CN111946728A - Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof - Google Patents

Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111946728A
CN111946728A CN202010734808.8A CN202010734808A CN111946728A CN 111946728 A CN111946728 A CN 111946728A CN 202010734808 A CN202010734808 A CN 202010734808A CN 111946728 A CN111946728 A CN 111946728A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
aluminum alloy
steel
transmission shaft
welding
tube
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Pending
Application number
CN202010734808.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
柳桂林
曾令贤
彭振国
张龙
石海涛
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Dongfeng Trucks Co ltd
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Dongfeng Trucks Co ltd
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Priority to CN202010734808.8A priority Critical patent/CN111946728A/en
Publication of CN111946728A publication Critical patent/CN111946728A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/02Shafts; Axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B23P15/14Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and a processing method thereof. According to the steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and the processing method thereof, the transmission shaft tube at the position of the middle support frame is installed is made of a high-strength steel tube, the rest part of the transmission shaft tube is made of an aluminum alloy material, the steel shaft tube and the aluminum alloy shaft tube are connected by adopting a welding method, the material and the structural size of the transmission shaft tube at the position of the middle support frame are the same as those of the existing commonly-used steel transmission shaft, the structure of the middle support frame is the same as that of the steel shaft middle support frame, the whole vehicle installation and.

Description

Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile transmission shafts, in particular to a steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and a machining method thereof.
Background
The transmission shaft is an important part for transmitting power in an automobile transmission system, is arranged between a speed changer and a drive axle, and transmits torque and rotary motion transmitted by the speed changer to a main speed reducer of the drive axle so as to enable an automobile to generate driving force. When the distance between the vehicle engine and the transmission and the drive axle is far, the arrangement requirement cannot be met by only one telescopic transmission shaft. At this time, a working mode of connecting a telescopic transmission shaft and a front transmission shaft in series is needed. The front end of the front transmission shaft is connected with a speed changer, and the rear end of the front transmission shaft is connected with the frame through a middle support frame. The middle support is internally provided with a bearing which can slightly slide along the axial direction to compensate the installation deviation of the axial position, and in order to reduce the axial stress of the bearing, a honeycomb-shaped rubber buffer cushion is also arranged between the middle support and the bearing, so that the vibration in the running process of a vehicle can be absorbed, the noise can be reduced, and the additional load of the bearing caused by the installation error of the transmission shaft can be reduced.
The transmission shaft made of the aluminum alloy material is one of important development directions for lightening the transmission shaft of the commercial vehicle and improving the critical rotating speed, and particularly, the aluminum alloy transmission shaft is applied to mass production along with the development of extrusion forming of high-strength aluminum alloy pipes, forging forming technology of complex components and the maturity of aluminum alloy welding technology.
At present, the technology of manufacturing the telescopic transmission shaft by adopting the aluminum alloy material is mature, and the telescopic transmission shaft is applied in large scale by the advantages of light weight, obvious oil saving effect and the like. However, the structural size of the middle support frame of the front transmission shaft is positively correlated with the diameter of the transmission shaft tube, and due to the reasons of material characteristics, the diameter of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube is larger than that of the steel shaft, and the middle support frame is correspondingly enlarged, so that the whole vehicle is difficult to arrange, and the popularization and application of aluminum alloy front transmission are influenced, so the front or middle transmission shaft with the middle support frame is still made of steel materials;
a bearing is arranged in the middle support frame of the front transmission shaft, the inner diameter of the bearing is the same as the outer diameter of the transmission shaft tube, the larger the diameter of the transmission shaft tube is, the larger the diameter of the bearing of the middle support frame is, and the larger the peripheral size of the bearing of the middle support frame is, and conversely, the smaller the diameter of the transmission shaft tube is, the smaller the diameter of the bearing of the middle. When the front transmission shaft is made of the aluminum alloy material, the strength of the aluminum alloy material is lower than that of carbon steel, so that the diameter of the aluminum alloy shaft tube is larger than that of the carbon steel shaft tube under the condition of transmitting the same torque, and the bearing diameter of the corresponding middle support frame and the external size of the support frame are also larger. The transmission shaft of the medium and heavy commercial vehicle has larger rated torque, the structural size of the middle support frame of the aluminum alloy front transmission shaft is very huge, and in the aspect of whole vehicle arrangement, the installation space of the middle support frame is limited, and the structural size of the middle support frame is required to be as small as possible.
Aiming at the problems, innovative design is urgently needed on the basis of the original automobile transmission shaft structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the middle support frame of the aluminum alloy front transmission shaft in the background technology is large in size and inconvenient to install and arrange in a whole vehicle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a steel aluminium welded transmission shaft and processing method thereof, includes flange, steel transmission central siphon, middle support frame subassembly, thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product, thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product, aluminum alloy transmission central siphon and shaft yoke, flange's outer end welded connection has steel transmission central siphon, and steel transmission central siphon's surface mounting welded connection has middle support frame subassembly, thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product is installed to steel transmission central siphon's surface nestification, and is provided with the steel aluminium welding seam between steel transmission central siphon and the thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product, the outside welded connection of thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product has thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product, and is equipped with electron beam welding seam and first friction welding seam between thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product and the thick wall aluminum alloy.
Preferably, the inner side of the middle support frame component is connected with a sealing ring in a bonding mode, and the outer surface of the sealing ring is attached to the outer surface of the steel transmission shaft tube.
Preferably, the outer end of the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe is connected with an aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe in a welding mode, the other end of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe is connected with a shaft yoke in a welding mode, and a second friction welding line is arranged between the aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe and the shaft yoke.
A steel-aluminum welding transmission shaft and a processing method thereof comprise the following steps:
1. firstly, welding the steel transmission shaft tube and the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube by adopting electromagnetic pulse welding to form a steel-aluminum welding seam. In order to reduce the deformation resistance of the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe and increase the thickness of the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe as much as possible, the T4 state heat treatment is selected to strengthen the aluminum alloy material;
2. then, welding the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe and the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe by adopting electron beam welding to form an electron beam welding seam, wherein the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe is also made of T4-state heat treatment strengthened aluminum alloy material;
3. the steel-aluminum welded shaft tube head consisting of the steel transmission shaft tube, the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube and the thick-wall aluminum alloy tube is subjected to T6 treatment, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the aluminum alloy is improved;
4. friction welding is carried out on the steel-aluminum welding shaft pipe head and the aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe to form a first friction welding seam;
5. friction welding is carried out on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube and the shaft yoke to form a second friction welding seam;
6. assembling the middle support frame assembly;
7. the connecting flange and the steel driveshaft tube were welded using C02 gas shielded welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and the processing method thereof;
1. the transmission shaft tube at the position of installing the middle support frame is made of a high-strength steel tube, the rest part of the transmission shaft tube is made of an aluminum alloy material, the steel shaft tube and the aluminum alloy shaft tube are connected by adopting a welding method, the material and the structural size of the transmission shaft tube at the position of installing the middle support frame are the same as those of a steel transmission shaft which is commonly used at present, the structure of the middle support frame is also the same as that of a steel shaft middle support, the whole vehicle is greatly convenient to install and arrange;
2. welding an aluminum alloy pipe with proper thickness and length and a steel transmission shaft tube by electromagnetic pulse welding, then welding a thickened shaft tube on the aluminum pipe welded by the electromagnetic pulse welding by using electron beams to form a steel-aluminum welded shaft tube head with the outer diameter equivalent to the diameter of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube, and finally welding the steel-aluminum composite shaft head and the aluminum alloy shaft tube by friction welding to realize the welding of the steel-aluminum composite shaft head and the aluminum alloy shaft tube of the high-torque steel-aluminum composite transmission shaft;
3. the commercial production of the large-torque transmission shaft of the commercial vehicle is realized by integrally adopting a steel-aluminum welding joint, steel-aluminum welding is adopted, the welding of the large-torque steel-aluminum composite transmission shaft is realized by the existing low-power electromagnetic pulse welding, which is the initiative at home and abroad, and the welding of the large-torque steel-aluminum transmission shaft is realized by the composite process method of electromagnetic pulse welding, electron beam welding and friction welding, which is the initiative at home and abroad.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a connecting flange; 2. a steel transmission shaft tube; 3. a middle support frame assembly; 301. a seal ring; 4. thin-wall aluminum alloy pipes; 5. a steel-aluminum weld; 6. a thick-walled aluminum alloy pipe; 7. electron beam welding; 8. a first friction weld; 9. an aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube; 901. a containing groove; 902. reinforcing ribs; 10. a second friction weld; 11. and a shaft fork.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a technical solution: a steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and a processing method thereof comprise a connecting flange 1, a steel transmission shaft tube 2, a middle support frame component 3, a thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe 4, a steel-aluminum welding line 5, a thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6, an electron beam welding line 7, a first friction welding line 8, an aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube 9, a second friction welding line 10 and a shaft yoke 11, wherein the outer end of the connecting flange 1 is welded and connected with the steel transmission shaft tube 2, and the outer surface of the steel transmission shaft tube 2 is provided with a middle support frame component 3 in a welding connection mode, the outer surface of the steel transmission shaft tube 2 is provided with a thin-wall aluminum alloy tube 4 in a nesting mode, and a steel-aluminum welding seam 5 is arranged between the steel transmission shaft tube 2 and the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube 4, the outer side of the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube 4 is welded and connected with a thick-wall aluminum alloy tube 6, and an electron beam welding seam 7 and a first friction welding seam 8 are arranged between the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe 4 and the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6.
The inner side of the middle support frame component 3 is connected with a sealing ring 301 in an adhering mode, the outer surface of the sealing ring 301 is attached to the outer surface of the steel transmission shaft tube 2, and the abutting tightness between the middle support frame component 3 and the steel transmission shaft tube 2 can be stably guaranteed through the attached sealing ring 301;
the outer end of the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6 is connected with an aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe 9 in a welding mode, the other end of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe 9 is connected with a shaft yoke 11 in a welding mode, a second friction welding seam 10 is formed between the aluminum alloy transmission shaft pipe 9 and the shaft yoke 11, the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6 and the outer end of the steel transmission shaft pipe 2 form a nested structure through the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe 4, and the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6 and the steel transmission shaft pipe 2 are installed in the nested structure in a nested mode, so that the phenomenon that the;
the embodiment also provides a steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and a processing method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps:
1. firstly, welding the steel transmission shaft tube 2 and the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube 4 by adopting electromagnetic pulse welding to form a steel-aluminum welding seam 6. In order to reduce the deformation resistance of the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe and increase the thickness of the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe as much as possible, the T4 state heat treatment is selected to strengthen the aluminum alloy material;
2. then, welding the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6 and the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe 4 by adopting electron beam welding to form an electron beam welding seam 7, wherein the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe 6 is also made of T4 state heat treatment strengthened aluminum alloy material;
3. the steel-aluminum welded shaft tube head consisting of the steel transmission shaft tube 2, the thin-wall aluminum alloy tube 4 and the thick-wall aluminum alloy tube 6 is subjected to T6 treatment, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of aluminum alloy is improved;
4. friction welding is carried out on the steel-aluminum welding shaft tube head and the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube 9 to form a first friction welding seam 8;
5. friction welding is carried out on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube 9 and the shaft yoke 11 to form a second friction welding seam 10;
6. assembling the middle support frame component 3;
7. the connecting flange 1 and the steel driveshaft tube 2 are welded by C02 gas shielded welding.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
when the steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and the processing method thereof are used, according to the figure 1, firstly, an aluminum alloy pipe with proper thickness and length and a steel transmission shaft tube 2 are welded by electromagnetic pulse welding, then, an electron beam is used for welding a thickened shaft tube on an aluminum pipe welded by the electromagnetic pulse welding to form a steel-aluminum welded shaft tube head with the outer diameter equivalent to the diameter of the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube 9, and finally, friction welding is adopted to realize the welding of the steel-aluminum composite shaft head and the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube 9. The method is a composite process method for realizing reliable backing welding of steel and aluminum by applying the existing only low-power electromagnetic pulse welding machine, further adopting electron beam welding to increase the diameter of a steel-aluminum welding shaft head, and finally adopting friction welding to realize the welding of the steel-aluminum shaft head and an aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube, and realizes the welding of a large-torque steel-aluminum transmission shaft of a commercial automobile, and is a pioneer at home and abroad.
Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a steel aluminium welding transmission shaft, includes flange (1), steel transmission shaft pipe (2), middle support frame subassembly (3), thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product (4), thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product (6), electron beam welding seam (7) and first friction welding seam (8), its characterized in that: the outer end welded connection of flange (1) has steel transmission central siphon (2), and the outer surface mounting of steel transmission central siphon (2) has middle support frame subassembly (3), thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product (4) are installed to the surface nestification of steel transmission central siphon (2), and are provided with steel aluminium welding seam (5) between steel transmission central siphon (2) and thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product (4), the outside welded connection of thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product (4) has thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product (6), and is equipped with electron beam welding seam (7) and first friction weld (8) between thin wall aluminum alloy tubular product (4) and thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product (6).
2. A steel-aluminium welded transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the outer end welded connection of thick wall aluminum alloy tubular product (6) has aluminum alloy transmission central siphon (9), and the other end welded connection of aluminum alloy transmission central siphon (9) has shaft yoke (11) to second friction weld (10) have been seted up between aluminum alloy transmission central siphon (9) and shaft yoke (11).
3. A steel-aluminium welded transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe (6) and the outer end of the steel transmission shaft pipe (2) form an integral structure through the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe (4).
4. A steel-aluminium welded transmission shaft according to claim 1, wherein: the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube (9) and the outer end of the thick-wall aluminum alloy tube (6) form a welding structure through a first friction welding seam (8).
5. A processing method of a steel-aluminum welding transmission shaft is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, welding a steel transmission shaft tube (2) and a thin-wall aluminum alloy tube (4) by adopting electromagnetic pulse welding to form a steel-aluminum welding seam (6);
(2) then, welding the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe (6) and the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe (4) by adopting electron beam welding to form an electron beam welding seam (7);
(3) carrying out T6 treatment on a steel-aluminum welded shaft tube head consisting of a steel transmission shaft tube (2), a thin-wall aluminum alloy tube (4) and a thick-wall aluminum alloy tube (6);
(4) friction welding is carried out on the steel-aluminum welding shaft tube head and the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube (9) to form a first friction welding seam (8);
(5) friction welding is carried out on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube (9) and the shaft yoke (11) to form a second friction welding seam (10);
(6) assembling the intermediate support frame assembly (3);
(7) and welding the connecting flange (1) and the steel transmission shaft tube (2) by C02 gas shielded welding.
6. The processing method of the steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thin-wall aluminum alloy pipe (4) adopts a T4 state heat treatment to strengthen the aluminum alloy material.
7. The processing method of the steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft according to claim 5, characterized in that: the thick-wall aluminum alloy pipe (6) is also made of T4 state heat treatment strengthened aluminum alloy material.
CN202010734808.8A 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof Pending CN111946728A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010734808.8A CN111946728A (en) 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202010734808.8A CN111946728A (en) 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 Steel-aluminum welded transmission shaft and machining method thereof

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CN111946728A true CN111946728A (en) 2020-11-17

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2252565B (en) * 1991-02-08 1995-06-14 Daido Metal Co Bearings
RU2098678C1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-12-10 Акционерное общество "АвтоВАЗ" Power transmission shaft
CN102806420A (en) * 2012-08-09 2012-12-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Novel machining method for improving strength of friction-welded joint of thin-wall tube
CN104708238A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-17 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 Method for preventing laying of steel and aluminum composite connector
CN105436698A (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-03-30 万向钱潮传动轴有限公司 Aluminum alloy friction welding technology
CN110541892A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-06 东风商用车有限公司 friction welding aluminum alloy transmission shaft and machining method thereof
CN111140601A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-12 东风汽车底盘系统有限公司 Transmission shaft, transmission shaft assembly and transmission shaft welding method
CN211059232U (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-07-21 湖北省丹江口丹传汽车传动轴有限公司 Durable aluminum alloy transmission shaft assembly

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2252565B (en) * 1991-02-08 1995-06-14 Daido Metal Co Bearings
RU2098678C1 (en) * 1996-01-31 1997-12-10 Акционерное общество "АвтоВАЗ" Power transmission shaft
CN102806420A (en) * 2012-08-09 2012-12-05 哈尔滨工业大学 Novel machining method for improving strength of friction-welded joint of thin-wall tube
CN104708238A (en) * 2015-02-11 2015-06-17 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 Method for preventing laying of steel and aluminum composite connector
CN105436698A (en) * 2015-12-03 2016-03-30 万向钱潮传动轴有限公司 Aluminum alloy friction welding technology
CN110541892A (en) * 2019-08-30 2019-12-06 东风商用车有限公司 friction welding aluminum alloy transmission shaft and machining method thereof
CN211059232U (en) * 2019-11-22 2020-07-21 湖北省丹江口丹传汽车传动轴有限公司 Durable aluminum alloy transmission shaft assembly
CN111140601A (en) * 2019-12-30 2020-05-12 东风汽车底盘系统有限公司 Transmission shaft, transmission shaft assembly and transmission shaft welding method

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Application publication date: 20201117

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