CN111949569A - Storage device and control method and control device thereof - Google Patents
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- CN111949569A CN111949569A CN201910414896.0A CN201910414896A CN111949569A CN 111949569 A CN111949569 A CN 111949569A CN 201910414896 A CN201910414896 A CN 201910414896A CN 111949569 A CN111949569 A CN 111949569A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/08—Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
- G06F12/10—Address translation
- G06F12/1009—Address translation using page tables, e.g. page table structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F12/00—Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
- G06F12/02—Addressing or allocation; Relocation
- G06F12/0223—User address space allocation, e.g. contiguous or non contiguous base addressing
- G06F12/023—Free address space management
- G06F12/0238—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory
- G06F12/0246—Memory management in non-volatile memory, e.g. resistive RAM or ferroelectric memory in block erasable memory, e.g. flash memory
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a storage device, a control method and a control device thereof, wherein the storage device comprises a storage module, the storage module comprises a plurality of physical blocks, and the control method comprises the following steps: if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode; and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than a first erasing threshold value. In the embodiment of the invention, the wear balance is completed in the process of executing the erasing command by the user, and when the threshold condition is met, the data of the physical block with less erasing times and the data of the physical block with more erasing times are exchanged, so that the use wear of the whole physical block is balanced as a whole.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a storage technology, and in particular, to a storage device, a control method thereof, and a control apparatus thereof.
Background
Wear leveling is one of flash translation layer FTL algorithms that most solid state disk SSD products will implement. The core idea is to balance the erasing times of all physical blocks at the device end.
Wear leveling includes Dynamic Wear leveling. The existing dynamic wear balancing technology can ensure that a user preferentially uses a physical block with a small erasing frequency so as to delay the service life of the physical block at the equipment end.
However, the algorithm of dynamic wear balance is simple and not flexible enough, and only local wear balance can be ensured, and the use wear of the whole physical block cannot be balanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a storage device and a control method and a control device thereof, which are used for improving the wear balance effect of a full-disk physical block.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a storage device, wherein the storage device comprises a storage module, the storage module comprises a plurality of physical blocks, and the control method comprises the following steps:
if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode;
and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold value.
Further, the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, wherein a user data table and a system data table are stored in the flash translation layer;
the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block are moved and exchanged, and the method comprises the following steps: and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing times searched in the user data table as the first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing times searched in the system data table as the second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Further, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where an address mapping table and an erasure number table are stored in the flash translation layer, and the control method further includes: and updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
Further, before detecting that the absolute value of the difference between the erase times of at least two of the physical blocks is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, the method further includes: receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control apparatus for a storage device, where the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, and the control apparatus includes:
the mode switching module is used for switching to a wear leveling mode if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value;
and the data moving module is used for moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold value.
Further, the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, wherein a user data table and a system data table are stored in the flash translation layer;
the data moving module is configured to determine the physical block with the smallest erasing frequency found in the user data table as the first physical block, determine the physical block with the largest erasing frequency found in the system data table as the second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Further, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where an address mapping table and an erasure count table are stored in the flash translation layer, and the control apparatus further includes: and the updating table module is used for updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the detection module is used for receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a storage device, which comprises a storage module and the control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected with the storage module.
In the embodiment of the invention, a Static wear balance Static weather level mechanism is adopted, that is, when a user executes an erasing command, whether the erasing times of all physical blocks at a device end meet a condition is judged, that is, whether the erasing times of two physical blocks are greater than or equal to a first erasing threshold value exists, and if the erasing times of two physical blocks meet the condition, Static weather level is triggered and physical block data is exchanged. In the embodiment of the invention, Static wear leveling is completed in the process of executing the erasing command by a user, and when the threshold condition is met, the data of the physical block with less erasing times and the data of the physical block with more erasing times are exchanged, so that the use wear of the physical block of the whole disk is balanced as a whole.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control apparatus of a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described through embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for controlling a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the storage device may be any chip or device integrated with a storage module, for example, a solid state disk integrated with flash memory particles, and in other embodiments, the storage device may also be other devices integrated with a storage module. Here, the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, and the storage module performs data writing in units of the physical blocks. The control device integrated in the storage device in this embodiment may execute the control method, and the control device is implemented in a software and/or hardware manner.
The method for controlling the storage device provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and 110, if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of the at least two physical blocks is detected to be larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode.
In this embodiment, the control device stores the number of times of erasing each physical block for all physical blocks in the storage device, and the control device updates the number of times of erasing each physical block in time after each operation. And when the control device detects that the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of the at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, triggering the abrasion balance.
The first erase threshold is a parameter related to the number of times of physical block erasure, and is intended to equalize the number of times of physical block erasure, and therefore the first erase threshold may be a fixed value set in advance or an indefinite value that varies depending on the number of times of physical block erasure. For example, the selectable first erase threshold is equal to an average of the erase times of the plurality of physical blocks in the storage module, that is, a value obtained by summing the erase times of the physical blocks in the storage device and averaging the sum is the first erase threshold. It is further optional that the first erase threshold is equal to (m + n)/2, m being the maximum number of erases of the physical block in the storage device and n being the minimum number of erases of the physical block in the storage device. It is also optional that the first erase threshold is k, which is a fixed value. The first erase threshold may be set reasonably on the basis of ensuring that balanced use of the physical blocks can be achieved.
Optionally, before detecting that the absolute value of the difference between the erase times of the at least two physical blocks is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, the method further includes: and receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is greater than or equal to a first erasing threshold value. The first operation command in this embodiment may be an operation command such as a read operation, a write operation, or an erase operation. The control device can determine a physical block corresponding to the command according to the first operation command, then detects the full-disk physical blocks at the equipment end, and detects whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value. The purpose of using the operation command received by the storage device as the trigger condition for detecting the physical block erasing times is to avoid the storage device from occupying the user erasing time due to frequent wear leveling. Optionally, the wear-leveling data exchange is performed after the first operation command is executed.
And step 120, moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than a first erasing threshold value.
In this embodiment, after triggering the wear leveling, the control device may select the first physical block and the second physical block that execute the wear leveling mechanism from the plurality of physical blocks, and perform moving exchange, thereby implementing balanced use of the first physical block and the second physical block. Specifically, two physical blocks in which the absolute value of the difference between the erase times is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold are determined as a first physical block and a second physical block, respectively, and then data in the first physical block and the second physical block are exchanged. It should be noted that there may be a plurality of physical blocks in the storage device whose absolute value of the difference between the erase times is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, and at least two of the physical blocks may be selected as the first physical block and the second physical block for data exchange, which is not limited in the present invention.
Optionally, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where the user data table and the system data table are stored in the flash translation layer; the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block are moved and exchanged, and the method comprises the following steps: and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing frequency searched in the user data table as a first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing frequency searched in the system data table as a second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block. In this embodiment, a user data table and a system data table are stored in the flash translation layer, each physical block address and the erasing times of the user data are stored in the user data table, and each physical block address and the erasing times of the system data are stored in the system data table. The firmware of the storage device is system data, the address and the erasing times of the physical block to which the firmware belongs are recorded in a system data table, and when the control device executes operation, the firmware needs to be read out from the system physical block and executed, so that the update and erasing opportunities of the system data stored in the system data physical block recorded in the system data table are mostly hot data, and the erasing value is large; on the contrary, the user data stored in the user data physical block recorded in the user data table is updated and erased as cold data less frequently, and the erase value is small. Obviously, the physical block of user data with the smallest erase count recorded in the user data table and the physical block of system data with the largest erase count recorded in the system data table have larger absolute value of difference of erase counts, and can be used as the first physical block and the second physical block for wear leveling. Therefore, the difference of the erasing times in the physical block can be reduced, and a good abrasion balance effect is achieved.
Optionally, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where an address mapping table and an erasure number table are stored in the flash translation layer, and the control method further includes: and updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
In this embodiment, an address mapping table and an erasure number table are stored in the flash translation layer, where the address mapping table stores mappings between logical addresses and physical addresses of valid data in each physical block in the storage device, and the erasure number table stores mappings between physical addresses and erasure numbers of each physical block in the storage device. The wear balance enables the data of at least two physical blocks to be exchanged, and the mapping of the logical address and the physical address of the exchanged data is changed, so that the address mapping table needs to be updated, so as to facilitate correct reading and writing of the erasing data in subsequent operations. And if the wear balance enables the data of at least two physical blocks to be exchanged, the mapping between the erasing times and the physical addresses of the exchanged physical blocks is changed, so that the erasing times table needs to be updated so as to correctly record the erasing times of the physical blocks in subsequent operations.
In this embodiment, a Static wear leveling mechanism is adopted, that is, when a user executes an erase command, it is first determined whether the erase times of all physical blocks at the device side satisfy a condition, that is, whether the erase times of two physical blocks are greater than or equal to a first erase threshold, and if the condition is satisfied, Static wear leveling is triggered and physical block data is exchanged. In this embodiment, Static wear is completed when a user executes an erase-write command, and when a threshold condition is satisfied, data of a physical block with a small number of erase times and data of a physical block with a large number of erase times are exchanged, so that the use wear of the physical block of the entire disk is balanced as a whole.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a control apparatus for a storage device, where the control apparatus can execute the control method described in any of the above embodiments. The storage device includes a storage module including a plurality of physical blocks.
The control device of the storage device provided by the embodiment comprises: a mode switching module 210, configured to switch to a wear leveling mode if it is detected that an absolute value of a difference between the erase times of the at least two physical blocks is greater than or equal to a first erase threshold; the data moving module 220 is configured to move and exchange data of the first physical block and data of the second physical block, where the number of times of erasing the first physical block and the number of times of erasing the second physical block are greater than a first erasing threshold.
Optionally, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where the user data table and the system data table are stored in the flash translation layer; the data moving module 220 is configured to determine the physical block with the smallest erase frequency found in the user data table as a first physical block, determine the physical block with the largest erase frequency found in the system data table as a second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Optionally, the storage device further includes a flash translation layer, where an address mapping table and an erasure number table are stored in the flash translation layer, and the control apparatus further includes: and the updating table module is used for updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
Optionally, the control device further includes: the detection module is used for receiving the first operation command, determining the physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value. Wherein, the detection module executes the program before the mode switching module.
The specific flow of the control device provided in this embodiment is as follows: scanning a cold data area in a user data table, and finding out a user physical block with the minimum PEC value of the erasing times; scanning a system data table to find out a system physical block with the maximum PEC value; copying data from the found user physical block to a system physical block; erasing the original user physical block, and then exchanging the original user physical block with the data of the system physical block; updating an address mapping table between the logical address and the physical address; and finally, updating the erasure number table and storing the address mapping table and the erasure number table into a flash translation layer of the storage device.
The control apparatus provided in this embodiment adopts a Static wear leveling mechanism, that is, when a user executes an erase command, it is first determined whether the erase times of all physical blocks at the device end satisfy a condition, that is, whether the erase times of two physical blocks are greater than or equal to a first erase threshold, and if the condition is satisfied, Static wear leveling is triggered and physical block data is exchanged. In this embodiment, Static wear is completed when a user executes an erase-write command, and when a threshold condition is satisfied, data of a physical block with a small number of erase times and data of a physical block with a large number of erase times are exchanged, so that the use wear of the physical block of the entire disk is balanced as a whole.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage device, where the storage device includes a storage module and the control device described in any of the above embodiments, and the control device is electrically connected to the storage module. The optional storage module is a NAND Flash memory NAND Flash, and the storage device is a Solid State Disk (SSD).
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious modifications, rearrangements, combinations and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of a storage device, wherein the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, the control method comprising:
if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode;
and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold value.
2. The control method of claim 1, wherein the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, wherein the flash translation layer stores therein a user data table and a system data table;
the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block are moved and exchanged, and the method comprises the following steps: and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing times searched in the user data table as the first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing times searched in the system data table as the second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
3. The control method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, the flash translation layer storing therein an address mapping table and an erasure count table, the control method further comprising: and updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before detecting that the absolute value of the difference between the erase times of at least two of the physical blocks is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, the method further comprises: receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
5. A control apparatus of a storage device, wherein the storage device includes a storage module including a plurality of physical blocks, the control apparatus comprising:
the mode switching module is used for switching to a wear leveling mode if the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value;
and the data moving module is used for moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold value.
6. The control apparatus of claim 5, wherein the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, the flash translation layer having a user data table and a system data table stored therein;
the data moving module is configured to determine the physical block with the smallest erasing frequency found in the user data table as the first physical block, determine the physical block with the largest erasing frequency found in the system data table as the second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
7. The control apparatus of claim 5, wherein the storage device further comprises a flash translation layer, the flash translation layer having an address mapping table and an erasure count table stored therein, the control apparatus further comprising: and the updating table module is used for updating the address mapping table and the erasure number table.
8. The control device according to claim 5, characterized by further comprising: the detection module is used for receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the absolute value of the difference value of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
9. A memory device, characterized in that the memory device comprises a memory module and a control means according to any of claims 5-8, which control means is electrically connected to the memory module.
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