CN111949201A - Storage device and control method and control device thereof - Google Patents
Storage device and control method and control device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111949201A CN111949201A CN201910412956.5A CN201910412956A CN111949201A CN 111949201 A CN111949201 A CN 111949201A CN 201910412956 A CN201910412956 A CN 201910412956A CN 111949201 A CN111949201 A CN 111949201A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0655—Vertical data movement, i.e. input-output transfer; data movement between one or more hosts and one or more storage devices
- G06F3/0658—Controller construction arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0638—Organizing or formatting or addressing of data
- G06F3/064—Management of blocks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0646—Horizontal data movement in storage systems, i.e. moving data in between storage devices or systems
- G06F3/0647—Migration mechanisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0628—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems making use of a particular technique
- G06F3/0646—Horizontal data movement in storage systems, i.e. moving data in between storage devices or systems
- G06F3/0652—Erasing, e.g. deleting, data cleaning, moving of data to a wastebasket
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/06—Digital input from, or digital output to, record carriers, e.g. RAID, emulated record carriers or networked record carriers
- G06F3/0601—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems
- G06F3/0668—Interfaces specially adapted for storage systems adopting a particular infrastructure
- G06F3/0671—In-line storage system
- G06F3/0673—Single storage device
- G06F3/0679—Non-volatile semiconductor memory device, e.g. flash memory, one time programmable memory [OTP]
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a storage device, a control method and a control device thereof, wherein the storage device comprises a storage module, the storage module comprises a plurality of physical blocks, and the control method comprises the following steps: if the number of times of erasing the physical block is detected to be larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode; and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are smaller than a first erasing threshold value, and the erasing times of the second physical block are larger than the first erasing threshold value. In the embodiment of the invention, the data of the first physical block and the second physical block are exchanged, and the frequently updated data are moved to the first physical block, so that the erasing chances of the first physical block are increased, and the erasing chances of the second physical block are reduced, thereby reducing the erasing times difference of at least two physical blocks, improving the wear balance effect, achieving the balanced use of the physical blocks, reducing the loss degree of the physical blocks and prolonging the service life of the physical blocks at the equipment end.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a storage technology, and in particular, to a storage device, a control method thereof, and a control apparatus thereof.
Background
Wear leveling is one of flash translation layer FTL algorithms that most solid state disk SSD products will implement. The core idea is to balance the erasing times of all physical blocks at the device end.
In the prior art, a random algorithm is adopted to execute a wear leveling mechanism, and a certain physical block is randomly selected to perform an erasing operation according to a uniform distribution probability. Whether the physical blocks store the 'cold' data or the 'hot' data, the probability of each physical block being erased is equal, and then the valid data in the original block is copied to the empty block to erase the block.
Obviously, the algorithm effect is greatly influenced by random factors, and the erasing times of each block cannot reach equal probability, so that a good wear balance effect cannot be achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a storage device and a control method and a control device thereof, which are used for improving the wear balance effect.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a storage device, wherein the storage device comprises a storage module, the storage module comprises a plurality of physical blocks, and the control method comprises the following steps:
if the number of times of erasing the physical block is detected to be larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode;
and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are smaller than the first erasing threshold value, and the erasing times of the second physical block are larger than the first erasing threshold value.
Further, the first erase threshold is equal to an average number of times of erasing a plurality of physical blocks in the memory module.
Further, the moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block includes:
and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as the first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as the second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Further, before detecting that the number of times of erasing the physical block is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, the method further includes:
receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is greater than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a control apparatus for a storage device, where the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, and the control apparatus includes:
the mode switching module is used for switching to a wear leveling mode if the fact that the erasing times of the physical block are larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value is detected;
and the data moving module is used for moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are less than the first erasing threshold, and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold.
Further, the first erase threshold is equal to an average number of times of erasing a plurality of physical blocks in the memory module.
Further, the data moving module is specifically configured to determine a physical block with a minimum erase frequency among the plurality of physical blocks as the first physical block, determine a physical block with a maximum erase frequency among the plurality of physical blocks as the second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Further, still include:
the detection module is used for receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides a storage device, which comprises a storage module and the control device, wherein the control device is electrically connected with the storage module.
In the embodiment of the invention, a deterministic algorithm is adopted to judge whether the segment triggers wear leveling according to whether the erasing times of the physical blocks in the storage equipment are greater than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, and after a wear leveling mode is triggered, data of a first physical block with the erasing times smaller than the first erasing threshold value and data of a second physical block with the erasing times greater than the first erasing threshold value are exchanged. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a first physical block, obtaining a second physical block, updating data of the second physical block to obtain a plurality of erasing opportunities, and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the second physical block are large, so that the data of the second physical block are updated frequently to obtain more erasing opportunities, the erasing times of the first physical block are small, so that the data of the first physical block are updated frequently moved to the first physical block, the erasing opportunities of the first physical block are increased, otherwise, the erasing opportunities of the second physical block are reduced, the difference of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks in the storage device is reduced, the wear balance effect is improved, the balanced use of the physical blocks is achieved, the loss degree of the physical blocks is reduced, and the service life of the physical blocks at the device end is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief description will be given below of the drawings required for the embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control apparatus of a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described through embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowchart of a method for controlling a storage device according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, where the storage device may be any chip or device integrated with a storage module, for example, a solid state disk integrated with flash memory particles, and in other embodiments, the storage device may also be other devices integrated with a storage module. Here, the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, and the storage module performs data writing in units of the physical blocks. The control device integrated in the storage device in this embodiment may execute the control method, and the control device is implemented in a software and/or hardware manner.
The method for controlling the storage device provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
and 110, if the number of times of erasing the physical block is detected to be larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode.
In this embodiment, the control device stores the number of times of erasing each physical block for all physical blocks in the storage device, and the control device updates the number of times of erasing each physical block in time after each operation. And when the control device detects that the erasing times of the physical block are greater than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, triggering abrasion balance.
The first erase threshold is a parameter related to the number of times of physical block erasure, and is intended to equalize the number of times of physical block erasure, and therefore the first erase threshold may be a fixed value set in advance or an indefinite value that varies depending on the number of times of physical block erasure. For example, the selectable first erase threshold is equal to an average of the erase times of the plurality of physical blocks in the storage module, that is, a value obtained by summing the erase times of the physical blocks in the storage device and averaging the sum is the first erase threshold. It is further optional that the first erase threshold is equal to (m + n)/2, m being the maximum number of erases of the physical block in the storage device and n being the minimum number of erases of the physical block in the storage device. It is also optional that the first erase threshold is k, which is a fixed value. The first erase threshold may be set reasonably on the basis of ensuring that balanced use of the physical blocks can be achieved.
Optionally, before detecting that the number of times of erasing the physical block is greater than or equal to the first erase threshold, the method further includes: and receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is greater than or equal to a first erasing threshold value. The first operation command in this embodiment may be any operation command for the storage device, such as a read operation, a write operation, or an erase operation. The control device can determine a physical block corresponding to the command according to the first operation command and then detect whether the erasing times of the physical block are larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value. The purpose of using the operation command received by the storage device as the trigger condition for detecting the physical block erasing times is to avoid the storage device from occupying the user erasing time due to frequent wear leveling. Optionally, the wear-leveling data exchange is performed after the first operation command is executed.
And step 120, moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are smaller than a first erasing threshold value, and the erasing times of the second physical block are larger than the first erasing threshold value.
In this embodiment, after triggering the wear leveling, the control device may select the first physical block and the second physical block that execute the wear leveling mechanism from the plurality of physical blocks, and perform moving exchange, thereby implementing balanced use of the first physical block and the second physical block. Specifically, at least one physical block in which the number of times of erasure is smaller than a first erasure threshold is determined as a first physical block, at least one physical block in which the number of times of erasure is larger than the first erasure threshold is determined as a second physical block, and then data in the first physical block and the second physical block are exchanged. It should be noted that there may be a plurality of physical blocks in the storage device, where the number of times of erasing is less than the first erasing threshold, at least one of the physical blocks may be selected as the first physical block, or a physical block with the smallest number of times of erasing may be selected as the first physical block; if there may be a plurality of physical blocks in the storage device, which have the erase times greater than the first erase threshold, at least one of the physical blocks may be selected as the second physical block, or the physical block having the largest erase times may be selected as the second physical block, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
Optionally, the moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block includes: and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as a first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as a second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block. Therefore, the difference of the erasing times in the physical block can be reduced, and a good abrasion balance effect is achieved.
In this embodiment, a deterministic algorithm is used to determine whether a segment triggers wear leveling according to whether the number of times of erasing physical blocks in the storage device is greater than or equal to a first erase threshold, and after a wear leveling mode is triggered, data of a first physical block with the number of times of erasing being less than the first erase threshold and data of a second physical block with the number of times of erasing being greater than the first erase threshold are exchanged. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a first physical block, obtaining a second physical block, updating data of the second physical block to obtain a plurality of erasing opportunities, and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the second physical block are large, so that the data of the second physical block are updated frequently to obtain more erasing opportunities, the erasing times of the first physical block are small, so that the data of the first physical block are updated frequently moved to the first physical block, the erasing opportunities of the first physical block are increased, otherwise, the erasing opportunities of the second physical block are reduced, the difference of the erasing times of at least two physical blocks in the storage device is reduced, the wear balance effect is improved, the balanced use of the physical blocks is achieved, the loss degree of the physical blocks is reduced, and the service life of the physical blocks at the device end is prolonged.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a control apparatus for a storage device, where the control apparatus can execute the control method described in any of the above embodiments. The storage device includes a storage module including a plurality of physical blocks.
The control device of the storage device provided by the embodiment comprises: a mode switching module 210, configured to switch to a wear leveling mode if it is detected that the number of times of erasing the physical block is greater than or equal to a first erase threshold; the data moving module 220 is configured to move and exchange data of the first physical block and data of the second physical block, where the number of times of erasing the first physical block is smaller than a first erasing threshold, and the number of times of erasing the second physical block is larger than the first erasing threshold.
The optional first erase threshold is equal to an average number of erases of a plurality of physical blocks in the memory module.
The optional data moving module is specifically configured to determine a physical block with the smallest erase count among the multiple physical blocks as a first physical block, determine a physical block with the largest erase count among the multiple physical blocks as a second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
Optionally, the control device further comprises: the detection module is used for receiving the first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value.
In this embodiment, a wear leveling mechanism is implemented using a deterministic algorithm. The second physical block has a large erasing frequency, which indicates that the data of the second physical block is frequently updated to obtain more erasing opportunities, and the first physical block has a small erasing frequency, which indicates that the data of the first physical block is rarely updated and rarely obtains the erasing opportunities.
In the prior art, a random algorithm is adopted to execute a wear leveling mechanism, and a certain physical block is randomly selected to perform an erasing operation according to a uniform distribution probability. Whether the physical blocks store the 'cold' data or the 'hot' data, the probability of each physical block being erased is equal, and then the valid data in the original block is copied to the empty block to erase the block. Obviously, the algorithm effect is greatly influenced by random factors, and the erasing times of each block cannot reach equal probability, so that a good wear balance effect cannot be achieved.
In this embodiment, by the method, data is written into different physical blocks in the memory each time, so that balanced use of the physical blocks is achieved, the service life of the device-side physical block is prolonged, the device physical block can be used to the maximum extent, the degree of loss is reduced, and the longest service life of the device is prolonged.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage device, where the storage device includes a storage module and the control device described in any of the above embodiments, and the control device is electrically connected to the storage module. The optional storage module is a NAND Flash memory NAND Flash, and the storage device is a Solid State Disk (SSD).
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious modifications, rearrangements, combinations and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A control method of a storage device, wherein the storage device includes a storage module, the storage module includes a plurality of physical blocks, the control method comprising:
if the number of times of erasing the physical block is detected to be larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value, switching to a wear leveling mode;
and carrying out moving exchange on the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are smaller than the first erasing threshold value, and the erasing times of the second physical block are larger than the first erasing threshold value.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first erase threshold is equal to an average number of erases of a plurality of physical blocks in the memory module.
3. The control method according to claim 1, wherein the moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block comprises:
and determining the physical block with the minimum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as the first physical block, determining the physical block with the maximum erasing times in the plurality of physical blocks as the second physical block, and exchanging data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein before detecting that the number of times the physical block is erased is greater than or equal to a first erase threshold, the method further comprises:
receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is greater than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
5. A control apparatus of a storage device, wherein the storage device includes a storage module including a plurality of physical blocks, the control apparatus comprising:
the mode switching module is used for switching to a wear leveling mode if the fact that the erasing times of the physical block are larger than or equal to a first erasing threshold value is detected;
and the data moving module is used for moving and exchanging the data of the first physical block and the data of the second physical block, wherein the erasing times of the first physical block are less than the first erasing threshold, and the erasing times of the second physical block are greater than the first erasing threshold.
6. The control device of claim 5, wherein the first erase threshold is equal to an average number of erases of a plurality of physical blocks in the memory module.
7. The control device according to claim 5, wherein the data moving module is specifically configured to determine a physical block with a smallest number of times of erasure from among the plurality of physical blocks as the first physical block, determine a physical block with a largest number of times of erasure from among the plurality of physical blocks as the second physical block, and exchange data of the first physical block and the second physical block.
8. The control device according to claim 5, characterized by further comprising:
the detection module is used for receiving a first operation command, determining a physical block corresponding to the first operation command, and then detecting whether the erasing times of the physical block is larger than or equal to the first erasing threshold.
9. A memory device, characterized in that the memory device comprises a memory module and a control means according to any of claims 5-8, which control means is electrically connected to the memory module.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113407126A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-09-17 | 苏州浪潮智能科技有限公司 | Wear leveling method, device, equipment and readable storage medium |
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| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: Room 101, Floor 1-5, Building 8, Yard 9, Fenghao East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100094 Applicant after: Zhaoyi Innovation Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 100083 12 Floors, Block A, Tiangong Building, Science and Technology University, 30 College Road, Haidian District, Beijing Applicant before: GIGADEVICE SEMICONDUCTOR(BEIJING) Inc. |