CN111945415B - Drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents
Drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and preparation and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and preparation and application thereof. The surface of the fabric is loaded with doped Fe3O4@ C thermally responsive polymer P (NIPAM-AAc) of magnetic particles and a drug. The method comprises the following steps: monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide NIPAM, acrylic acid AAc, cross-linking agent and photoinitiator are ultrasonically dispersed in solvent, and Fe is added3O4The @ C magnetic particle dispersion liquid is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, the obtained mixed liquid is coated on the surface of a fabric, ultraviolet polymerization is carried out under a magnetic field, washing is carried out, and the fabric is placed in a drug solution for drug absorption. The method is simple, convenient and practical, the prepared fabric does not need other equipment to provide energy for the fabric, the fabric can be recycled, and the fabric is an environment-friendly material, has good tensile property and cannot be easily broken or fall off in the using process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent in-vitro drug release materials and preparation and application thereof, and particularly relates to a drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In vitro drug delivery systems, such as transdermal and wound delivery, are of great interest due to the unique properties of sustained delivery of therapeutic agents. They have many advantages over traditional oral, nasal, intramuscular and intravenous administration, such as prevention of drug degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, first pass effects of the drug, drug hepatotoxicity, pain from injection, and the risk of disease transmission with repeated needle use. In vitro drug delivery systems are a non-invasive, painless treatment and skin is the largest organ of the human body, and extensive exposure of the skin facilitates absorption of therapeutic compounds that are not readily administered orally or nasally, thereby improving the bioavailability of certain drugs. In vitro drug delivery systems can be divided into passive (sustained release) and active (on-demand) drug delivery systems, with sustained release limited to a monotonic curve of drug release, which, regardless of the patient's specific needs during the course of treatment, can lead to multidrug resistance and increased toxicity to healthy cells, resulting in decreased therapeutic efficacy. Unlike sustained release, on-demand release can be initiated or suspended by the use of specific external stimuli (e.g., temperature, ultrasound, and low voltage current). This can effectively prevent serious side effects caused by an excess of the drug and poor therapeutic effects caused by a small dose of the drug.
However, an ideal in vitro drug delivery system should be able to control drug delivery in terms of dose, duration and location, and to do so, effective means of monitoring drug content in real time is essential, and monitoring the drug can guide appropriate drug dosage, improve treatment efficiency, prevent multidrug resistance, and the like. At present, the strategy for monitoring the content of the drug in vitro mainly utilizes the covalent binding of fluorescent agent and drug molecules and utilizes near infrared fluorescence imaging to monitor the drug molecules in real time.
In the literature (Materials Science and Engineering C,2016,62,113), a thermally triggered transdermal drug delivery system is designed by using a thermally responsive polymer poly (N-vinyl caprolactam) (PNVCL), and the application of the epidermal controlled drug release is explored through the load of acetaminophen, however, due to the lack of an effective drug monitoring means, the drug dosage cannot be effectively guided, and a signal for reminding replacement in time after the drug release is finished is lacked, so that the application value is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and preparation and application thereof, so as to overcome the defects that expensive equipment is required for in vitro monitoring of drug content in the prior art and the like. The invention monitors the drug release condition by naked eyes with colors.
The invention provides a drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric, wherein Fe is loaded and doped on the surface of the fabric3O4@ C thermally responsive polymer P (NIPAM-AAc) of magnetic particles and a drug.
The structural formula of the thermal response type polymer P (NIPAM-AAc) is as follows:
the invention also provides a preparation method of the drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric, which comprises the following steps:
monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide NIPAM, acrylic acid AAc, cross-linking agent and photoinitiator are ultrasonically dispersed in solvent, and Fe is added3O4@ C magnetic particle dispersion liquid, ultrasonic dispersion, coating the obtained mixed liquid on the surface of the fabric,carrying out ultraviolet polymerization in a magnetic field, washing, placing in a medicinal solution for absorbing medicine to obtain the medicine-carrying thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric, wherein the mass ratio of NIPAM to AAc is 5: 1-20: 1, mixed solution of NIPAM and AAc and Fe3O4The volume ratio of the @ C magnetic particle dispersion liquid is 2: 1-4: 1.
Said Fe3O4The preparation method of the @ C dispersion comprises the following steps: dissolving ferrocene in acetone, dropwise adding 30% hydrogen peroxide while stirring, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180-200 ℃ for 48-72 h to obtain Fe3O4And (3) dispersing the @ C magnetic particles in ethylene glycol to obtain the material, wherein the proportion of ferrocene, acetone and hydrogen peroxide is 0.3-0.5 g: 50-60 ml: 1 to 3ml of Fe3O4The concentration of the @ C dispersion is 20-40 mg/ml.
Said Fe3O4The particle size of the @ C magnetic particles is 180-330 nm.
The cross-linking agent is BIS, and the dosage of the BIS is 1-2% of the total mass of NIPAM and AAc monomers.
The photoinitiator is HMPP, and the using amount of the HMPP is 0.5-1% of the total mass of NIPAM and AAc monomers.
The solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the glycol is 1: 1.
The total concentration of the NIPAM and AAc monomers is 0.7-0.8 g/ml.
The ratio of the volume of the mixed solution to the surface area of the fabric is 0.05ml/cm2～0.15ml/cm2。
The fabric is a black polyester fabric.
And carrying out oxygen plasma treatment on the surface of the fabric, wherein the parameters of the oxygen plasma treatment are 100-300W and 30-90 s.
The magnetic field intensity is 0.2-0.5T.
The concentration of the medicine is 0.1-5 mg/ml.
The washing is as follows: the unreacted monomer was removed by washing with ultrapure water.
The drug solution is a beta-CD-Mox clathrate PBS solution.
The medicine is placed in the medicine solution for sucking for 2 hours at room temperature.
The invention also provides application of the drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric in controlled drug release and visual real-time monitoring of drug content.
The invention utilizes NIPAM, AAc and Fe3O4@ C as raw material, by mixing Fe3O4The PCs structure of the @ C magnetic particles is introduced into a thermal response type polymer P (NIPAM-AAc), so that synchronous on-demand release of the medicine and visual real-time monitoring of the medicine content are realized, and the introduction of the hydrophilic AAc enables the phase transition temperature (LCST) of PNIAPM to be increased to 40 ℃ which is higher than the body surface temperature, so that the medicine can be stored in the P (NIPAM-AAc) at room temperature and released by mild external heating. Furthermore, the presence of a textile matrix is effective in preventing the hydrogel from breaking and falling off when overstretched, and finally, based on Fe3O4The lattice spacing of the @ C magnetic particles PCs changes with the absorption or release of the drug, i.e., the color changes. The synchronization of these thermo-responsive color changes and drug absorption/release behavior provides an effective means for visualization and real-time monitoring of drug content.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention is simple and practical, and realizes the synchronous on-demand release of the medicine and the visual real-time monitoring of the medicine content through the swelling and deswelling behaviors of the thermal response type polymer P (NIPAM-AAc) and the color change based on the PCs structure. The invention provides a convenient, convenient and effective visual real-time medicine monitoring means without external equipment.
(2) The thermochromic hydrogel functional fabric prepared by the invention does not need other equipment to provide energy for the thermochromic hydrogel functional fabric, does not cause pollution, and is an environment-friendly material.
(3) The thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric prepared by the invention has good tensile property, cannot be easily broken and fall off in the use process, and the color is kept stable after each stretching recovery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional SEM image of a drug-loaded lyophilized P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel of example 3; wherein a is a low-power section SEM picture; b is a high-power cross section SEM picture, wherein the crystal is beta-CD/Mox inclusion compound.
FIG. 2 is a representation of the Fe-based content of the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel of example 33O4Section SEM image of one-dimensional chain photonic crystal structure of @ C magnetic particle.
Fig. 3 is a relationship between the color of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric prepared in example 3 and the cumulative drug loading/release rate and a digital photograph thereof. Wherein (a, b) is a relation graph of the color of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and the cumulative drug loading rate; (c, d) is a relation graph of the color of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric and the cumulative release rate of the drug; (e) is a digital photo of the color change of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric in the drug loading/releasing process.
Fig. 4 is a tensile stability test of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric prepared in example 3. Wherein a is a reflected spectrogram obtained after 30 times of stretching and 5 times of recovery; b is an optical photograph of the stretching process.
Fig. 5 shows in vitro antibacterial experiments and animal experiments of the drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric prepared in example 3. Wherein (a) is an in vitro antibacterial experiment; and (b) and (c) are digital photos of mouse body surface wound healing of the drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functional fabric and statistical data thereof.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Acrylic acid (AAc), absolute ethanol, and ethylene glycol are available from the pharmaceutical industry group chemical company. Ferrocene, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), N' -methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), photoinitiator 1173(HMPP), Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) was purchased from alatin reagent (shanghai) ltd. beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (Mox) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Shanghai) trade company, Inc. Prior to use, the NIPAM was recrystallized to further purify the inhibitor.
The tensile property of the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric is measured by a micro-control electronic universal tester (20KN/WDW3020), the color change property is measured by a fiber optic spectrometer (G2000-Pro-Ex), and the drug absorption and release amount is measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (UV 3600).
Drug loading procedure relies on swelling of P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel at room temperature (25 ℃), placing the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized textile in a beta-CD-Mox solution in PBS and measuring the absorbance of the free drug at 280nm at intervals. The concentration of the free drug solution was obtained from the absorbance-concentration standard curve of β -CD-Mox and compared to the original drug solution (mass ratio determined as drug loading). The reflectance spectra of P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized textiles were measured at each time point and the color versus drug loading was determined by curve fitting. The measurement procedure for the drug release process is substantially identical to that described above.
In the antibacterial experiment, the hydrogel functionalized textile is firstly cut into small pieces (1X1 cm)2) And immersed in bacterial suspensions (each containing 500. mu.l of Staphylococcus aureus suspension in a 24-well plate) and incubated at a temperature and for a time sufficient to obtain 104The double diluted bacterial solution was spread evenly on fresh agar plates and placed in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 24 hours. The formed bacterial colonies were then observed and the number of Staphylococcus aureus was estimated by Colony Forming Unit (CFU) counting.
In the biological experiment, the mice are divided into 6 groups, and each group comprises 5 mice. The mouse's dorsal hair was scraped off, washed with alcohol, and the mouse's epidermis was cut 7X 7mm with a scalpel2Of the wound is circular. After s.aureus infection, the hydrogel functionalized textile was applied to the wound area and the drug was released on days 1, 2 and 3 as needed. A commercially available wound dressing was used as a blank control, and free drug was added under the same conditions as a positive control, and a drug-loaded hydrogel functionalized fabric was used as an experimental group (where the absorbed drug concentrations were divided into 100 μ g/ml,1mg/ml and 5 mg/ml). Photographs of the wound area were taken after days 3, 7 and 14 and determined by Image jWound area size at each time point. And calculating the rate of healing of the wound by the following formula:
wherein A is0And AtWound area at time 0 and time t, respectively.
Example 1
Adding 0.3g of ferrocene into 60ml of acetone, dissolving by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes, then dropwise adding 1ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 2 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring into a 100ml hydrothermal kettle, reacting at 180 ℃ for 48 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature. Performing magnetic deposition on the obtained product with a magnet with the magnetic field intensity of 0.2T, dissolving again with acetone, and continuing the magnetic deposition for 3 times. Fe obtained3O4@ C magnetic particles (180nm) were redispersed in ethylene glycol (21 mg/ml). Then 2g NIPAM, 100. mu.l AAc, 20mg BIS were added to 3ml ethanol/ethylene glycol (1: 1) and sonicated to complete dissolution, then 11. mu.L HMPP and finally 200. mu.L Fe3O4@ C magnetic particle ethylene glycol dispersion (20mg/ml) was added to the above prepolymer solution (600. mu.L), and ultrasonically mixed for 10 min. Then, the polyester fabric (6 x 2cm) was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment to make the surface hydrophilic (parameters set to 300W, 1min), and then the treated polyester fabric was placed in the interlayer of two glass plates, and Fe was injected by a syringe3O4Injecting a @ C magnetic particle doped P (NIPAM-AAc) prepolymer solution into the interlayer, placing a glass plate above a magnet (0.2T), polymerizing for 2min by adopting ultraviolet light (356nm), removing the glass plate to prepare a P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric with a structural color, and swelling the fabric for three times by using PBS to remove unreacted monomers, an initiator and a crosslinking agent. Immersing the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric into a beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound (beta-CD and Mox are added into ultrapure water according to a molar ratio of 1:1, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature to precipitate beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound crystal) PBS solution (2mg/ml), fully sucking the medicine at room temperature (25 ℃) for 2 hours, and finally removing the residual solution on the surface to obtain the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric with medicine loading.
Example 2
Adding 0.4g of ferrocene into 60ml of acetone, dissolving by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes, then dropwise adding 2ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 2 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring into a 100ml hydrothermal kettle, reacting at 190 ℃ for 64 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature. Performing magnetic deposition on the obtained product with a magnet with the magnetic field intensity of 0.3T, dissolving again with acetone, and continuing the magnetic deposition for 3 times. Fe obtained3O4@ C magnetic particles (240nm) were redispersed in ethylene glycol (30 mg/ml). Then 2g NIPAM, 200. mu.l AAc, 30mg BIS were added to 3ml ethanol/ethylene glycol (1: 1) and sonicated to complete dissolution, then 15. mu.L HMPP and finally 300. mu.L Fe3O4@ C magnetic particle ethylene glycol dispersion (30mg/ml) was added to the above prepolymer solution (900. mu.L), and ultrasonically mixed for 10 min. Then, the polyester fabric (6 x 2cm) was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment to make the surface hydrophilic (parameters set to 300W, 1min), and then the treated polyester fabric was placed in the interlayer of two glass plates, and Fe was injected by a syringe3O4Injecting a @ C magnetic particle doped P (NIPAM-AAc) prepolymer solution into the interlayer, placing a glass plate above a magnet (0.3T), polymerizing for 2min by adopting ultraviolet light (356nm), removing the glass plate to prepare a P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric with a structural color, and swelling the fabric for three times by using PBS to remove unreacted monomers, an initiator and a crosslinking agent. Immersing the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric into a beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound (beta-CD and Mox are added into ultrapure water according to a molar ratio of 1:1, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature to precipitate beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound crystal) PBS solution (3mg/ml), fully sucking the medicine at room temperature (25 ℃) for 2 hours, and finally removing the residual solution on the surface to obtain the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric with medicine loading.
Example 3
Adding 0.5g of ferrocene into 60ml of acetone, dissolving by ultrasonic treatment for 5 minutes, then dropwise adding 2ml of 30% hydrogen peroxide, stirring for 2 hours, uniformly stirring, transferring into a 100ml hydrothermal kettle, reacting at 200 ℃ for 72 hours, taking out and cooling to room temperature. Performing magnetic deposition on the obtained product with a magnet with the magnetic field intensity of 0.4T, dissolving again with acetone, and continuing the magnetic deposition for 3 times. Fe obtained3O4@ C magnetic particles (300nm) redispersed in ethylene glycol (40mg/ml). Then 2g NIPAM, 400. mu.l AAc, 40mg BIS in 3ml ethanol/ethylene glycol (1: 1) and sonicated to dissolve completely, then 20. mu.L HMPP and finally 400. mu.L Fe3O4@ C magnetic particle ethylene glycol dispersion (40mg/ml) was added to the prepolymer solution (1200. mu.L), and ultrasonically mixed for 10 min. Then, the polyester fabric (6 x 2cm) was subjected to oxygen plasma treatment to make the surface hydrophilic (parameters set to 300W, 1min), and then the treated polyester fabric was placed in the interlayer of two glass plates, and Fe was injected by a syringe3O4Injecting a @ C magnetic particle doped P (NIPAM-AAc) prepolymer solution into the interlayer, placing a glass plate above a magnet (0.4T), polymerizing for 2min by adopting ultraviolet light (356nm), removing the glass plate to prepare a P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric with a structural color, and swelling the fabric for three times by using PBS to remove unreacted monomers, an initiator and a crosslinking agent. Immersing the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric into a beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound (beta-CD and Mox are added into ultrapure water according to a molar ratio of 1:1, performing ultrasonic treatment at 60 ℃ for 24 hours, cooling to room temperature to precipitate beta-CD-Mox clathrate compound crystal) PBS solution (5mg/ml), fully sucking the medicine at room temperature (25 ℃) for 2 hours, and finally removing the residual solution on the surface to obtain the thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric with medicine loading.
FIG. 1 shows that: the P (NIPAM-AAc) gel has a porous structure, so that the drug can be conveniently loaded and released, wherein the drug crystals are arranged in the inner holes of the freeze-dried gel, and the fact that the drug can be successfully loaded into the P (NIPAM-AAc) gel is shown.
FIG. 2 shows that: fe3O4The @ C magnetic particles are assembled into a one-dimensional chain photonic crystal structure in the P (NIPAM-AAc) gel, so that the gel presents bright color.
FIG. 3 shows: the color of the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric and the drug loading/release amount show approximate linear relation, and (e) the figure digital photograph shows that the color of the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric changes from blue to orange-red along with the drug loading process; and the color changed from orange-red to blue as the drug was released. And at each drug content time point corresponds to a different color between blue and orange-red.
FIG. 4 shows that: the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric still has no obvious fracture or shedding after being curled and stretched (30%) for 30 times, and the reflection spectrum after being stretched and recovered by 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 times has no obvious change of peak position and intensity.
FIG. 5 shows that: FIG. 5(a) shows that the drug-loaded P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric has a specific warm drug release function, the strain still exists after 6h incubation at 30 ℃ and the strain basically disappears at 40 ℃, which shows that the drug can be stored in the gel at body surface temperature (30 ℃) and release is triggered under mild thermal stimulation (40 ℃). FIG. 5(b, c) mouse epidermal wound healing experiment shows that the P (NIPAM-AAc) hydrogel functionalized fabric has the functions of antibiosis and wound healing promotion.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the in vitro drug delivery system in the embodiment 3 of the present invention, the functionalized fabric in the embodiment 3 can realize the mild thermal stimulation triggered drug release on demand, and can monitor the drug content in real time through color visualization, so that the system has important significance for guiding the drug dosage and avoiding multi-drug resistance.
Comparative example 2
In the literature (Advanced Functional Materials,2019, 497, 1902127), a non-woven fabric based on the thermo-responsive polymer poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-N-methylolacrylamide) (P (NIPAM-HMAAm)) was prepared by electrospinning method design and loaded with the antibiotic moxifloxacin hydrochloride by immersion. The obtained non-woven fabric is compounded with the heating coil to realize the release of the electrically stimulated drug according to the requirement. Compared with the in-vitro drug delivery system in the embodiment 3 of the invention, the in-vitro drug delivery system in the embodiment 3 not only has the controlled release performance of the drug as required, but also has the function of visually monitoring the content of the drug in real time, can provide a definite guide for the dosage of the drug, and avoids the side effect caused by excessive drug administration.
Claims (9)
1. The drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric is characterized in that Fe is loaded and doped on the surface of the fabric3O4The thermal response type polymer P (NIPAM-AAc) of the @ C magnetic particles and the medicine have the structural formula:
2. a preparation method of a drug-loaded thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric comprises the following steps:
monomer N-isopropyl acrylamide NIPAM, acrylic acid AAc, cross-linking agent and photoinitiator are ultrasonically dispersed in solvent, and Fe is added3O4The @ C magnetic particle dispersion liquid is ultrasonically dispersed, the obtained mixed liquid is coated on the surface of a fabric, ultraviolet polymerization and washing are carried out under a magnetic field, medicine absorption is carried out in the medicine solution, the medicine-carrying thermochromic hydrogel functionalized fabric is obtained, and the mass ratio of NIPAM to AAc is 5: 1-20: 1, mixed solution of NIPAM and AAc and Fe3O4The volume ratio of the @ C magnetic particle dispersion liquid is 2: 1-4: 1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the Fe3O4The preparation method of the @ C dispersion comprises the following steps: dissolving ferrocene in acetone, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide while stirring, carrying out hydrothermal reaction at 180-200 ℃ for 48-72 h, and obtaining Fe3O4And (3) dispersing the @ C magnetic particles in ethylene glycol to obtain the material, wherein the proportion of ferrocene, acetone and hydrogen peroxide is 0.3-0.5 g: 50-60 ml: 1 to 3ml of Fe3O4The concentration of the @ C dispersion is 20-40 mg/ml.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the cross-linking agent is BIS, and the amount of BIS is 1-2% of the total mass of NIPAM and AAc monomers; the photoinitiator is HMPP, and the using amount of the HMPP is 0.5-1% of the total mass of NIPAM and AAc monomers.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is a mixed solution of ethanol and glycol, and the volume ratio of the ethanol to the glycol is 1: 1; the total concentration of NIPAM and AAc monomers is 0.7-0.8 g/ml.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the volume to fabric surface area ratio of the mixed solution is 0.05ml/cm2～0.15ml/cm2。
7. The method of claim 2, wherein the fabric is a black polyester fabric; and performing oxygen plasma treatment on the surface of the fabric, wherein the parameters of the oxygen plasma treatment are 100-300W and 30-90 s.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the magnetic field strength is 0.2-0.5T; the concentration of the medicine is 0.1-5 mg/ml.
9. Use of the fabric of claim 1 for controlled drug release and visual real-time monitoring of drug content.
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