CN111945166B - 一种水溶性缓蚀剂及其用途 - Google Patents
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- C23F11/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
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Abstract
一种水溶性缓蚀剂组合物,其包括如下式(1)结构的咪唑啉酰胺,表面活性剂,和溶剂;所述表面活性剂选自平平加,TX‑10;所述溶剂选自水和/或乙醇;所述咪唑啉酰胺结构如下式(1)所述,其中n为8‑17,m为1‑5;优选地,n为8,17,m为2或3。本发明的水溶性缓蚀剂组合物,用量少、便于运输,使用安全,制备和使用成本较低,对环境危害小,缓蚀效率高,完全满足企业防腐要求,效果优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油炼制技术领域,具体涉及一种水溶性缓蚀剂和用途。
背景技术
炼油厂常减压装置的腐蚀指的是初馏塔塔顶、常压塔塔顶和减压塔塔顶(简称三顶)的金属腐蚀。常减压塔设备接触的主要是石油,石油中的主要成分——各种烃并不腐蚀金属设备,但石油中的杂质如无机盐、硫、氮化合物、O2、有机酸、CO2、水分等含量虽小,但对设备的腐蚀危害却很大。在炼油厂常减压装置中,设备的腐蚀以低温部位(t≤120℃)腐蚀最为常见和严重,主要包括以下几种:(1)H2S-HCl-H2O,该腐蚀常发生于常减压蒸馏装置中的初馏塔、常压分馏塔、减压分馏塔塔顶部及其冷凝冷却系统。引起H2S-HCl-H2O腐蚀的主要原因是石油中含有氯盐、有机氯化物和硫化物。(2)NH4HS/NH4Cl-H2O,该腐蚀常存在于加氢裂化装置,加氢脱硫装置中反应产物的空冷器,常减压蒸馏装置中的初馏塔、常压分馏塔、减压分馏塔塔顶部及其冷凝冷却系统。主要原因是由H2S、HCl与HN3化合生成胺化合物沉淀堵塞管路造成的垢下腐蚀。(3)低分子有机酸-H2O,该腐蚀常存于常减压蒸馏装置中的初馏塔、常压分馏塔、减压分馏塔塔顶部及其冷凝冷却系统。主要原因是由于炼制原油的劣质化,高酸值原油越来越多,原油中的脂肪酸、环烷酸在蒸馏加热时分解生成低分子有机酸,例如甲酸、乙酸等随着油气进入蒸馏塔顶的低温部位。
在常减压装置中注入缓蚀剂是一种行之有效的防腐措施。缓蚀剂通常分为油溶性缓蚀剂和水溶性缓蚀剂。油溶性缓蚀剂分子内带有极性基团,能吸附在金属表面形成保护膜,油溶性缓蚀剂可以避免水溶性缓蚀剂因本身带水而造成露点前移的问题。但是油溶性缓蚀剂使用安全性较低、生成成本高、且必须与中和剂分别添加等缺点也十分显著,相反,水溶性缓蚀剂用水作溶剂在运输和使用过程中更安全,且可以与水溶性的中和剂复配,制备和使用成本较低,对环境危害小。近年来,随着高含硫、高酸值、高含盐原油加工量的逐年增加,原有的缓蚀剂性能已满足不了生产要求,需要研制性能更好的缓蚀剂。
发明内容
为了改善现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种水溶性缓蚀剂组合物。
本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种水溶性缓蚀剂组合物,其包括如下结构的咪唑啉酰胺,表面活性剂,和溶剂;
所述咪唑啉酰胺结构如下所述:
其中n为8-17,m为1-5;优选地,n为8,17,m为2或3;
所述表面活性剂选自平平加,TX-10;所述溶剂选自水和/或乙醇。
根据本发明的组合物,咪唑啉酰胺:表面活性剂:溶剂的质量比为30-50:5-15:65-35。
根据本发明的组合物,还含有助剂,所述所述助剂选自丙炔醇,巯基乙醇。
根据本发明的组合物,咪唑啉酰胺:表面活性剂:助剂:溶剂的质量比为30-45:5-15:5-10:60-30。
根据本发明的组合物,所述咪唑啉酰胺选自n为8,m为2或3的上述结构化合物,所述表面活性剂选自TX-10,所述助剂为丙炔醇,所述溶剂为乙醇与水的混合液。
根据本发明的组合物,咪唑啉酰胺:表面活性剂:助剂:水:乙醇的质量比为35:10:5:40:10。
本发明还提供上述水溶性缓蚀剂的用途,其用于石油炼制的低温常减压设备防腐。
根据本发明的用途,所述水溶性缓蚀剂与中和剂分别配合注入设备塔顶。
根据本发明的用途,所述水溶性缓蚀剂的用量为1.5-3mg/kg原油,中和剂的用量为水溶性缓蚀剂用量的3-6倍。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提供一种水溶性缓蚀剂组合物,其主要以水作溶剂,使得运输和使用更安全,且可以与水溶性的中和剂复配,制备和使用成本较低,对环境危害小。本发明的组合物,因添加了表面活性剂以及任选的助剂,使得组合物中咪唑啉缓蚀剂用量大大减少,降低了成本。然而,咪唑啉缓蚀剂用量减少后,却不影响使用效果,本发明组合物的缓蚀率大大提高,同时在现场试验中,与中和剂配合使用后,完全满足企业防腐要求,效果优异。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的制备方法做更进一步的详细说明。应当理解,下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明,而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
下述实施例中所使用的实验方法如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;下述实施例中所用的试剂、材料等,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。
实施例1咪唑啉酰胺的合成
以多乙烯多胺、冰醋酸和脂肪酸为原料,甲苯做溶剂,在温度为110-135℃下进行酰胺化反应3-5小时,所得产物在常压下、温度200-240℃下发生闭环反应2-5小时,并蒸出甲苯,制得咪唑啉酰胺,所述咪唑啉酰胺结构如下所示:
实施例2水溶性缓蚀剂的复配及性能测试
(1)下述原料按照一定质量比例混合,常温下搅拌均匀即可
(2)采用挂片失重法测试所述组合物的缓蚀率
其中A3钢挂片经表面打磨、清洗浸泡、干燥、称重并悬挂于容器中,向容器中加入试验溶液,设定实验时间和实验温度。试验结束后取出挂片,去除表面油垢,去除试片表面的腐蚀产物,清洗干燥并称重,根据钢片失重计算腐蚀速率,其腐蚀速率、缓蚀率采用下式计算:
m试片质量损失,g;
mo试片酸洗空白试验质量损失平均值,g
s试片的表面积,cm2
ρ试片的密度,g/cm3
t试验的时间,h
8760与1年相当的小时数,h/a
10:与1cm相当的毫米数,mm/cm;
X0是未加缓蚀剂的缓蚀速率,X是加了缓蚀剂的缓蚀速率。
(3)对A3钢在HCl/NH4Cl-H2O中的缓蚀结果
用分析纯浓盐酸配置成0.1mol/l的HCl溶液,用氨水调节pH至中性,由此配置成HCl/NH4Cl-H2O腐蚀溶液,其中Cl-浓度为0.1mol/l。设定挂片实验的温度为50℃,腐蚀时间6小时,加入实施例2的复配缓蚀剂的量为30mg/l。测试和计算结果如下表所示:
实施例编号 | 腐蚀速率 | 缓蚀率 | 实施例编号 | 腐蚀速率 | 缓蚀率 |
2-1 | 0.1058 | 84.9% | 2-5 | 0.0091 | 98.7% |
2-2 | 0.0553 | 92.1% | 2-6 | 0.0476 | 93.2% |
2-3 | 0.1029 | 85.3% | 2-7 | 0.0992 | 85.8% |
2-4 | 0.0875 | 87.5% | 2-8 | 0.0168 | 97.6% |
由上述测试和计算结果可知,水溶性咪唑啉和非离子表面活性剂复配,更优选地,当增加了助剂丙炔醇,巯基乙醇时,本发明的复配缓蚀剂组合物具有优异的缓蚀效果。
实施例3现场测试实验
(1)塔顶防腐处理方案
1#1000万吨/年常减压蒸馏装置设计加工500万吨/年的沙中原油和500万吨/年的伊朗轻原油的混合原油,主要产品为含轻烃石脑油、直馏煤油、直馏柴油、减压轻蜡油和减压渣油等。1#常减压装置的设计加工规模为1000万吨/年。装置年开工时数8400小时,设计运行周期为四年一修。低温HC l-H2S-H2O腐蚀的防腐首先是工艺防腐,装置设“一脱三注”措施,即原油深度脱盐、塔顶挥发线注中和剂(氨或胺)、注缓蚀剂和注水。其中,本发明试验中,在塔顶同时加入中和剂和缓蚀剂。
塔顶防腐处理方案和KPI
(2)实际中和剂和缓蚀剂用量
1#常减压装置塔顶注入中和剂和缓蚀剂,其中第1-10天、11-20天、21-30天注入缓蚀剂2-5,第31-40天、41-50天注入缓蚀剂2-8。下表是根据实时监测结果确定的注入量。
中和剂和缓蚀剂加注量
由上表可知,第1-10天中和剂用量较少,而缓蚀剂用量超出计划量2.2太多。其原因在于:(1)装置开工初期,原油密度高875kg/m3(经监测),装置负荷小(63%),塔顶负荷不大,原料含硫及塔顶氯离子含量在50ppm左右(经监测),因此中和剂在第1-10天消耗较少。(2)运行工况相对稳定后,装置加工负荷逐渐上升(>100%),同时伴随含硫含氯的不断升高,塔顶腐蚀形势严峻。为避免高氯环境下的露点腐蚀,操作上增加中和剂加注量,同时保持一定中和剂富裕量,避免局部酸性物质浓度增加的时候造成的腐蚀,因此在pH控制上会出现大于7.5的数据,局部最大的pH达到8.5。实验表明,pH从7.5增加到8.5需要消耗中和剂5ppm,所以为控制高氯状态下塔顶防腐,中和剂量会增加。(3)开工初期,平均负荷率为70%。缓蚀剂的作用是设备内表面成膜,加注量决定于塔顶的设备内表面积大小,通常以设计流量作为注剂基准,缓蚀剂的加注量不随负荷的降低而减少,但却需要随着实际负荷的增加而增加。在开工初期,需考虑预膜、初期成膜的增加量;其次,装置刚开工,注剂量的标定和控制需要时间摸索,其中初顶注剂泵和减顶注剂泵由于泵量程较大,无法进一步降低缓蚀剂量,限制了一定的注剂优化空间,造成实际注剂量的偏差大。基于上述原因,我们仅考察运行较稳定后的注剂用量即可,即第20-50天的情况。
(3)使用效果评价
基于上述第(2)点理由,我们仅分析第20-50天的如下数据以评价使用效果。
塔顶腐蚀控制情况
其中,铁离子单位是mg/l。
(4)结论
1#常减压蒸馏装置自开工测试以来运行平稳,腐蚀防护数据正常:
1)从上述铁离子数据统计可看出,常顶一级是腐蚀最为严重的区域。
2)塔顶低温部位铁离子合格率达100%,满足技术指标控制要求。
3)塔顶低温部位各在线腐蚀监测点腐蚀速率控制正常,均<0.2mm/a的控制要求。
4)本发明缓蚀剂均在pH值≤8.5的情况下,实现上述技术指标。
54)从铁离子含量数据可看出,本发明的缓蚀剂2-5与2-8比起来,其现场试验的缓蚀效果更优。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明。但是,本发明不限定于上述实施方式。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (4)
2.权利要求1所述的水溶性缓蚀剂组合物的用途,其用于石油炼制的低温常减压设备防腐。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用途,所述水溶性缓蚀剂与中和剂一起注入设备塔顶。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,所述水溶性缓蚀剂的用量为1.5-3mg/kg原油,中和剂的用量为水溶性缓蚀剂用量的3-6倍。
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