CN111952652A

CN111952652A - Air cooling fuel cell with elasticity and thermal-insulated end plate mechanism

Info

Publication number: CN111952652A
Application number: CN201910401456.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李伟; 胡玉凤
Original assignee: Beijing Sinohydrogen Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Sinohydrogen Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-05-14
Filing date: 2019-05-14
Publication date: 2020-11-17

Abstract

The invention discloses an air-cooled fuel cell with an elastic and heat-insulating end plate mechanism, which comprises a cell stack, a contact plate, a collector plate, an insulating plate, an end plate, a fastening rod, a fixing bolt and a main fuel manifold, wherein the outer edge of the contact plate is in contact with the surface of a concave part of the insulating plate. The contact surface of the contact plate with the end anode plate or cathode plate is horizontally or protrudingly provided to the outer peripheral portion of the insulating plate toward the inside of the stack in the stacking direction. The clamping force applied to the fuel cell stack acts on the contact plate in the stacking direction to enable the contact plate to generate elastic deformation and is used for compensating the phenomenon that the clamping force is reduced due to stress relaxation of the fuel cell stack, the contact plate is arranged between the end monocells and the collector plate, and the heat insulator arranged in the contact plate can effectively reduce the reaction heat of the end monocells to be conducted to the collector plate or the end plate, so that the temperature of the end monocells is basically consistent with that of the middle monocells, liquid water is prevented from blocking a flow channel, and the power generation efficiency of the end.

Description

Air cooling fuel cell with elasticity and thermal-insulated end plate mechanism

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to an air-cooled fuel cell with an elastic and heat-insulating end plate mechanism.

Background

A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that electrochemically reacts chemicals stored in a fuel gas and an oxidant gas

Can be directly converted into electric energy, has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and less environmental pollution, and has wide application prospect.

A fuel cell generally has a stack structure in which a plurality of unit cells are stacked, and the fuel cell is generally referred to as a fuel cell stack in the industry. Each cell has the following structure: a Membrane Electrode (MEA) and a Bipolar Plate (BP) have a gas flow path formed therebetween for supplying a reaction gas along the surface of the Membrane Electrode. The membrane electrode comprises: solid polymer electrolyte membrane, catalyst, gas diffusion layer. Wherein an anode electrode is provided on one surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane and a cathode electrode is provided on the other surface of the solid polymer electrolyte membrane. The anode and cathode electrodes each include a catalyst layer (electrode catalyst) and a gas diffusion layer (porous carbon).

The working principle is as follows:

anode: h2 → 2H + +2 e-;

cathode: 1/2O2+ H + +2e- → H2O;

and (3) battery reaction: h2+1/2O2 → H2O.

The fuel cell can be classified into an air-cooled fuel cell (hereinafter, referred to as an air-cooled fuel cell) and a liquid-cooled fuel cell due to different cooling modes, and the air-cooled fuel cell has the advantages of simple and compact structure, rapid power supply reaction and the like, so that the air-cooled fuel cell is widely applied to scenes such as a standby power supply, an unmanned power cell, a forklift power cell, a portable power supply and the like.

At present, the mainstream bipolar plate is respectively made of a graphite plate and a metal plate. The graphite bipolar plate has the defects of large volume, heavy mass, poor shock resistance and the like, and is mainly applied to scenes with lower requirements on volume and weight. The metal bipolar plate has small volume, light weight and good toughness, so the metal bipolar plate is widely applied to application scenes with sensitive volume and weight. In the metal polar plate fuel cell, because the operation temperature of the electric pile is alternately changed, the metal polar plate is easy to have stress relaxation phenomenon, so that the clamping force of the electric pile is reduced, and the power generation efficiency of the electric pile is reduced. Meanwhile, the single cells at the end part of the pile can radiate heat through the adjacent collector plates and the end plates, the operating temperature of the single cells is particularly easy to reduce, liquid water is easy to form, and the power generation efficiency is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to an air-cooled fuel cell with a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism to solve the problems set forth above in the background art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an air-cooled fuel cell with an elastic and heat-insulating end plate mechanism comprises a cell stack, a contact plate, a collector plate, an insulating plate, end plates, fastening rods, fixing bolts and a main fuel manifold channel, wherein the cell stack is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells, the contact plate, the collector plate, the insulating plate and the end plates are sequentially arranged on the upper end face and the lower end face of the cell stack from near to far, the fastening rods are arranged between the two end plates, the two end plates are fixed at the two ends of the cell stack through the fixing bolts by the fastening rods, the air-cooled fuel cell forms a stacked structure by clamping the two end plates, the symmetrical fixing bolts give clamping force to the stacked structure, and the main fuel manifold channel penetrates through the end plates, the insulating plate, the collector plate and the contact plate and is communicated with a fuel gas channel.

Preferably, the insulating plate is provided with an insulating plate groove, and the collector plate is embedded in the insulating plate groove.

Preferably, the contact plate is arranged in the groove of the insulating plate and is in contact with the outer side wall of the collector plate, and the total thickness of the contact plate and the collector plate is not less than the depth of the groove of the insulating plate.

Preferably, the contact plate comprises elastomer and insulator, the elastic plate is wave structure and is made by conducting material, the insulator is one of porous graphite heat insulating board, porous carbon fiber paper heat insulating board or spongy metal heat insulating board, and the elastomer can insulate from positive plate and negative plate heat conduction to the current collection board effectively, uses both ends monocell and other positions monocell operating temperature to tend to unanimously, prevents the formation of liquid water, improves the generating efficiency.

Preferably, the single cell comprises a membrane electrode, an anode plate and a cathode plate, the membrane electrode is sandwiched between the anode plate and the cathode plate, the anode plate and the cathode plate can be formed by punching a metal sheet, so as to form a wave shape, the metal sheet can be a titanium plate, a steel plate, a stainless steel plate, an aluminum plate and the like, and a conductive and corrosion-resistant coating needs to be coated. The graphite electrode plate can be used to replace a metal electrode plate, and the membrane electrode comprises a proton exchange membrane, an anode electrode catalyst layer, a cathode electrode catalyst layer, an anode gas diffusion layer and a cathode gas diffusion layer.

Preferably, an oxidant gas channel is arranged on one side wall of the cathode plate, a refrigerant channel is arranged on the other side wall of the cathode plate, the refrigerant channel is formed between the back surface of the oxidant gas channel on the cathode plate and the back surface of the fuel gas channel on the adjacent anode plate, and oxidant gas flows through the refrigerant channel to dissipate heat of each single battery.

Preferably, the two ends of the anode plate are integrally formed with fuel gas sealing gaskets, and the thickness of the fuel gas sealing gaskets is not less than the edge thickness of the anode plate.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: an air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and heat insulating end plate mechanism, wherein the outer edge of a contact plate is in contact with the surface of a recess of an insulating plate. The contact surface of the contact plate with the end anode plate or cathode plate is horizontally or protrudingly provided to the outer peripheral portion of the insulating plate toward the inside of the stack in the stacking direction. The clamping force applied to the fuel cell stack acts on the contact plate in the stacking direction to enable the contact plate to generate elastic deformation and is used for compensating the phenomenon that the clamping force is reduced due to stress relaxation of the fuel cell stack, the contact plate is arranged between the end monocells and the collector plate, and the heat insulator arranged in the contact plate can effectively reduce the reaction heat of the end monocells to be conducted to the collector plate or the end plate, so that the temperature of the end monocells is basically consistent with that of the middle monocells, liquid water is prevented from blocking a flow channel, and the power generation efficiency of the end.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural breakdown diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of a cell stack of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cell structure of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-cell stack, 2-contact plate, 201-elastomer, 202-insulator, 3-current collector, 4-insulator, 5-end plate, 6-fastening rod, 7-fixing bolt, 8-single cell, 9-membrane electrode, 10-anode plate, 11-cathode plate, 13-main fuel manifold, 14-fuel gas channel, 15-oxidant gas channel, 16-refrigerant channel and 17-fuel gas sealing gasket.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides an air cooling fuel cell with elasticity and thermal-insulated end plate mechanism, includes that the pile of cells 1, contact plate 2, current collection board 3, insulation board 4, end plate 5, anchorage bar 6, fixing bolt 7 and main fuel are cheng duan 13, the pile of cells is piled up by a plurality of monocells 8 and is constituteed, all be equipped with contact plate, current collection board, insulation board and end plate, two by nearly far away in proper order on the upper and lower both ends face of pile of cells be equipped with the anchorage bar between the end plate, the anchorage bar passes through fixing bolt will two the end plate is fixed in its both ends, main fuel is cheng duan runs through end plate, insulation board, current collection board and contact board and every gas channel 14 in the monocell is linked together.

Specifically, the insulating plate is provided with an insulating plate groove, and the collector plate is embedded in the insulating plate groove.

Specifically, the contact plate is arranged in the groove of the insulating plate and is in contact with the outer side wall of the collector plate, and the total thickness of the contact plate and the collector plate is not less than the depth of the groove of the insulating plate.

Specifically, the contact plate is composed of an elastic body 201 and a heat insulation body 202, the elastic plate is of a wave structure and is made of a conductive material, and the heat insulation body is one of a porous graphite heat insulation plate, a porous carbon fiber paper heat insulation plate or a sponge metal heat insulation plate.

Specifically, the unit cell is composed of a membrane electrode, an anode plate 10, and a cathode plate 11, with the membrane electrode sandwiched between the anode plate and the cathode plate.

Specifically, an oxidant gas channel 15 is provided on one side wall of the cathode plate, and a refrigerant channel 16 is provided on the other side wall of the cathode plate.

Specifically, the two ends of the anode plate are integrally formed with fuel gas gaskets 17, and the thickness of the fuel gas gaskets is not less than the edge thickness of the anode plate.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The standard parts used in the invention can be purchased from the market, the special-shaped parts can be customized according to the description of the specification and the accompanying drawings, the specific connection mode of each part adopts conventional means such as bolts, rivets, welding and the like mature in the prior art, the machines, the parts and equipment adopt conventional models in the prior art, and the circuit connection adopts the conventional connection mode in the prior art, so that the detailed description is omitted.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. The utility model provides an air cooling fuel cell with elasticity and thermal-insulated end plate mechanism, includes that battery pile (1), contact plate (2), current collection board (3), insulation board (4), end plate (5), anchorage bar (6), fixing bolt (7) and main fuel are cheng dao (13), its characterized in that: battery pile (1) is piled up by a plurality of monocells (8) and is constituteed, all be equipped with contact plate (2), collector plate (3), insulation board (4) and end plate (5), two by nearly far away on the upper and lower both ends face of battery pile (1) in proper order be equipped with anchorage bar (6) between end plate (5), anchorage bar (6) will two through fixing bolt (7) end plate (5) are fixed in its both ends, main fuel manifold way (13) run through end plate (5), insulation board (4), collector plate (3) and contact plate (2) and with every gas channel (14) in monocell (8) are linked together.

2. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: an insulating plate groove is formed in the insulating plate (4), and the collector plate (3) is embedded into the insulating plate groove.

3. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the contact plate (2) is arranged in the groove of the insulating plate and is in contact with the outer side wall of the collector plate (3), and the total thickness of the contact plate (2) and the collector plate (3) is not less than the depth of the groove of the insulating plate.

4. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the contact plate (2) comprises elastomer (201) and insulator (202), elastic plate (201) are the wave structure and make by conducting material, insulator (202) are one of porous graphite heat insulating board, porous carbon fiber paper heat insulating board or sponge state metal heat insulating board.

5. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the single cell (8) consists of a membrane electrode (9), an anode plate (10) and a cathode plate (11), and the membrane electrode (9) is clamped between the anode plate (10) and the cathode plate (11).

6. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: an oxidant gas channel (15) is arranged on one side wall of the cathode plate (11), and a refrigerant channel (16) is arranged on the other side wall of the cathode plate (11).

7. An air-cooled fuel cell having a resilient and thermally insulating end plate mechanism according to claim 5, wherein: and fuel gas sealing gaskets (17) are integrally formed at two ends of the anode plate (10), and the thickness of each fuel gas sealing gasket (17) is not less than the edge thickness of the anode plate (10).