CN111948698B - Satellite-borne intermediate-energy proton detector - Google Patents
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- CN111948698B CN111948698B CN202010651487.5A CN202010651487A CN111948698B CN 111948698 B CN111948698 B CN 111948698B CN 202010651487 A CN202010651487 A CN 202010651487A CN 111948698 B CN111948698 B CN 111948698B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a medium energy proton detector, which comprises a probe and an electronics part, wherein the probe is used for outputting charge pulses of medium energy protons to the electronics part; the detection energy range of the intermediate energy proton is 20 KeV-5 MeV; and the electronic part is used for processing the received charge pulse and obtaining the energy of the intermediate energy protons by analyzing the amplitude of the pulse signal. The detector can realize that the detection range of the medium-energy protons is as low as 20KeV, the detector is upwards connected with the detection energy section of the high-energy protons, and the detector is downwards partially overlapped with the detection energy section of the plasma, so that full-spectrum seamless measurement, fine energy spectrum and high-direction resolution measurement can be realized, the energy transfer and distribution state change of space particles can be monitored, the detector has important significance for researching magnetic tail ground energy transportation and global radiation environment modeling, and meanwhile, the detector can early warn solar proton events.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aerospace, in particular to a satellite-borne medium-energy proton detector.
Background
The medium energy proton detector (with the energy range of 20 KeV-5 MeV) is easy to be polluted by other particles and sunlight because the deposition energy of the detected particles in the sensor is extremely low (the lower limit of the deposition energy is 10 KeV), and the realization difficulty is high, so that the medium energy proton detector is not carried on a space shuttle in China at present.
The current similar load is mainly a high-energy particle detector, including high-energy proton, electron and heavy ion detectors, etc., the detection energy section of the high-energy proton and heavy ion is above 5MeV, and the detection range of the high-energy electron is generally more than 200KeV; in addition, current particle radiation detectors are typically at 10 in count rate 5 Per s, saturation is extremely high in spatial environment events such as magnetic storm, solar proton events.
The reasons for restricting the development of the load to the low-energy detection range are many, and the design of a noise suppression circuit, a signal shaping circuit, a high-voltage circuit and an anti-particle interference and anti-light pollution design are included besides the selection of a sensor and a front-end circuit, so that the design requirements of the satellite load cannot be met at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects and designs a medium-energy proton detector which can be carried on a satellite for use.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a medium energy proton detector, which comprises a probe and an electronics part,
the probe is used for carrying out front-end signal processing on the charge pulse of the intermediate energy proton and outputting the processed charge pulse to the electronics part; the detection energy range of the intermediate energy proton is 20 KeV-5 MeV;
and the electronic part is used for processing the received charge pulse and obtaining the energy of the intermediate energy protons by analyzing the amplitude of the pulse signal.
As an improvement of the device, the probe comprises a probe shell, three built-in independent detection units and a front-end processing module, wherein each detection unit is of a small-hole imaging structure and comprises a collimator, a deflection magnet, a backscatter device and six sensors;
the collimator is arranged outside the probe shell and used for enabling charged particles to enter the shell;
the deflection magnet is used for deflecting the energetic electrons so that the energetic electrons cannot be incident into the sensor,
the backscatter means for reducing the number of charged particles that enter the sensor by reflection;
the six sensors are divided into three groups, each group comprises 2 sensors at the upper part and the lower part, the detection view field of 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees is realized, the view field of each detection unit is 20 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, and the detection view fields of the three detection units are spliced to realize the detection range of 20 degrees multiplied by 180 degrees;
the front-end processing module comprises 18 paths of front-end amplifying circuits and a common circuit board; the 18 paths of front discharge circuits are respectively connected with 18 sensors, and the common circuit board is provided with 18 paths of forming and main discharge circuits; the front-end amplifier circuit is used for converting charge signals generated after protons enter the sensor into voltage signals; the shaping and main discharging circuit is used for shaping and amplifying the voltage signal.
As an improvement of the above device, the sensor is an ion implantation type semiconductor sensor; in each group of sensors, one sensor is used as a pulse amplitude analyzer for energy level division, and the other sensor is used as an anti-coincidence detector for eliminating interference of high-energy protons and high-energy electrons.
As an improvement of the above device, the electronics section includes: electronics case and built-in five circuit boards, five circuit boards include: the digital display device comprises a first analog board, a second analog board, a power supply board, a digital board and a mother board;
the first analog board is used for setting a 12-path peak-hold circuit and a 12-path trigger circuit which are connected with 2 detection units; the second analog board is used for setting a 6-path peak-hold circuit, a 6-path trigger circuit and a one-path high-voltage circuit which are connected with 1 detection unit;
the peak protection circuit is used for forming the voltage pulse signals output by the forming and main discharging circuit into pulse height signals which can be collected; the trigger circuit is used for outputting a trigger signal when the signal amplitude exceeds a set threshold value;
the power panel is used for setting a power circuit, converting a primary power supply provided by the satellite and providing working voltage for each circuit;
the digital board is provided with 6A/D collectors, an FPGA, a memory and 422 interface circuits; one detection unit corresponds to two A/D collectors; after each A/D collector receives a trigger signal output by a trigger circuit, the pulse height signal output by a peak protection circuit corresponding to the trigger circuit is collected; the FPGA is used for carrying out amplitude analysis on the pulse heights output by the 6A/D collectors to determine the energy and energy level of incident particles, and is also used for packing data to form a complete data packet, storing the data packet into a memory and sending the data packet to a satellite platform through a 422 interface;
the motherboard is used for arranging corresponding connectors of other 4 circuit boards and transmitting signals among the circuit boards.
As a modification of the above device, the probe housing and the electronics box are separated by a 1mm thick polyimide gasket, the probe housing is connected to signal ground, and the electronics box is connected to signal ground through a 5M ohm resistor.
As an improvement of the device, the electronic box is connected with external equipment through a 38-core connector to supply power to the detector and output data.
As an improvement of the device, the electronic box is provided with a 26-core connector and a 38-core connector for connecting the other probe in parallel through a cable.
The electronic box is connected with external equipment through a 38-core connector and used for carrying out power supply input and data output on the detector; the electronics box reserves a 26-core and a 38-core connector for connecting another probe in parallel via a cable.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the detector of the invention realizes the energy lower limit measurement of 20KeV through electromagnetic compatibility design and circuit design;
2. the detector of the invention is implemented 10 by a shaped circuit design 6 Count rate of counts/s;
3. the detector of the invention effectively eliminates protons and other particles outside the detection energy range, and is insensitive to optical signals;
4. the detector of the invention adopts a working mode of combining a magnet and a backscattering device with a sensor to realize particle interference resistance;
5. the detector can realize that the detection range of the intermediate energy proton is as low as 20KeV, the intermediate energy proton is upwards connected with the detection energy section of the high-energy proton and is downwards partially overlapped with the detection energy section of the plasma, full-spectrum seamless measurement, fine energy spectrum and high-direction resolution measurement can be realized, so that the energy transfer and distribution state change of space particles can be monitored, the detector has important significance for researching magnetic tail ground energy transfer and global radiation environment modeling, and meanwhile, the detector can perform early warning and current report on a solar proton event;
6. the intermediate energy proton detector is already arranged on aircrafts such as wind cloud No. three satellites, wind cloud No. four satellites, chinese space station experiment cabins and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic of an intermediate energy proton detector of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional view of an intermediate energy proton detector of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the probe configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of a detection unit of the intermediate energy proton detector of the present invention;
FIG. 5 illustrates the composition and connection of a mid-energy proton detector according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a portion of the electronics of an intermediate energy proton detector of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a key circuit schematic diagram of the medium energy proton detector of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Product index description
TABLE 1 summary of energy proton detector indices
2. Composition and connection relation
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a medium energy proton detector including a probe head and an electronics portion. The probe comprises a probe shell, three independent probe units and a front end signal processing circuit thereof, and the electronic part comprises: the electronic box and the five built-in circuit boards are used for processing output signals of the probe and are also responsible for external interfaces, including data transmission and power input with external equipment.
The probe shell and the electronic box are separated by a polyimide gasket with the thickness of 1mm, the probe shell is connected with a signal ground, and the electronic box is connected with the signal ground through a 5M ohm resistor; the electronic box is connected with external equipment through a 38-core connector and is used for power supply input and data output of the computer; the electronic box is provided with a 26-core connector and a 38-core connector, and can be connected with another probe in parallel through a cable, so that the detection of medium energy protons in more directions is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, each detection unit is of a "pinhole imaging" structure, and includes a collimator, a deflection magnet, a backscatter device, and six sensors; the collimator is arranged outside the probe shell and used for enabling the charged particles to enter the shell; the six sensors are divided into three groups, each group comprises 2 sensors at the upper part and the lower part, and the detection view field of 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees is realized, so that the view field of each detection unit is 20 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, and the detection view fields of the three detection units are spliced to realize the detection range of 20 degrees multiplied by 180 degrees.
The function of the deflection magnet is to eliminate the interference of the medium-low energy electrons on the measurement of the medium-energy proton probe. For the intermediate energy protons and the intermediate energy electrons with the same energy, the energy loss of the intermediate energy protons and the intermediate energy electrons in the silicon semiconductor sensor is the same, and the intermediate energy protons and the intermediate energy electrons cannot be identified on a circuit, so that the intermediate energy electrons are deflected by using a deflection magnet inside an instrument and cannot enter the silicon sensor, and the aim of eliminating interference is fulfilled.
The deflecting magnet is of a permanent magnet magic ring structure, and the parameters are shown in table 2:
table 2: magnet parameter table
| Parameter(s) | Inner diameter | Outside diameter | Height of | Field intensity |
| Numerical value | 14mm | 24mm | 10mm | 4000Gs |
Backscatter means for reducing the number of charged particles that enter the sensor by reflection;
the output signal of each detection unit enters a front discharge circuit, and the front discharge circuit is converted into a voltage signal and then outputs the voltage signal to a forming circuit and an amplifying circuit. These circuits are all laid out in the probe section, and the circuit of the probe unit is shown in fig. 4.
The ion implantation type semiconductor sensor has a good energy resolution and is a mainstream sensor used at present. Specific indices of the sensor are shown in table 3. The thickness of the sensor is 300 μm. The area diameter of the sensor affects the geometry factor of the instrument, i.e. the ability of the instrument to accept particles, and the area of the sensor in a proton probe is 8 x 8mm.
Table 3: characteristic parameter of sensor
The sensors D1 and D2 of each group are connected with an independent amplifying circuit, the D1 sensor is used as a pulse amplitude analyzer for dividing energy levels, the D2 sensor is used as an anti-coincidence detector for eliminating the interference of high-energy protons and high-energy electrons, and the working mode of the sensors is D1 ·
Each sensor is connected with a set of electronic processing circuit, so that the total number of the sensors is 18. The electronic processing circuit comprises a front amplifier circuit, a forming and main amplifier circuit, a peak-to-peak protection circuit, a power supply circuit, 6A/D collectors, a high-voltage circuit, an FPGA, a memory and 422 interfaces; as shown in fig. 5. One detection unit corresponds to two A/D collectors.
The electronic part of the medium energy proton detector processes and collects the medium energy particle signals output by the probe. The high voltage of the sensor is provided by a high-voltage circuit, the basic flow is that the intermediate energy protons generate charge signals after entering the sensor, the charge signals are converted into voltage signals through a pre-amplification circuit, a forming circuit and a main amplification circuit, the signals are amplified at the same time, then voltage pulse signals form pulse height capable of being collected through a peak protection circuit, an A/D collector collects the pulse height, and the pulse height represents the incident energy of particles; and finally, the FPGA packages the data to form a complete data packet. The basic functions and data processing of the electronics section are shown in fig. 6.
The electronics portion includes: electronics case and built-in five circuit boards, five circuit boards include: the digital display device comprises a first analog board, a second analog board, a power supply board, a digital board and a mother board;
the first analog board is used for setting 12 paths of peak-hold circuits and 12 paths of trigger circuits which are connected with 2 detection units; the second analog board is used for setting 6 paths of peak protection circuits, 6 paths of trigger circuits and one path of high-voltage circuit which are connected with 1 detection unit;
the peak protection circuit is used for forming the voltage pulse signals output by the forming and main discharging circuit into pulse height signals which can be collected; the trigger circuit is used for outputting a trigger signal when the signal amplitude exceeds a set threshold value;
the power panel is used for setting a power circuit, converting a primary power supply provided by the satellite and providing working voltage for each circuit;
the digital board is provided with 6A/D collectors, an FPGA, a memory and 422 interface circuits; one detection unit corresponds to two A/D collectors; after each A/D collector receives a trigger signal output by a trigger circuit, collecting a pulse height signal output by a peak protection circuit corresponding to the trigger circuit; the FPGA is used for carrying out amplitude analysis on the pulse heights output by the 6A/D collectors to determine the energy and energy level of incident particles, and is also used for packing data to form a complete data packet, storing the data packet into a memory and sending the data packet to a satellite platform through a 422 interface;
and the mother board is used for arranging corresponding connectors of other 4 circuit boards and carrying out signal transmission among the circuit boards.
The service conditions of the main components of the intermediate energy proton detector are shown in table 4:
table 4: list of major electronic components
| Serial number | Name of component | Specification and model | |
| 1 | Charge sensitive front amplifier | A250F | |
| 2 | Filter shaping | OP467AY | |
| 3 | Main amplifier | OP467AY | |
| 4 | Peak-protection circuit | MLT9821 | |
| 5 | Transformer (high pressure) | HYL6267 | |
| 6 | Trigger circuit | AD8561 | |
| 7 | ADC acquisition | B9243 | |
| 8 | Power supply module | SVSA2812D | |
| 9 | Power | SVSA285R2S | |
| 10 | FPGA | A54SX72A-CQ208B | |
| 11 | Storing | 3DSR32M32VS8504 | |
| 12 | 422 interface chip | AM26C31MJB | |
| 13 | 422 interface chip | AM26C32MJB |
Front-end electronics is the key to achieving detection indexes:
the signals of the detection units (collimator + magnet + backscatter device + sensor + front-end circuit) are output to a common circuit board for shaping and amplification, and the front-end circuit is shown in fig. 7:
in the figure: cf =0.25pf, rf =1g Ω, R1= R3= R4= R5=1K Ω, R2=20K Ω, C1= C3=200pf, C2=10pf, C4=100pf, τ =0.2us
When t =2.4 τ =0.48us, the signal takes the maximum value, the amplification of the front-end circuit:
A＝1108mV/MeV
for a deposition energy of 10KeV, the signal output is 11mV, and the measurement of the lower energy limit can be realized. At this time, the signal approaches Gaussian waveform, the time period of the whole signal is 1us, and 10 can be realized 6 Count rate of counts/s.
3. The detection process of the detector of the invention is as follows:
when charged particles are respectively injected into the three detection units through the three collimators, the charged particles firstly pass through the magnetic field of the permanent magnet magic ring, the medium-low energy electrons deviate from the sensors, then energy is deposited in each group of sensors, corresponding electron-hole pairs are generated in an ionization mode, and the electron-hole pairs are collected to the output end under the action of a high-voltage electric field and generate charge pulses. The charge pulse height is proportional to the energy of particle deposition in the semiconductor detector. The type and energy of the incident particles can be judged by analyzing the amplitude of the pulse signal generated by the energy of the incident particles deposited in each sensor.
The medium energy proton detector solves the following technical problems:
for the problem of energy lower limit, the problems existing in the prior art are mainly insufficient electromagnetic compatibility design, and the background noise of the detector reaches more than 50KeV, and the invention starts from the aspects of sensor type selection, matching of the sensor and a front-end circuit, optimal filter circuit design and high-voltage circuit design, so that the background noise of the detector is controlled to be about 5 KeV.
For count rate problems, previous detectors of the same type have mainly used shaping circuits with longer shaping time constants (typically greater than 2us for noise suppression) and reset circuits with fixed reset times (3 us), resulting in a detector count rate of no more than 10 5 Per second. The invention redesigns the forming circuit, so that the forming time of the forming circuit is 0.5us, meanwhile, the reset signal is given by the digital circuit, namely the FPGA immediately resets the signal after AD acquisition is finished, so that the processing time of the whole signal is 1us, and the counting rate can be improved to 10 us 6 Per second.
For particle interference resistance, low-energy electrons entering the detection field of view are deflected away from the sensor by using a deflection magnet; meanwhile, for high-energy electrons and other types of particles which cannot be deviated, the anti-coincidence sensor is used for removing the particles.
For the problem of light pollution, by designing the appropriate thickness of the sensor coating, the light pollution can be removed, and the energy loss in the coating can be reduced to the maximum extent.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A mid-energy proton detector, characterized in that the detector comprises a probe head and an electronics part,
the probe is used for carrying out front-end signal processing on the charge pulse of the intermediate energy proton and outputting the processed charge pulse to the electronics part; the detection energy range of the intermediate energy proton is 20 KeV-5 MeV;
the electronic part is used for processing the received charge pulse and obtaining the energy of the intermediate energy protons by analyzing the amplitude of the pulse signal;
the probe comprises a probe shell, three independent detection units and a front-end processing module, wherein the three independent detection units and the front-end processing module are arranged in the probe shell, each detection unit is of a small-hole imaging structure and comprises a collimator, a deflection magnet, a back scattering device and six sensors;
the collimator is arranged outside the probe shell and used for enabling charged particles to enter the shell;
the deflection magnet is used for deflecting the energetic electrons so that the energetic electrons cannot be incident into the sensor,
the backscatter means for reducing the number of charged particles that enter the sensor by reflection;
the six sensors are divided into three groups, each group comprises 2 sensors at the upper part and the lower part, the detection view field of 20 degrees multiplied by 20 degrees is realized, the view field of each detection unit is 20 degrees multiplied by 60 degrees, and the detection view fields of the three detection units are spliced to realize the detection range of 20 degrees multiplied by 180 degrees;
the front-end processing module comprises 18 paths of front-end amplifying circuits and a common circuit board; the 18 paths of front discharge circuits are respectively connected with 18 sensors, and the common circuit board is provided with 18 paths of forming and main discharge circuits; the front-end amplifier circuit is used for converting charge signals generated after protons enter the sensor into voltage signals; the shaping and main discharging circuit is used for shaping and amplifying a voltage signal;
the electronics portion includes: electronics case and built-in five circuit boards, five circuit boards include: the digital display device comprises a first analog board, a second analog board, a power supply board, a digital board and a mother board;
the first analog board is used for setting a 12-path peak-hold circuit and a 12-path trigger circuit which are connected with 2 detection units; the second analog board is used for setting a 6-path peak-hold circuit, a 6-path trigger circuit and a one-path high-voltage circuit which are connected with 1 detection unit;
the peak protection circuit is used for forming the voltage pulse signals output by the forming and main discharging circuit into pulse height signals which can be collected; the trigger circuit is used for outputting a trigger signal according to the condition that the signal amplitude exceeds a set threshold value;
the power panel is used for setting a power circuit, converting a primary power supply provided by the satellite and providing working voltage for each circuit;
the digital board is provided with 6A/D collectors, an FPGA, a memory and 422 interface circuits; one detection unit corresponds to two A/D collectors; after each A/D collector receives a trigger signal output by a trigger circuit, collecting a pulse height signal output by a peak protection circuit corresponding to the trigger circuit; the FPGA is used for carrying out amplitude analysis on the pulse heights output by the 6A/D collectors to determine the energy and energy level of incident particles, and is also used for packing data to form a complete data packet, storing the data packet into a memory and sending the data packet to a satellite platform through a 422 interface;
the motherboard is used for arranging corresponding connectors of other 4 circuit boards and transmitting signals among the circuit boards.
2. The mid-energy proton detector according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is an ion-implanted semiconductor sensor; in each group of sensors, one sensor is used as a pulse amplitude analyzer for energy level division, and the other sensor is used as an anti-coincidence detector for eliminating interference of high-energy protons and high-energy electrons.
3. The mid-energy proton detector of claim 1 wherein said probe housing and electronics box are separated by a 1mm thick polyimide gasket, the probe housing is connected to signal ground, and the electronics box is connected to signal ground through a 5M ohm resistor.
4. The mid-energy proton detector of claim 3 wherein said electronics box is connected to external equipment via a 38-pin connector for power input and data output to the detector.
5. The detector of claim 3, wherein said electronics box reserves a 26-core and a 38-core connector for connecting another probe in parallel by cable.
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