CN111947782A - 一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统otdr装置 - Google Patents

一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统otdr装置 Download PDF

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CN111947782A
CN111947782A CN202010644891.XA CN202010644891A CN111947782A CN 111947782 A CN111947782 A CN 111947782A CN 202010644891 A CN202010644891 A CN 202010644891A CN 111947782 A CN111947782 A CN 111947782A
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coupler
polarization
optical fiber
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high voltage
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阮峻
孙豪
朱志俊
李俊宇
毛文俊
刘华伟
徐宛丽
吴宝锋
孙小菡
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Southeast University
Kunming Bureau of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co
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Kunming Bureau of Extra High Voltage Power Transmission Co
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J4/00Measuring polarisation of light
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35338Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
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    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35383Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques
    • G01D5/3539Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using time division multiplexing
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01JMEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J4/00Measuring polarisation of light
    • G01J4/04Polarimeters using electric detection means

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Abstract

本发明公开一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,包括脉冲激光器,偏振控制器,偏振分束器,第一、二耦合器,延时光纤,第一、二传感光纤,第一~三光电探测器,信号处理单元,以及FPGA单元;该装置利用偏振分束器将接收到的光脉冲信号分解为偏振态相互垂直的两路光脉冲信号,第一、二光电探测器将接收到的两路光脉冲信号送入信号处理模块,信号处理模块感知到光脉冲偏振态变化,并通过FPGA做闭环控制,从而自适应地抑制光脉冲偏振态的改变。本发明成本低,且有效的避免了传统的单一控制方法,实现了闭环自适应控制。

Description

一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR 装置
技术领域
本发明属于光纤传感及传感网络技术领域。
背景技术
特高压直流控制保护系统光纤种类繁多,包括直流测量系统能量光纤、数据光纤,VBE触发光纤、回检光纤、RPU光纤,VHA阀避雷器回检光纤、漏水检测触发光纤、漏水检测触发光纤,直流控制总线光纤,线路保护通道光纤等等。但监测手段缺乏,采用OTDR(光时域反射仪)技术会很高的解决此类问题。但OTDR技术在工程现场应用的过程中又面临着一系列问题,比如系统的定位漂移较大,长距离传感能力不足等问题,导致上述若干问题出现的本质在于系统的偏振相关性。
OTDR系统性能与光波偏振态紧密相关,在双折射随机演变造成的偏振衰落噪声、外界振动对双折射调制造成的偏振相关噪声的综合影响下,传感系统性能将会极大恶化。虽然前人在系统光路和软件算法等方面提出了很多措施来抑制偏振相关性带来的影响,但是对系统光路的改进主要用于提升系统信噪比,并未对偏振相关性带来的如定位结果漂移等其它问题有效改善。因此,目前亟需找到简单、可靠、易实施的性能提升方案,以抑制偏振相关性给OTDR系统性能带来的影响。
发明内容
发明目的:为解决现有技术存在定位结果漂移等问题,本发明提供了一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置。
发明技术方案:本发明提供一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,包括特高压直流控制保护系统用特种脉冲激光器、偏振控制器、偏振分束器、第一、二耦合器、延时光纤、第一、二传感光纤、第一~三光电探测器、信号处理模块和FPGA单元;所述第一耦合器包括一个输入端和第一~三输出端,所述第二耦合器包括第一、二输入端和第一、二输出端,所述信号处理模块包括第一、二输入端和一个输出端,所述FPGA单元包括第一、二输入端和一个输出端,所述偏振分束器包括一个输入端和第一、二输出端;所述脉冲激光器的波长为660nm、808nm和940nm;
所述第一耦合器的输入端与脉冲激光器连接;所述第一耦合器的第一输出端通过第三光电探测器与FPGA单元的第一输入端连接;第一耦合器的第二输出端依次通过第一传感光纤、偏振控制器与第二耦合器的第一输入端连接;所述第一耦合器的第三输出端与第二耦合器的第二输入端连接;所述第二耦合器的第一输出端连接第二传感光纤,第二输出端连接偏振分束器的输入端;所述偏振分束器的第一输出端通过第一光电探测器与信号处理模块的第一输入端连接,第二输出端通过第二光电探测器与信号处理模块的第二输入端连接,所述信号处理模块的输出端与FPGA单元的第二输入端连接,所述FPGA单元的输出端通过延时光纤与偏振控制器连接。
进一步的,所述的第一、二传感光纤的折射率相同。
进一步的,所述的第一、二耦合器为3dB耦合器。
进一步的,所述的脉冲激光器为SLD激光器。
进一步的,采用高性能FPGA单元做为闭环控制中心。
有益效果:
(1)与传统的偏振衰落抑制方法相比,本发明通过PBS与信号处理的巧妙组合,有效避免了传统的单一控制的方法,实现了闭环自适应控制;
(2)本发明通过一个简单PBS反馈支路监测系统偏振态信息变化,有效降低了系统的硬件成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构图;
图2是本发明的偏振相关脉冲提取示意图,其中(a)为探测光脉示意图,(b)为不经过延时光纤的光脉冲和经过延时光纤的光脉冲的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图,对发明的技术方案及有益效果进行详细说明。
如图1所示,本发明供一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,包括特高压直流控制保护系统用特种脉冲激光器,偏振控制器,偏振分束器PBS,第一、二耦合器C1、C2,延时光纤,第一、二传感光纤,第一~三光电探测器PD1、PD2、PD3,信号处理模块和FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)单元。所述脉冲激光器的波长为660nm、808nm和940nm。
脉冲激光器周期性地发送探测光脉冲,探测光脉冲进入耦合器C1后会通过两条不同路径进入耦合器C2,将耦合器C2引出的一条支路和传感光纤连接,感知外界振动信号;另外一条支路与偏振分束器PBS相连,用于感知光脉冲从耦合器C1传输到耦合器C2过程中发生的偏振态变化。PBS将接收到的光脉冲信号分解为与偏振态相互垂直的两路光脉冲信号,PD1和PD2将接收到的两路光脉冲信号送入信号处理模块。然后,信号处理模块采用解调算法,解调出光脉冲偏振态,从而感知到光脉冲偏振态变化。最后,信号处理模块向FPGA发送偏振态控制命令,FPGA则实时向延时光纤支路的偏振控制器发送控制信号,实时调整该支路的光脉冲偏振态,从而自适应地抑制光脉冲偏振态的改变,抑制了信号到达PD3检测时的偏振衰落。
虽然合适的延时光纤等效双折射参数不仅可以抵消光路中圆双折射的影响,也可以提升系统功率传输系数(PTF)。但是,延时光纤的长度通常是不变的,一经选定,整段光纤的等效双折射参数也就固定不变。为了便于对延时光纤的等效双折射参数进行动态调整,本实施例在延时光纤中间放置一个偏振控制器,通过对局部光纤的双折射参数调整达到影响整段延时光纤等效双折射参数的目的。本是实施例在延时光纤中间添加一个偏振控制器,能够接收FPGA的反馈控制信号,调整偏振,做到自适应闭环控制。
上述的光路结构中,当采用2个3dB耦合器和延时光纤的结构作为干涉仪时,其中第三光电探测器PD3作为传感信号接收机。
优选的,上述的2个耦合器为3dB耦合器,且2个耦合器的性能参数相同。
优选的,上述的2条传感光纤的折射率相同。
优选的,上述的PD1和PD2性能相同。
优选的,上述的脉冲激光器为SLD激光器。
优选的,采用高性能FPGA单元做为闭环控制中心。
如图2中的(a)所示,系统光源会周期性地发送探测光脉冲。探测光脉冲进入耦合器C1后会通过两条不同路径进入耦合器C2,因此PBS会在不同时刻接收到两个不同的偏振相关光脉冲,如图2中的(b)中的脉冲a和脉冲b所示。其中,脉冲a表示不经过延时光纤的光脉冲,脉冲b表示经过延时光纤的光脉冲。U1和U2分别表示PBS输出的两路偏振态相互垂直的光脉冲经过PD1和PD2的光电转换后输出的电信号。假定光脉冲发送的光脉冲为偏振方向与x轴呈45°的线偏振态,由于C1和C2之间直接通过连接光纤连接,而连接光纤的长度较短,因此光脉冲从C1经连接光纤传输到C2的过程中偏振态几乎保持不变,最终表现为图2中的(b)中脉冲a的U1=U2。脉冲b由于受到延时光纤中随机双折射的影响,传输过程中偏振态随机演变,因此图2(b)中脉冲b的U1≠U2
定义SOP为表征光脉冲偏振态的特征参数,SOP通常为U1和U2的函数,则有
SOP=f(U1,U2) (1.1)
特别地,取
Figure BDA0002572664650000041
由于光脉冲a的偏振态几乎并未发生改变,因此定义脉冲a的特征参数SOPa为目标参数,脉冲b的特征参数SOPb为待调整参数。在每个光脉冲发送周期内,信号处理模块依次计算出SOPa、SOPb,如果SOPa≠SOPb,信号处理模块便向FPGA发送偏振态控制命令,FPGA则实时向延时光纤支路的偏振控制器发送控制信号,实时调整脉冲b的偏振态,直到SOPa=SOPb为止。信号处理模块周期性地执行上述控制方案,便可抑制由延时光纤带来的偏振衰落现象。
以上实施例仅为说明本发明的技术思想,不能以此限定本发明的保护范围,凡是按照本发明提出的技术思想,在技术方案基础上所做的任何改动,均落入本发明保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

1.一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,其特征在于,包括特高压直流控制保护系统用特种脉冲激光器、偏振控制器、偏振分束器、第一、二耦合器、延时光纤、第一、二传感光纤、第一~三光电探测器、信号处理模块和FPGA单元;所述第一耦合器包括一个输入端和第一~三输出端,所述第二耦合器包括第一、二输入端和第一、二输出端,所述信号处理模块包括第一、二输入端和一个输出端,所述FPGA单元包括第一、二输入端和一个输出端,所述偏振分束器包括一个输入端和第一、二输出端;所述脉冲激光器的波长为660nm、808nm和940nm;
所述第一耦合器的输入端与脉冲激光器连接;所述第一耦合器的第一输出端通过第三光电探测器与FPGA单元的第一输入端连接;第一耦合器的第二输出端依次通过第一传感光纤、偏振控制器与第二耦合器的第一输入端连接;所述第一耦合器的第三输出端与第二耦合器的第二输入端连接;所述第二耦合器的第一输出端连接第二传感光纤,第二输出端连接偏振分束器的输入端;所述偏振分束器的第一输出端通过第一光电探测器与信号处理模块的第一输入端连接,第二输出端通过第二光电探测器与信号处理模块的第二输入端连接,所述信号处理模块的输出端与FPGA单元的第二输入端连接,所述FPGA单元的输出端通过延时光纤与偏振控制器连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,其特征在于,所述的第一、二传感光纤的折射率相同。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,其特征在于,所述的第一、二耦合器为3dB耦合器。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,其特征在于,所述的脉冲激光器为SLD激光器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种自适应偏振衰落抑制的特高压直流控制保护系统OTDR装置,其特征在于,采用高性能FPGA单元做为闭环控制中心。
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