111960440A - Process for producing soda ash and building insulating brick from red mud - Google Patents
Process for producing soda ash and building insulating brick from red mud Download PDFInfo
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- CN111960440A CN111960440A CN202010907381.7A CN202010907381A CN111960440A CN 111960440 A CN111960440 A CN 111960440A CN 202010907381 A CN202010907381 A CN 202010907381A CN 111960440 A CN111960440 A CN 111960440A
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 128
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 9
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004131 Bayer process Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01D—COMPOUNDS OF ALKALI METALS, i.e. LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM, RUBIDIUM, CAESIUM, OR FRANCIUM
- C01D7/00—Carbonates of sodium, potassium or alkali metals in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1321—Waste slurries, e.g. harbour sludge, industrial muds
- C04B33/1322—Red mud
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention discloses a process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud. The red mud enters a mixing and diluting unit to obtain dilute red mud, the dilute red mud is sent to a carbonization unit for reaction, the reacted dilute red mud is sent to an n-grade water washing unit, wherein n is more than 5, a process water replenishing pipeline for replenishing process water to the n-grade water washing unit is also arranged, after the n-grade water washing of the n-grade water washing unit, on one hand, the washing water of the red mud washed in the n-grade water washing unit is collected and sent to an m-grade evaporation and concentration unit, on the other hand, the dilute red mud is sent to a filtering unit to obtain low-sodium red mud, the low-sodium red mud is sent to a drying unit A, the low-sodium red mud is subjected to brick making and forming in a brick making unit, and then is sent to a tunnel kiln for firing, so as; and (3) sending the washing water in the n-grade water washing unit to the 1 st-grade evaporation concentration unit of the m-grade evaporation concentration unit, and then sending the washing water to the evaporation drying unit for evaporation drying to obtain the dry calcined soda.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of red mud utilization, and particularly relates to a process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud.
Background
In the prior art, alumina is mostly produced by using a Bayer process, which mainly uses alkaline solution to dissolve solid-phase alumina hydrate in bauxite into sodium aluminate, then the sodium aluminate is treated to obtain aluminum hydroxide, and the aluminum hydroxide is roasted to obtain the alumina. After solid-phase alumina hydrate is dissolved out of bauxite through alkaline solution, red mud is formed by the residual impurities such as soil, iron, titanium, silicon dioxide and the like. The main component of the red mud by-product liquid is sodium aluminate which can be written as NaAlO2Or is Na2O·Al2O3The red mud also contains sodium in a combined form, such as sodium silicate, written as Na2SiO3Can also be written as Na2O·SiO2。
At present, under the condition that the red mud cannot be used in large quantity and must be stacked, the red mud is mainly stacked in a centralized way by building a red mud yard. At present, red mud stacking is divided into dry and wet types. The wet-type stockpiling is to send the red mud and the attached liquid from an alumina plant to a red mud yard by a diaphragm pump according to the liquid-solid ratio of 3.0-4.0, the attached liquid is returned to the alumina plant after being clarified, the red mud slurry is discharged into a red mud warehouse from a discharge port, and mud particles in the slurry are naturally settled and separated by gravity. The red mud attached liquid of dry-type stockpiling is about one fifth of the wet-method, the stockpiling process is that after the red mud is washed for many times, the solid content of the red mud separated by a settling tank is 30-40%, the solid content is further dehydrated to increase to 55%, the dynamic viscosity of a red mud filter cake is reduced to below 10 Pa.S from about 100 Pa.S through strong stirring, then the red mud is conveyed to a red mud yard through a pipeline by using a diaphragm pump or an oil separation mud pump, one part of the attached liquid of the red mud entering the dry yard is lost due to surface evaporation, the other part of the attached liquid is drained into an attached liquid collecting system through a bottom sandstone drainage layer, the red mud is gradually dried, the stability of the red mud is enhanced, the environment pollution caused by the loss of the red mud attached liquid cannot occur, and the method is a better method for treating.
At present, the main reason for hindering the large-scale industrial application of red mud is the alkali content in red mud, namely Na2The content of O is high, the high alkali content can cause adverse effect in the application of the red mud, especially the application of the red mud in the building material, and the red mud can swell when meeting water or contacting carbon dioxide for a long time, so that the whole structure of the building material is damaged from the inside, the reliability and the durability of the building material are reduced, and the harm is great. If the addition amount of the red mud in the building material is reduced, the large-scale application of the red mud is not facilitated on one hand, and the utilization cost of the red mud is increased on the other hand.
In summary, the main problem faced by the present red mud utilization is that it is difficult to utilize the red mud on a large scale and at a low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the background art and achieve the purpose of large-scale and low-cost utilization of red mud, the invention provides a process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud.
A process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud comprises the following steps: the red mud enters a mixing and diluting unit, water is added for dilution and impurity removal, large-particle impurities such as mud in the red mud are washed away, the large-particle impurities are prevented from being blocked in the subsequent filtering, conveying and other processes, the mixing and diluting unit is used for providing a mixing and diluting place which can be a container such as a tank, a tank and the like, after the thin red mud is obtained, the thin red mud is sent to a carbonization unit, in the carbonization unit, because the component in the attached liquid of the thin red mud is mainly sodium aluminate, the thin red mud reacts with the gas of which the reaction component is carbon dioxide to generate aluminum hydroxide precipitate and sodium carbonate, and meanwhile, some structural alkali such as insoluble sodium in the thin red mud is also dissolved out by reaction to generate sodium carbonate, wherein the carbonization unit essentially provides a reactor for reacting the attached liquid of the thin red mud with the carbon dioxide, and then the reacted thin red mud is sent to an n-level water washing unit, the equipment used by the n-stage water washing units is mainly a settling tank with n stages, wherein n is>5, washing the red mud with n-stage water in the n-stage water washing unit to gradually wash off sodium carbonate in the red mud, meanwhile, arranging a process water replenishing pipeline for replenishing process water to the n-stage water washing unit for washing the red mud with the n-stage water washing replenishing process water, enriching the sodium carbonate in the washing water after the n-stage water washing in the n-stage water washing unit, on the one hand, collecting the washing water of the red mud washed in the n-stage water washing unit and sending the washing water to the 1 st stage evaporation concentration of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit, wherein m is m>9, on the other hand, sending the washed dilute red mud to a filtering unit, wherein the main equipment of the filtering unit is a filter press, and filtering to obtain the low-sodium red mud with the alkali content being Na2The content of O is less than 0.2 percent and is greatly lower than 0.6 percent of the alkali content requirement of the industry, the low-sodium red mud is sent to a drying unit A, the main equipment of the drying unit A is a chain-grate drier, the water content of the low-sodium red mud is kept between 14 and 20 percent after the drying of the drying unit A, brick making molding is carried out on a brick making unit to obtain a green brick, and then the green brick is sent to a brick making unit for brick making molding to obtain a green brickThe drying unit B is mainly a countercurrent tunnel type drying chamber, the temperatures of the drying unit A and the drying unit B are maintained at 110-120 ℃, then the bricks are sent to a tunnel kiln for further firing to obtain finished building heat-insulating bricks, and high-temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln is sent to a waste gas treatment unit for dust removal and other treatment, so that the smoke dust reaches the standard of environmental emission;
after the washing water in the n-level water washing unit is sent to the 1 st level evaporation concentration of the m-level evaporation concentration unit, the washing water is subjected to m-level evaporation concentration, the equipment used by the m-level evaporation concentration unit is an m-level evaporator to obtain the washing water with the alkali content of more than 25%, the washing water is sent to an evaporation drying unit to be evaporated and dried at the temperature of 130-. In the process, even if sodium bicarbonate is generated due to excessive carbon dioxide in the carbonization unit, the sodium bicarbonate is decomposed at a high temperature to generate sodium carbonate after being evaporated at a high temperature in the evaporation and drying unit.
Furthermore, in the n-stage water washing units, the washing water used for washing the red mud in each stage is sent to the previous stage for washing the red mud as the washing water used for washing the red mud in the previous stage, wherein the washing water obtained by washing the red mud in the 1 st stage is sent to the 1 st stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit for evaporation concentration through a pipeline.
Furthermore, the washing water obtained by washing the red mud with the 1 st-stage water of the n-stage water washing unit is also led to the mixing and diluting unit to be used as a water source for diluting the red mud, and the liquid-solid ratio in the red mud is diluted to 2.7, so that the red mud has good fluidity.
Further, after the diluted red mud is sent to a filtering unit to be filtered, the obtained filtrate is sent to the nth-stage water washing in the nth-stage water washing unit to be used as washing water.
Furthermore, the m-stage evaporation concentration unit is an m-stage evaporator, evaporation concentration is carried out by using steam as a heat source, the steam enters from the 1 st stage evaporation concentration of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit, then sequentially flows through subsequent evaporation concentration, and finally flows out from the m-stage evaporation concentration unit.
Furthermore, steam flows to the pipeline of the next stage from each stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit, and a drain valve is arranged on the pipeline, and steam condensate water in the pipeline is separated out through the drain valve and sent to a condensate water tank.
Furthermore, a pipeline is arranged for pumping the steam condensate water in the condensate water tank to the nth stage water washing of the nth stage water washing unit to be used as washing water.
Furthermore, a steam pressurizing unit is also arranged; after the steam flows out of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit, the steam enters the steam pressurizing unit to be pressurized, the steam is increased to 110-120 ℃, the equipment used by the steam pressurizing unit is a steam compressor, the steam which has exchanged heat is compressed and pressurized again through the steam compressor, the steam temperature is increased, the heat level of the steam which has exchanged heat is increased, and the steam is favorably reused.
Furthermore, the steam pressurized by the steam pressurizing unit is divided into two paths, one path of the steam is led to the drying unit A, the other path of the steam is led to the drying unit B, the steam is used as a heat source in the drying process to heat air, and then the air is led into the drying unit A and the drying unit B, so that the drying purpose is achieved.
Furthermore, a waste heat boiler is also arranged; the high-temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln is about 200 ℃ and is used as a hot material flow to be fed into the waste heat boiler, meanwhile, the process water used as a cold material flow is fed into the waste heat boiler, the process water is heated by the high-temperature waste gas to form 180-grade 190 ℃ steam, and the steam is sent to the m-grade evaporation concentration unit to be used as a heat source.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the red mud is reasonably utilized, the residual low-sodium red mud with sodium oxide content meeting the industrial requirement is used as a raw material for preparing the building insulating brick while obtaining the soda ash, and the main components of the red mud are close to those of a wall material, so that the red mud is very suitable for preparing the building insulating brick, the investment is low, the operation is simple and feasible, and the red mud which can only be originally stockpiled can be reused industrially on a large scale; (2) the materials and heat in the technological process are reasonably utilized, the high-grade heat of the high-temperature waste gas of the tunnel kiln is fully utilized, steam required in the evaporation concentration process in the technological process is prepared, steam condensate water generated in the evaporation concentration process of the steam is collected and used as washing water of the washing unit, and after the steam flows out of the evaporation concentration process, the steam is pressurized again and used as heat sources of the drying unit A and the drying unit B. In a whole view, the invention can utilize the red mud to produce soda ash and building insulating bricks, has the advantages of low investment, low cost, simplicity and feasibility, is beneficial to large-scale industrial application of the red mud, fully utilizes materials and heat in the process, and accords with the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1: a process diagram for producing soda from red mud.
FIG. 2: a process diagram for producing building insulating bricks from red mud.
In the figure: 1.1.1. the system comprises a mixing and diluting unit, a 1.1.2 carbonization unit, a 1.1.3 n-grade water washing unit, a 1.1.4 filtering unit, a1.1.5 drying unit A, a 1.1.6 brick making unit, a 1.1.7 drying unit B, a 1.1.8 tunnel kiln, a 1.1.9 waste heat boiler, a 1.1.10 steam pressurizing unit, a 1.2.1 m-grade evaporation and concentration unit, a 1.2.2 evaporation and drying unit and a 1.2.3 condensed water tank.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the drawings in the specification, and the embodiments are disclosed for the purpose of illustrating the invention rather than limiting the invention, and all technical solutions which are simple to replace, combine and develop on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud comprises the following steps: the red mud enters a mixing and diluting unit 1.1.1, water is added to dilute and remove impurities, large-particle impurities such as mud in the red mud are washed away, the large-particle impurities are prevented from being blocked in the subsequent filtering, conveying and other processes, the mixing and diluting unit 1.1.1 has the function of providing a mixing and diluting place, the mixing and diluting unit is a mixing tank in the embodiment, after the dilute red mud is obtained, the dilute red mud is sent to a carbonization unit 1.1.2, in the carbonization unit 1.1.2, because the component in the dilute red mud attaching liquid is mainly sodium aluminate, the dilute red mud reacts with gas of which the reaction component is carbon dioxide to generate aluminum hydroxide precipitate and sodium carbonate, and meanwhile, some structural alkalis in the dilute red mud, such as insoluble sodium silicate, are also reactedDissolving out and generating sodium carbonate, wherein the carbonization unit 1.1.2 is essentially a reactor for reacting dilute red mud with attached liquid with carbon dioxide, then the reacted dilute red mud is sent to an n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3, the equipment used by the n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3 is mainly an n-stage settling tank, and n is a settling tank>5, in the n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3, the sodium carbonate dissolved in the washing water is washed off gradually through n-stage water washing, meanwhile, a process water replenishing pipeline for replenishing process water to the n-stage water washing is arranged for washing the red mud in the n-stage water washing replenishing process water, after the n-stage water washing in the n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3, the washing water is enriched with the sodium carbonate, on one hand, the washing water of the red mud washed in the n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3 is collected and sent to the 1 st stage evaporation concentration of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1, and m is evaporated and concentrated here>9, on the other hand, sending the washed dilute red mud to a filter unit 1.1.4, wherein the main equipment of the filter unit 1.1.4 is a filter press, and performing filter pressing to obtain the low-sodium red mud with the water content of 40 percent and the alkali content of the low-sodium red mud is Na2O is less than 0.2 percent and is greatly lower than 0.6 percent of the requirement of the industry on alkali content, the low-sodium red mud is sent to a drying unit A1.1.5, the main equipment of the drying unit A1.1.5 is a chain-link drier, the water content of the low-sodium red mud is kept between 14 and 20 percent after being dried by a drying unit A1.1.5, so that brick making forming can be carried out in the brick making unit 1.1.6 to obtain a brick blank, the water content is too high, the brick blank is difficult to prepare due to too strong fluidity, the water content is too low, the brick blank is difficult to prepare due to insufficient content of viscous substances and is easy to pulverize, the brick blank is sent to a drying unit B1.1.7, the drying unit B1.1.7 is mainly a counter-flow tunnel type drying chamber, meanwhile, free water in the shaped brick blank can be further dried, the temperature of the drying unit A1.1.5 and the drying unit B1.1.7 is kept at 120 ℃, and then the brick is sent to a tunnel kiln 1.1.1.8 to be further fired to obtain a finished, high-temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln 1.1.8 is sent to a waste gas treatment unit for dust removal and other treatment, so that the smoke dust reaches the standard of environmental emission;
the washing water in the n-level water washing unit 1.1.3 is sent to the 1 st level evaporation concentration of the m-level evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1, and then is subjected to m-level evaporation concentration, the equipment used in the m-level evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1 is an m-level evaporator to obtain the washing water with the alkali content of more than 25%, and then is sent to the evaporation drying unit 1.2.2 for evaporation drying at the temperature of 130-. In the process, even if there is sodium bicarbonate generated due to excess carbon dioxide in the carbonization unit 1.1.2, the sodium bicarbonate is decomposed at a high temperature to generate sodium carbonate after being evaporated at a high temperature in the evaporation and drying unit 1.2.2.
Further, in the n-stage water washing unit 1.1.3, the washing water used for washing the red mud at each stage is sent to the previous stage for washing the red mud as the washing water of the previous stage for washing the red mud, wherein the washing water obtained by washing the red mud at the 1 st stage is sent to the 1 st stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1 for evaporation concentration through a pipeline.
Furthermore, the washing water obtained by washing the red mud with the 1 st-order water in the n-order water washing unit 1.1.3 is also led to the mixing and diluting unit 1.1.1 to be used as a water source for diluting the red mud, and the liquid-solid ratio in the red mud is diluted to 2.7, so that the red mud has good fluidity.
Further, after the diluted red mud is sent to the filtering unit 1.1.4 to be filtered, the obtained filtrate is sent to the nth-stage water washing in the nth-stage water washing unit 1.1.3 to be used as washing water.
Further, the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit 1.2.1 is an m-stage evaporator, and evaporation and concentration are performed by using steam as a heat source, wherein the steam enters from the 1 st stage evaporation and concentration of the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit 1.2.1, then sequentially flows through subsequent evaporation and concentration, and finally flows out from the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit 1.2.1.
Furthermore, steam flows to the pipeline of the next stage from each stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1, and a drain valve is arranged, so that steam condensate in the pipeline is separated out through the drain valve and sent to the condensate water tank 1.2.3.
Further, a line is provided to pump the steam condensate in the condensate tank 1.2.3 to the nth stage water wash of the n stage water wash unit 1.1.3 as wash water.
Further, a steam pressurizing unit 1.1.10 is also provided; after the steam flows out of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1, the steam enters a steam pressurizing unit 1.1.10 for pressurizing, the steam is increased to 110-120 ℃, the equipment used by the steam pressurizing unit 1.1.10 is a steam compressor, the steam which has exchanged heat is compressed and pressurized again through the steam compressor, the steam temperature is increased, the heat level of the steam which has exchanged heat is increased, and the secondary utilization of the steam is facilitated.
Furthermore, the steam pressurized by the steam pressurizing unit 1.1.10 is divided into two paths, one path of the steam is led to the drying unit A1.1.5, and the other path of the steam is led to the drying unit B1.1.7, and the two paths of the steam are used as heat sources in the drying process, the air is heated by the steam, and then the air is led into the drying unit A1.1.5 and the drying unit B1.1.7, so that the drying purpose is achieved.
Furthermore, a waste heat boiler 1.1.9 is also arranged; the high temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln 1.1.8 is about 200 ℃, and is used as a hot material flow to be fed into the waste heat boiler 1.1.9, meanwhile, the process water used as a cold material flow is fed into the waste heat boiler 1.1.9, the process water is heated by the high temperature waste gas to form 180-190 ℃ steam, and the steam is sent to the m-grade evaporation concentration unit 1.2.1 to be used as a heat source.
Claims (10)
1. A process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud is characterized by comprising the following steps: the red mud enters a mixed dilution unit (1.1.1) and is diluted by adding water to remove impurities, so as to obtain dilute red mud, then the dilute red mud is sent to a carbonization unit (1.1.2), the dilute red mud reacts with gas with a reaction component of carbon dioxide in the carbonization unit, then the reacted dilute red mud is sent to an n-stage water washing unit (1.1.3), wherein n is more than 5, meanwhile, a process water replenishing pipeline for replenishing process water to an n-stage water washing unit is arranged for washing the red mud to the n-stage water washing unit, after the n-stage water washing of the n-stage water washing unit (1.1.3), on one hand, the washing water of the red mud washed in the n-stage water washing unit (1.1.3) is collected and sent to a 1-stage evaporation concentration unit (1.2.1), m is more than 9, on the other hand, the dilute red mud is sent to a filtration unit (1.1.4), so as to obtain low-sodium red mud through filtration, and the low-sodium red mud is sent to a drying unit A (1.1.1.5), after being dried by the drying unit A (1.1.5), the brick-making unit (1.1.6) performs brick-making molding, then the brick-making molding is sent to the drying unit B (1.1.7), then the brick is sent to the tunnel kiln (1.1.8) to be fired to obtain a finished building heat-insulating brick, and high-temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln (1.1.8) is sent to a waste gas treatment unit for dedusting;
and the washing water in the n-stage water washing unit (1.1.3) is sent to the 1 st stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit (1.2.1) for evaporation concentration, then is sent to the evaporation drying unit (1.2.2) for evaporation drying after the m-stage evaporation concentration, and finally the dried calcined soda is obtained.
2. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the n-stage water washing units (1.1.3), the washing water used for washing the red mud in each stage is sent to the previous stage for washing the red mud as the washing water of the previous stage for washing the red mud, wherein the washing water obtained by washing the red mud in the 1 st stage is sent to the 1 st stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration units (1.2.1) for evaporation concentration through a pipeline.
3. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the washing water obtained by washing the red mud with the 1 st water of the n-stage washing unit (1.1.3) is also led to the mixing dilution unit (1.1.1) to be used as a water source for diluting the red mud.
4. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein: after the diluted red mud is sent to a filtering unit (1.1.4) to be filtered, the obtained filtrate is sent to the nth-stage water washing in the nth-stage water washing unit (1.1.3) to be used as washing water.
5. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit (1.2.1) is an m-stage evaporator, evaporation and concentration are carried out by using steam as a heat source, the steam enters from the 1 st stage evaporation and concentration of the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit (1.2.1), then sequentially flows through subsequent evaporation and concentration, and finally flows out from the m-stage evaporation and concentration unit.
6. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 5, wherein: steam flows to the pipeline of the next stage from each stage of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit (1.2.1), and a drain valve is arranged on the pipeline, and steam condensate water in the pipeline is separated out through the drain valve and sent to a condensate water tank (1.2.3).
7. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 6, wherein: a pipeline is also provided for pumping the steam condensate in the condensate tank (1.2.3) to the nth stage water wash of the n stage water wash unit (1.1.3) as wash water.
8. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 7, wherein: a steam pressurizing unit (1.1.10) is also provided; after the steam flows out of the m-stage evaporation concentration unit, the steam enters a steam pressurizing unit (1.1.10) for pressurization.
9. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks by using red mud as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that: the steam pressurized by the steam pressurizing unit (1.1.10) is divided into two paths, one path is led to the drying unit A (1.1.5), and the other path is led to the drying unit B (1.1.7) and is used as a heat source in the drying process.
10. The process for producing soda ash and building insulating bricks from red mud as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: a waste heat boiler (1.1.9) is also arranged; high-temperature waste gas generated by the tunnel kiln (1.1.8) is fed into a waste heat boiler (1.1.9) as a hot material flow, meanwhile, process water serving as a cold material flow is fed into the waste heat boiler (1.1.9), the process water is heated by the high-temperature waste gas to form steam, and the steam is sent to an m-level evaporation concentration unit (1.2.1) and serves as a heat source.
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