CN111955263A - 一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法,包括种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气2‑6个月的沼液浸种30‑50min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%‑0.25%,对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理。本发明能够在茶叶树初期的播种、苗木的栽种环节做好初期的病虫害防护,保证茶叶树苗木前期的正常生长,提高植物自身生长过程中抵抗病虫害的能力,同时在茶叶树生长中后期,利用物理防治和化学防治两者相结合的方式,对茶叶树苗木进行病虫害检查、以及消杀,有效减少植物体发生病虫害的几率,病虫害效果更好,效率更高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及茶叶树种植技术领域,尤其涉及一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法。
背景技术
茶树种植的自然条件包括地貌、气候、土壤类型等,地形以丘陵为主,排水条件要好,降水充沛,年温差小、日夜温差大,无霜期长,光照条件好,这样的气候条件适宜各种类型的茶树生长,尤其适合大叶种茶树生长,冬末至夏初日照比较多,夏秋雨多雾大(云南茶区),日照较少利于茶树越冬和养分积累,利于夏秋茶的品质,砖红壤、砖红壤性红壤、山地红壤或山地黄壤、棕色森林土,这些土壤发育程度较深,结构良好,适合茶树生长。
茶树种植的自然条件包括地貌、气候、土壤类型等,地形以丘陵为主,排水条件要好,降水充沛,年温差小、日夜温差大,无霜期长,光照条件好,这样的气候条件适宜各种类型的茶树生长,尤其适合大叶种茶树生长,冬末至夏初日照比较多,夏秋雨多雾大(云南茶区),日照较少利于茶树越冬和养分积累,利于夏秋茶的品质,砖红壤、砖红壤性红壤、山地红壤或山地黄壤、棕色森林土,这些土壤发育程度较深,结构良好,适合茶树生长,在茶叶树的种植过程中,会面对很多问题,如何更好的做好茶叶树的病虫害防治工作成为重中之重,目前的茶叶树病虫害防治措施,往往在茶叶树发病后期才能做出及时反应,无法在源头和茶叶树苗木种植初期进行防治,防治效率和质量难以达到令人满意的效果,为此,我们提出一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法来解决上述问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法,用于解决现有技术中存在的问题:目前的茶叶树病虫害防治措施,往往在茶叶树发病后期才能做出及时反应,无法在源头和茶叶树苗木种植初期进行防治,防治效率和质量难以达到令人满意的效果。
本发明采用了如下技术方案:
一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法,包括以下步骤:
A、植物栽种前检疫:
S1、对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理;
S2、种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气2-6个月的沼液浸种30-50min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%-0.25%;
B、栽种土壤处理:
S1、土壤消毒,严格土壤消毒,暴晒土壤消毒灭菌,然后用1kg木霉培养菌、0.3kg35%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂500倍液、800kg土混合做营养土,采用营养钵育苗;
S2、每年不断地在苹果树行间种植绿肥作物,在沟内种植桂花树、结香、向日葵;所述桂花树、所述结香、所述向日葵与茶树的数量比例为1:6;所述桂花树、所述结香、所述向日葵的株距为3.5-9m,控制所述桂花树的高度不超过4.5m,控制所述结香和所述向日葵的高度不超过2.5m,以培肥地力;
C、茶叶树苗木栽种:
S1、树坑开挖,测量茶叶树苗木实际的长度,若苗木的长度在50cm-80cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的四分之一,若苗木的长度在80cm-120cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的五分之一,若苗木的长度在120cm以上,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的六分之一;
S2、茶叶树苗木栽种初期的扶持防护,采用4个铝合金材料制成的插杆,将插杆围绕苗木为中心呈圆周对称分布的排列,并且将插杆的底端插入到土壤当中,利用四根尼龙材料制成的绷带在苗木的四周进行简单的缠绕,并且最终让绷带的一端与相邻的插杆固定,以此实现对茶叶树苗木的简单固定;
D、水肥管理:
S1、在茶叶树苗木种植0-30天内,每天分早晚施肥两次,肥料为每10棵苗木共用液体肥料1500ML-5000ML,水和有机肥、磷肥的比例为50:8:6;
E、病虫害处理:
S1、安装太阳能杀虫灯诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内800-2500㎡安装1盏太阳能杀虫灯;
S2、插挂黄色粘虫板诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每10-20㎡挂1张黄色粘虫板;
S3、吊挂性诱剂诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每30-60㎡挂2个性诱瓶,内置性诱剂;
S4、茶树生长期内每隔7-12天喷施一次杀虫剂,在采茶前3-6天再喷施一次杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂包括:苦楝树籽10-14份、辣椒4-6份、曼陀罗2-6份、丁香3-5份、八角5-8份、青蒿8-12份、大蒜1-5份、苦参6-10份、迷迭香6-10份、柠檬草5-9份;
S5、每隔6-10天全面检测茶园一次,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、能够在茶叶树初期的播种、苗木的栽种环节做好初期的病虫害防护,保证茶叶树苗木前期的正常生长,提高植物自身生长过程中抵抗病虫害的能力;
2、在茶叶树生长中后期,利用物理防治和化学防治两者相结合的方式,对茶叶树苗木进行病虫害检查、以及消杀,有效减少植物体发生病虫害的几率,病虫害效果更好,效率更高。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。
一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法,包括以下步骤:
实施例一
A、植物栽种前检疫:
S1、对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理;
S2、种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气2个月的沼液浸种30min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%-0.25%;
B、栽种土壤处理:
S1、土壤消毒,严格土壤消毒,暴晒土壤消毒灭菌,然后用1kg木霉培养菌、0.3kg35%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂500倍液、800kg土混合做营养土,采用营养钵育苗;
S2、每年不断地在苹果树行间种植绿肥作物,在沟内种植桂花树、结香、向日葵;桂花树、结香、向日葵与茶树的数量比例为1:6;桂花树、结香、向日葵的株距为3.5-9m,控制桂花树的高度不超过4.5m,控制结香和向日葵的高度不超过2.5m,以培肥地力;
C、茶叶树苗木栽种:
S1、树坑开挖,测量茶叶树苗木实际的长度,若苗木的长度在50cm-80cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的四分之一,若苗木的长度在80cm-120cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的五分之一,若苗木的长度在120cm以上,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的六分之一;
S2、茶叶树苗木栽种初期的扶持防护,采用4个铝合金材料制成的插杆,将插杆围绕苗木为中心呈圆周对称分布的排列,并且将插杆的底端插入到土壤当中,利用四根尼龙材料制成的绷带在苗木的四周进行简单的缠绕,并且最终让绷带的一端与相邻的插杆固定,以此实现对茶叶树苗木的简单固定;
D、水肥管理:
S1、在茶叶树苗木种植0-10天内,每天分早晚施肥两次,肥料为每10棵苗木共用液体肥料5000ML,水和有机肥、磷肥的比例为50:8:2;
E、病虫害处理:
S1、安装太阳能杀虫灯诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内800-2500㎡安装1盏太阳能杀虫灯;
S2、插挂黄色粘虫板诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每10-20㎡挂1张黄色粘虫板;
S3、吊挂性诱剂诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每30-60㎡挂2个性诱瓶,内置性诱剂;
S4、茶树生长期内每隔7-12天喷施一次杀虫剂,在采茶前3天再喷施一次杀虫剂,杀虫剂包括:苦楝树籽10份、辣椒4份、曼陀罗2份、丁香3份、八角5份、青蒿8份、大蒜1份、苦参6份、迷迭香6份、柠檬草5份;
S5、每隔6天全面检测茶园一次,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
实施例二
A、植物栽种前检疫:
S1、对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理;
S2、种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气4个月的沼液浸种40min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%-0.25%;
B、栽种土壤处理:
S1、土壤消毒,严格土壤消毒,暴晒土壤消毒灭菌,然后用1kg木霉培养菌、0.3kg35%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂500倍液、800kg土混合做营养土,采用营养钵育苗;
S2、每年不断地在苹果树行间种植绿肥作物,在沟内种植桂花树、结香、向日葵;桂花树、结香、向日葵与茶树的数量比例为1:6;桂花树、结香、向日葵的株距为3.5-9m,控制桂花树的高度不超过4.5m,控制结香和向日葵的高度不超过2.5m,以培肥地力;
C、茶叶树苗木栽种:
S1、树坑开挖,测量茶叶树苗木实际的长度,若苗木的长度在50cm-80cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的四分之一,若苗木的长度在80cm-120cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的五分之一,若苗木的长度在120cm以上,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的六分之一;
S2、茶叶树苗木栽种初期的扶持防护,采用4个铝合金材料制成的插杆,将插杆围绕苗木为中心呈圆周对称分布的排列,并且将插杆的底端插入到土壤当中,利用四根尼龙材料制成的绷带在苗木的四周进行简单的缠绕,并且最终让绷带的一端与相邻的插杆固定,以此实现对茶叶树苗木的简单固定;
D、水肥管理:
S1、在茶叶树苗木种植第11-第20天内,每天早上施肥一次,肥料为每10棵苗木共用液体肥料3000ML,水和有机肥、磷肥的比例为50:6:2;
E、病虫害处理:
S1、安装太阳能杀虫灯诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内800-2500㎡安装1盏太阳能杀虫灯;
S2、插挂黄色粘虫板诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每10-20㎡挂1张黄色粘虫板;
S3、吊挂性诱剂诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每30-60㎡挂2个性诱瓶,内置性诱剂;
S4、茶树生长期内每隔9天喷施一次杀虫剂,在采茶前5天再喷施一次杀虫剂,杀虫剂包括:苦楝树籽12份、辣椒5份、曼陀罗4份、丁香4份、八角7份、青蒿10份、大蒜3份、苦参8份、迷迭香8份、柠檬草7份;
S5、每隔8天全面检测茶园一次,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
实施例三
A、植物栽种前检疫:
S1、对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理;
S2、种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气6个月的沼液浸种50min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%-0.25%;
B、栽种土壤处理:
S1、土壤消毒,严格土壤消毒,暴晒土壤消毒灭菌,然后用1kg木霉培养菌、0.3kg35%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂500倍液、800kg土混合做营养土,采用营养钵育苗;
S2、每年不断地在苹果树行间种植绿肥作物,在沟内种植桂花树、结香、向日葵;桂花树、结香、向日葵与茶树的数量比例为1:6;桂花树、结香、向日葵的株距为3.5-9m,控制桂花树的高度不超过4.5m,控制结香和向日葵的高度不超过2.5m,以培肥地力;
C、茶叶树苗木栽种:
S1、树坑开挖,测量茶叶树苗木实际的长度,若苗木的长度在50cm-80cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的四分之一,若苗木的长度在80cm-120cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的五分之一,若苗木的长度在120cm以上,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的六分之一;
S2、茶叶树苗木栽种初期的扶持防护,采用4个铝合金材料制成的插杆,将插杆围绕苗木为中心呈圆周对称分布的排列,并且将插杆的底端插入到土壤当中,利用四根尼龙材料制成的绷带在苗木的四周进行简单的缠绕,并且最终让绷带的一端与相邻的插杆固定,以此实现对茶叶树苗木的简单固定;
D、水肥管理:
S1、在茶叶树苗木种植第21天-第30天内,每天分早晚施肥两次,肥料为每10棵苗木共用液体肥料1500ML,水和有机肥、磷肥的比例为50:2:1;
E、病虫害处理:
S1、安装太阳能杀虫灯诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内800-2500㎡安装1盏太阳能杀虫灯;
S2、插挂黄色粘虫板诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每10-20㎡挂1张黄色粘虫板;
S3、吊挂性诱剂诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每30-60㎡挂2个性诱瓶,内置性诱剂;
S4、茶树生长期内每隔12天喷施一次杀虫剂,在采茶前6天再喷施一次杀虫剂,杀虫剂包括:苦楝树籽14份、辣椒6份、曼陀罗6份、丁香5份、八角8份、青蒿12份、大蒜5份、苦参10份、迷迭香10份、柠檬草9份;
S5、每隔10天全面检测茶园一次,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
本发明中,区别于传统的茶叶树病虫害的防治方法,本发明从茶叶树前期的树种消毒、苗木的筛选和检疫开始,到后期的栽种地土壤的消毒,包括茶叶树苗木的栽种过程,配合栽种后,定期苗木进行维护,利用化学防治和物理防治相结合的方式,有效降低病虫害发生的几率,为茶叶树营造一个稳定、健康的生长环境,整体的防治效果好,效率高,值得后期推广。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种茶叶树病虫害防治方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
A、植物栽种前检疫:
S1、对欲要使用的茶叶树苗木或种条进行现场或产地检疫,发现带有病原、害虫的种植苗木或种条,在到达种植区以前进行处理;
S2、种子消毒,种前进行种子消毒,选用20%正常产气2-6个月的沼液浸种30-50min,洗净后催芽播种;用42%苯来特可湿性粉与8%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂拌种,用量为种子重量的0.15%-0.25%;
B、栽种土壤处理:
S1、土壤消毒,严格土壤消毒,暴晒土壤消毒灭菌,然后用1kg木霉培养菌、0.3kg35%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂500倍液、800kg土混合做营养土,采用营养钵育苗;
S2、每年不断地在苹果树行间种植绿肥作物,在沟内种植桂花树、结香、向日葵;所述桂花树、所述结香、所述向日葵与茶树的数量比例为1:6;所述桂花树、所述结香、所述向日葵的株距为3.5-9m,控制所述桂花树的高度不超过4.5m,控制所述结香和所述向日葵的高度不超过2.5m,以培肥地力;
C、茶叶树苗木栽种:
S1、树坑开挖,测量茶叶树苗木实际的长度,若苗木的长度在50cm-80cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的四分之一,若苗木的长度在80cm-120cm范围内,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的五分之一,若苗木的长度在120cm以上,树坑的深度为苗木实际长度的六分之一;
S2、茶叶树苗木栽种初期的扶持防护,采用4个铝合金材料制成的插杆,将插杆围绕苗木为中心呈圆周对称分布的排列,并且将插杆的底端插入到土壤当中,利用四根尼龙材料制成的绷带在苗木的四周进行简单的缠绕,并且最终让绷带的一端与相邻的插杆固定,以此实现对茶叶树苗木的简单固定;
D、水肥管理:
S1、在茶叶树苗木种植0-30天内,每天分早晚施肥两次,肥料为每10棵苗木共用液体肥料1500ML-5000ML,水和有机肥、磷肥的比例为50:8:6;
E、病虫害处理:
S1、安装太阳能杀虫灯诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内800-2500㎡安装1盏太阳能杀虫灯;
S2、插挂黄色粘虫板诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每10-20㎡挂1张黄色粘虫板;
S3、吊挂性诱剂诱杀病虫害:茶叶树种植区内每30-60㎡挂2个性诱瓶,内置性诱剂;
S4、茶树生长期内每隔7-12天喷施一次杀虫剂,在采茶前3-6天再喷施一次杀虫剂,所述杀虫剂包括:苦楝树籽10-14份、辣椒4-6份、曼陀罗2-6份、丁香3-5份、八角5-8份、青蒿8-12份、大蒜1-5份、苦参6-10份、迷迭香6-10份、柠檬草5-9份;
S5、每隔6-10天全面检测茶园一次,清除虫卵、减除残枝、清除病叶。
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