CN111955279A

CN111955279A - Production method of special strain for wood segments

Info

Publication number: CN111955279A
Application number: CN202010509664.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘永昶; 倪长鹏; 刘伯轩; 刘占春
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-05
Filing date: 2020-06-05
Publication date: 2020-11-20

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method of a special strain for wood segments, wherein the special strain is prepared by adding water into cylindrical matrix particles and a culture medium together, stirring until the water content is 60-65%, sterilizing, inoculating an edible fungus strain, and culturing in a ventilating way at 25-30 ℃; the matrix particles are preferably in the shape of a cylinder with aeration grooves, which is a cylinder with side grooves, a half hollow cylinder, a cylinder with half channels or a cylinder with a combination of half channels and a hollow. The invention also provides bottled seeds and bagged seeds of the special strains and a wood section planting method. The special strain block provided by the invention has uniform specification and hard structure, is beneficial to mechanized operation, does not shrink or fall off, and is not damaged by worms, and the special strain block is used for cultivating edible fungi on wood segments, so that the method is quick and efficient, the success rate is greatly improved, and the mixed strain rate and the non-germination rate are reduced.

Description

Production method of special strain for wood segments

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of edible fungus cultivation, in particular to a wood segment special strain, a bottled seed and a bagged seed and a wood segment planting method of the strain during edible fungus production.

Background

The edible fungi are large fungi which can be eaten by human beings, are organic, nutritional and health-care green foods, and are popular with consumers. For consumers, the edible fungi are naturally the best wild, but the yield of the edible fungi cannot meet the requirements of the market at present. The wood section culture adopts quasi-wild technology, and is characterized by that the strain is placed in the wood section, and generally the oak is used, and after the upper surface of the wood section is punched, the strain can be cultured. However, in recent years, the number of wood-cultivation edible fungi is reduced year by year in China, the main reason is that strains and technologies restrict the development of wood-cultivation, at present, in many areas, wood suitable for wood-cultivation is crushed into sawdust, bagged and sterilized for bag cultivation, and not only are the plant and equipment investment increased compared with wood-cultivation, but also dozens of production links are increased compared with wood-cultivation, so that the production cost is greatly increased, a large amount of energy and materials are consumed, the waste is greatly caused, and the requirements of people on wild edible fungi cannot be met.

At present, strains frequently used in wood section cultivation are strains taking sawdust or wheat bran as a culture medium, are loose and soft in texture, are labor-consuming and time-consuming in inoculation, are easy to infect sundry bacteria, and need to be covered to protect the strains in the later period, so that on one hand, the covering is time-consuming and labor-consuming in the covering process, and on the other hand, the strains often fail due to thallus infection or air drying caused by the falling of the cover. In addition, there are theoretical studies involving strains that were made manually using shoot or belt punches, but none of them could be put into practical production. The branches are tender and soft, and can be dried and shrunk to fall off after being grafted into wood holes; the strain matrix punched by the belt punch has high labor intensity and low production efficiency, and the matrix block can be cracked into small pieces in the process of mixing and culturing the bacteria and cannot be used.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention firstly provides a special strain for cultivating edible fungi, which is prepared by adding water into cylindrical substrate particles and a culture medium together, stirring the mixture until the water content is 60-65%, inoculating the edible fungi strain after sterilization, and culturing the edible fungi strain in a ventilating way at the temperature of 25-30 ℃; the matrix particles are in the shape of cylinders with aeration grooves, preferably cylinders with side grooves (see fig. 2A, 2B, 2C), hollow or semi-hollow cylinders, cylinders with semi-channels (see fig. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D) or cylinders with a combination of semi-channels and hollow (see fig. 4).

The side grooves comprise square grooves or semicircular grooves; the hollow position of the half hollow part is from the bottom end to half of the whole depth; the half part channel is provided with a cross-shaped or groined groove channel or a cross-shaped inclined groove or a tooth-shaped groove channel at the lower part of the cylinder; the cylinder with the half-channel combined with the hollow is provided with a hollow and groove channel structure at the lower part of the cylinder.

Wherein said substrate particles are cut from wood; or is prepared by mixing and compressing sawdust and/or straw.

The invention also provides a bottled seed or bagged seed, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:

1) preparing matrix particles: mechanically cutting wood into particles of said shape, or mechanically mixing sawdust and/or straw material to compress into particles of said shape;

2) taking the raw materials of a culture medium according to the following mixture ratio: 85-90% of sawdust, 6-13% of wheat bran, 0.5-1% of quicklime and 0.5-1.5% of gypsum powder;

3) preparing special strains: soaking or steaming the matrix granules in a container until no hard core exists, mixing with the culture medium raw material uniformly mixed with water, and stirring until the water content of the culture medium raw material is 60-65%;

4) bottling or packaging: mechanically or manually bottling (bagging) the matrix particles and the culture medium raw materials, wherein the bag material is solid and is prevented from being hollow;

5) and (3) sterilization: the bottled seeds or the bagged seeds are sterilized under high pressure at the temperature of 121-;

6) inoculation: after cooling, the edible fungus strains are inoculated mechanically or manually under the aseptic condition;

7) culturing: feeding into a culture room for culturing bacteria at 25-30 deg.C; ventilation is increased at the later stage; the culture time can be determined according to the type of the edible fungi;

8) boxing and storing: after the culture is finished, the culture medium is put into a wrapper with ventilation function and stored under the conditions of darkness, temperature of 1-5 ℃ and relative air humidity of 50-60%.

The water added in step 3) of the above process is preferably water that has previously soaked or cooked the substrate particles.

The bottled seeds or bagged seeds are convenient to operate in storage, transportation and sale, and can keep the activity of the strains for a longer time.

The invention further provides a wood section planting method in edible fungus cultivation, which comprises the following steps: and punching a hole on the wood section by taking the outer diameter of the matrix particle as the diameter, wherein the depth is equal to or slightly greater than the height of the matrix particle, and clamping any special bacterium into the hole.

Preferably, the special strain is taken out from a storage, placed for 2-3 days at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ and then planted.

Preferably, after placing some special strains of the category, a protective body or a protective cover of the wood substrate with the same diameter as that of the special strains of the category is placed.

In the special strain, bottled seed or bagged seed and planting method, the edible fungus can be various conventionally known edible fungi, and preferably black fungus.

The invention can obtain the following beneficial effects:

1) the special strain has higher matrix hardness, can resist certain temperature and humidity difference and has certain protection effect on the strain;

2) the material is made by mechanical cutting or compression, can be rapidly produced in large batch, and is easy to be processed into various shapes and structures;

3) the structure has a ventilation structure, so that hyphae can grow rapidly in the structure, and is not easy to be damaged during inoculation.

As described above, the present invention provides a strain suitable for wood-block cultivated edible fungi, which can ensure the quality and yield of wood-block cultivated edible fungi, and can promote the wood-block cultivated edible fungi in a large scale due to its mass production.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wood segment perforated and loaded with a special strain according to the present invention, wherein A is a schematic diagram; b is a real object photo.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cylindrical substrate particle with side grooves, wherein A is a schematic view of 4 square grooves; b is a schematic diagram of 4 semicircular grooves; c is a schematic diagram of 5 square grooves.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a matrix particle having a cylindrical shape with a half channel, wherein A is a schematic view of a cross-shaped groove; b is a schematic diagram of a groined groove; c is a schematic diagram of a cross-shaped inclined groove; d is a tooth-shaped groove schematic diagram.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a half channel (cross-shaped groove) in combination with a hollow cylindrical matrix particle.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are included merely for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Examples 1 to 4: preparing strains:

the strains of examples 1-4 were prepared in the following manner:

experimental example: wood section field planting cultivation of black fungus

The outer diameter of the matrix particles is used as the diameter to punch holes on the wood sections, the depth is equal to or slightly larger than the height of the matrix particles, the strains in the embodiment 1-4 are clamped into the holes, hammered (see attached figure 1), the special strains in the embodiment 1 are placed, and then the protective bodies of the wood matrix with the same diameter as the special strains are placed, and the protective bodies are respectively used as the experimental examples 1-6.

Cutting wood into a cylindrical shape as matrix particles, preparing a special strain according to the special strain preparation method of the invention, punching a hole on a wood section by taking the outer diameter of the matrix particles as the diameter, clamping the hole with the depth equal to or slightly larger than the height of the matrix particles, and hammering the hole to obtain the wood as a comparative example 1.

Common sawdust culture was put in the well and covered with a common wood cover as comparative example 2.

The above examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were cultivated under the same conditions suitable for growth of Auricularia, and the experimental results are shown in the following table (each example has multiple parallel experiments, and the following results are average values):

name (R)	Success rate of field planting	Rate of mixed bacteria	Rate of non-germination	Average time of permanent planting
					Experimental example 1	99%	0.8%	0.2%	9 days
Experimental example 2	98%	0.9%	1.1%	8 days
					Experimental example 3	98%	0.8%	1.2%	10 days
Experimental example 4	97%	0.5%	2.5%	11 days
					Comparative example 1	73%	19.2%	7.8%	16 days
Comparative example 2	64%	26.1%	9.9%	13 days

From the experimental results, the special strain disclosed by the invention is used for quickly and efficiently cultivating wood sections, the success rate is greatly improved, and the mixed bacteria rate and the non-germination rate are reduced. The special strain has uniform specification and hard structure, is beneficial to mechanized operation, and is not shrunk or fallen off and damaged by insects.

While the invention has been described with reference to various aspects thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A special strain for cultivating edible fungi is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises mixing cylindrical matrix particles with culture medium, adding water, stirring to water content of 60-65%, sterilizing, inoculating edible fungus strain, and culturing at 25-30 deg.C under ventilation; the matrix particles are in the shape of cylinders with aeration grooves, in the shape of cylinders with lateral grooves, hollow or semi-hollow cylinders, cylinders with semi-channels or cylinders with a combination of semi-channels and hollow.

2. The specialty strain of claim 1, wherein: the side grooves of the matrix particles comprise square grooves or semicircular grooves; the hollow position of the half hollow of the matrix particle is from the bottom end to half the depth of the whole depth; the half part channel of the matrix particle is a cross-shaped or # -shaped groove channel or a cross-shaped inclined groove or a tooth-shaped groove channel arranged at the lower part of a cylinder; the cylinder combined with the half channel and the hollow of the matrix particle has a hollow and groove channel structure at the lower part of the cylinder.

3. The specialty strain of claim 1 or 2, wherein: the substrate particles are made by cutting wood; or is prepared by mixing and compressing sawdust and/or straw.

4. A specific bacterial species according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the edible fungus is black fungus.

5. A bottled seed or a bagged seed, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

3) preparing special strains: soaking or steaming the matrix granules in a container until no hard core exists, mixing with the culture medium raw material which is uniformly mixed, adding water, and stirring until the water content of the culture medium raw material reaches 60-65%;

4) bottling or bagging: mechanically or manually bottling or bagging the matrix particles and the culture medium raw materials;

5) and (3) sterilization: the well-packed strain bottle or strain bag is sterilized under high pressure at the temperature of 121-;

7) culturing: feeding into a culture room for culturing bacteria at 25-30 deg.C;

6. A bottle seed or bag seed as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the water added in step 3) is the water that had previously soaked or cooked the substrate particles.

7. A wood segment field planting method in edible fungus cultivation is characterized in that: perforating the wood segment with the diameter of the outer diameter of the matrix particles and the depth equal to or slightly greater than the height of the matrix particles, and inserting the special strain of any one of claims 1 to 4 or taking out the special strain in the bottle or bag-packed strain of claims 5 to 6 into the holes.

8. The method of planting wood log according to claim 8, wherein: taking the special strain out of the storage, placing the special strain in an environment of 20-30 ℃ for 2-3 days, and then clamping the special strain into the hole.

9. The method for planting wood segments according to claim 8 or 9, wherein: after the special strain is inoculated, a protective body or a protective cover of the wood matrix with the same diameter as the matrix particles is put in.