CN111943545B - Artificial sand and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Artificial sand and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111943545B
CN111943545B CN202010741631.4A CN202010741631A CN111943545B CN 111943545 B CN111943545 B CN 111943545B CN 202010741631 A CN202010741631 A CN 202010741631A CN 111943545 B CN111943545 B CN 111943545B
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artificial sand
mass
water reducing
cementing material
cement
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CN111943545A (en
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王立华
张君禄
李兆恒
万家瑞
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Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
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Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/026Comminuting, e.g. by grinding or breaking; Defibrillating fibres other than asbestos
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/16Waste materials; Refuse from building or ceramic industry
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1074Silicates, e.g. glass
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04Portland cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/08Slag cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00017Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Abstract

The invention discloses artificial sand and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the waste concrete to prepare a coarse artificial sand product; and soaking the artificial sand crude product by using cement slurry, draining water, sieving in hot air, and drying by using hot air. The artificial sand is prepared by adopting the waste concrete as the raw material, so that waste can be changed into valuable, resource utilization, garbage harmlessness and reduction are realized, and environmental pollution is avoided; in the artificial sand preparation process, the cement slurry dipping surface treatment is carried out on the artificial sand crude product, so that the particle size of the artificial sand prepared from waste concrete can be improved, surface gaps are sealed, and the performance of the artificial sand is improved.

Description

Artificial sand and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to artificial sand and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the building garbage accounts for a large proportion in the urban garbage, and the phenomenon of garbage enclosing is rare. For construction waste, the existing disposal mode is mainly landfill, and a low-lying land, a wasteland or a quarry mine opening is generally selected as a landfill. The refuse landfill occupies a large amount of land, and the ecological environment can be damaged; and the site selection of the refuse landfill is more and more difficult due to the increasingly tense land resources. Meanwhile, with the rapid development of urbanization, a large number of concrete buildings are dismantled to generate a large amount of dismantled waste concrete, the main components of the waste concrete are cement and gravel, and a large amount of resource waste is caused by the landfill treatment of the dismantled waste concrete.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides artificial sand and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing artificial sand, comprising the steps of:
s1, crushing waste concrete to prepare a coarse artificial sand product;
and S2, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 by using cement slurry, draining water after soaking, standing, sieving in hot air (generally, the hot air is 70-150 ℃), and drying in hot air.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the cement slurry has a water-to-cement ratio of 0.25 to 0.50. Here, the water-cement ratio specifically refers to the ratio of the amount of water to the amount of cement material per cubic meter of cement slurry. The soaking treatment is completed, the water is drained, then the standing treatment is carried out, the particle size of the artificial sand crude product after the treatment is controlled by sieving is within 5mm, and the hot air treatment is adopted while sieving, so that the adhesion problem can be avoided.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the cementitious slurry is prepared from raw materials comprising cementitious material, water reducer, retarder, and polymer emulsion;
the cementing material comprises 50-100% of cement and 0-50% of admixture by mass of the total cementing material; the admixture comprises at least one of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash, wherein the silica fume accounts for 0-15% of the mass of the cementing material, the slag powder accounts for 0-50% of the mass of the cementing material, and the fly ash accounts for 0-25% of the mass of the cementing material; the amount of the water reducing agent accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the cementing material; the amount of the retarder accounts for 0 to 1.5 percent of the mass of the cementing material; the dosage of the polymer accounts for 0-20% of the mass of the gel material. The addition of the polymer in the cement slurry for dipping the crude artificial sand can improve the interface weak area of the artificial sand and improve the performance of the artificial sand; the addition of the retarder in the cement slurry can prolong the application time of the cement slurry and save the cost.
Wherein, the cement can adopt general portland cement, including at least one of portland cement, ordinary portland cement, portland slag cement, fly ash portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement, moderate heat portland cement, low heat portland cement, composite portland cement; at least one of the cement strength grades of 32.5, 32.5R, 42.5R, 52.5 and 52.5R is generally selected.
The fly ash can be I-grade fly ash and/or II-grade fly ash; the slag powder can adopt S95 grade slag powder and/or S105 grade slag powder; the used silica fume generally has total alkali content not greater than 1.5%, silica content not less than 85%, chlorine content not greater than 0.1%, water content not greater than 3.0%, solid content (liquid material) production control value +/-2.0%, ignition loss not greater than 4.0%, water requirement ratio not greater than 125%, and specific surface area (BET method) not less than 15m 2 The activity index (7-day rapid method) is not less than 105%, the expansion rate reduction value of 14 days for inhibiting the reactivity of the alkali aggregate is not less than 35%, and the ratio of 28-day electric flux of the chloride ion permeability resistance is not more than 40%.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water reducing agent is selected from at least one of lignosulfonate-based water reducing agents, naphthalene-based water reducing agents, melamine-based water reducing agents, sulfamate-based water reducing agents, fatty acid-based water reducing agents, polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, the set retarder may employ at least one of lignosulfonate, molasses, sucrose, zinc salt.
The polymer emulsion may be at least one of styrene-butadiene emulsion, poly (styrene-co-acrylate) emulsion, ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion, polychloroprene emulsion, and propylbenzene emulsion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, in step S2, the soaking time is 1 to 2h. The standing time is generally 0.25 to 2h.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S2, the coarse artificial sand is sprayed with the cement powder while the hot air drying process is performed. Specifically, a hot air dryer can be adopted, and hot air (or hot air) is used for spraying cement powder to the coarse artificial sand so as to wrap the cement powder on the surfaces of the coarse artificial sand particles after the cement slurry is soaked, so that the water content of the coarse artificial sand can be reduced, and the surface roughness of the particles can be increased; and the cement has hydration, can obviously improve the surface effect of the artificial sand and promote the hardening of cement grout on the surface of the crude product of the artificial sand. Generally controlling the volume concentration of cement powder in hot air to be 2% -20%; the hot air pressure generally needs to ensure that the retention time of the cement powder in the hot air is 5 to 120s. In order to improve the treatment effect, the crude artificial sand and hot air can be reversely introduced, specifically, the crude artificial sand can be introduced from the upper opening, and the hot air can be introduced from the lower side.
In the step S1, the adopted waste concrete belongs to construction waste, specifically is demolition concrete in the construction waste, specifically, demolition concrete with a designed strength grade of more than C15 can be adopted, and the raw materials of the demolition concrete generally include portland cement, sand, crushed stone, gravel, mineral admixture and additive. Since demolition concrete generally contains many impurities, in step S1, before the waste concrete is crushed, the waste concrete is generally subjected to an impurity removal treatment. And after the waste concrete after impurity removal treatment is crushed, the waste concrete can be subjected to shaping treatment and then screened to prepare a coarse artificial sand product. The waste concrete is crushed and then subjected to shaping treatment, so that the particle size of the waste concrete is favorably improved.
According to some embodiments of the present invention, in step S1, the particle size of the coarse artificial sand is generally less than or equal to 5mm. And for the artificial sand crude product with the particle size of more than 5mm, crushing and processing are required again.
In addition, after the artificial sand is made by hardening the surface slurry of the crude artificial sand particles, the artificial sand is generally sieved and stacked according to the particle size. After screening, the materials are generally stacked in three stages according to the grain size, wherein the grain size of the first stage is 2.5 to 5.0mm, the grain size of the second stage is 1.25 to 2.5mm, and the grain size of the third stage is less than or equal to 1.25mm.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided artificial sand produced by any one of the methods of the first aspect of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of artificial sand, which takes waste concrete as a raw material to prepare the artificial sand, can change waste into valuable, realizes resource utilization, garbage harmlessness and reduction, saves occupied land, saves resources, avoids pollution and improves ecological environment. In addition, in the artificial sand preparation process, the cement slurry dipping surface treatment is carried out on the crude artificial sand, so that the particle size of the artificial sand prepared from the waste concrete can be improved, and surface gaps are sealed.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of artificial sand comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coarse artificial sand product: classifying the construction waste, sorting out waste concrete, and then carrying out impurity removal treatment; specifically, cleaning and dismantling the external impurities of the concrete member, crushing and dismantling the concrete block, and sorting, cleaning and dismantling the impurities such as steel bars, plastic pipes, electric wires and the like in the concrete block; then, the demolished concrete blocks are further crushed, shaped and screened to prepare artificial sand crude products with the particle size not larger than 5 mm;
s2, taking the following raw materials in parts by mass (each part by mass is 1 kg): 100 parts by mass of fly ash portland cement with the strength grade of 32.5R, 35 parts by mass of water, 2.5 parts by mass of a water reducing agent and 0.05 part by mass of a retarder sucrose are added and mixed uniformly to prepare cement slurry;
and S3, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 in the cement slurry prepared in the step S2 for 1 hour, draining water, standing for 1 hour, then screening by using a screen, and spraying cement powder to the screened artificial sand crude product by using a hot air dryer, so that the water content of the artificial sand crude product is reduced, the hardening of the polymer cement slurry on the surface of the artificial sand is promoted, and the artificial sand is prepared.
Example 2
A preparation method of artificial sand comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coarse artificial sand product: classifying the construction waste, sorting out waste concrete, and then removing impurities; specifically, impurities such as steel bars, plastic pipes, electric wires and the like in concrete members are cleaned and removed, concrete blocks are broken and removed, and the impurities in the concrete blocks are sorted, cleaned and removed; then, further crushing and screening the demolished concrete blocks to prepare a coarse artificial sand product with the particle size not greater than 5 mm;
s2, taking the following raw materials in parts by mass (each part by mass is 1 kg): 75 parts by mass of portland cement with the strength grade of 52.5R and 25 parts by mass of admixture slag powder are mixed, and then 28 parts by mass of water, 2.0 parts by mass of water reducing agent, 0.06 parts by mass of retarder and 10 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene polymer emulsion are added and uniformly mixed to prepare polymer cement slurry;
and S3, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 in the polymer cement slurry prepared in the step S2 for 1 hour, draining water, standing for 2 hours, sieving by using a screen, spraying cement powder to the sieved artificial sand crude product by using a hot air dryer, reducing the water content of the artificial sand crude product, promoting the hardening of the polymer cement slurry on the surface of the artificial sand, and preparing the artificial sand after the surface treatment cement slurry is hardened and dried.
Example 3
A preparation method of artificial sand comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coarse artificial sand product: classifying the construction waste, sorting out waste concrete, and then carrying out impurity removal treatment; specifically, cleaning and dismantling the external impurities of the concrete member, crushing and dismantling the concrete block, and sorting, cleaning and dismantling the impurities such as steel bars, plastic pipes, electric wires and the like in the concrete block; then, further crushing, shaping and screening the demolished concrete blocks to prepare a coarse artificial sand product with the particle size not greater than 5 mm;
s2, taking the following raw materials in parts by mass (each part by mass is 1 kg): mixing 90 parts by mass of ordinary portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5 and 10 parts by mass of admixture silica fume, then adding 35 parts by mass of water, 1.5 parts by mass of a water reducing agent, 0.05 part by mass of a retarder and 6 parts by mass of an ethylene-vinyl acetate polymer emulsion, and uniformly mixing to prepare polymer cement slurry;
s3, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 in the polymer cement slurry prepared in the step S2 for 1 hour, draining water, standing for 0.25 hour, screening, and spraying cement powder to the screened artificial sand crude product by using a hot air dryer to reduce the water content of the artificial sand crude product and promote the polymer cement slurry on the surface of the artificial sand to be hardened to prepare the artificial sand;
s4, sieving the artificial sand again, and stacking according to the particle size classification, wherein the primary particle size is 2.5-5.0 mm, the secondary particle size is 1.25mm-2.5 mm, and the tertiary particle size is less than or equal to 1.25mm.
Example 4
A preparation method of artificial sand comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a coarse artificial sand product: classifying the construction waste, sorting out waste concrete, and then removing impurities; specifically, impurities such as steel bars, plastic pipes, electric wires and the like in concrete members are cleaned and removed, concrete blocks are broken and removed, and the impurities in the concrete blocks are sorted, cleaned and removed; then, further crushing and screening the demolished concrete blocks to prepare a coarse artificial sand product with the particle size not greater than 5 mm;
s2, taking the following raw materials in parts by mass (each part by mass is 1 kg): mixing 90 parts by mass of ordinary portland cement with the strength grade of 42.5 and 10 parts by mass of admixture silica fume, adding 35 parts by mass of water, 1.5 parts by mass of a water reducing agent and 0.05 part by mass of a retarder, and uniformly mixing to prepare cement slurry;
s3, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 in the cement slurry prepared in the step S2 for 1 hour, draining water, standing for 2 hours, then passing through a screen, and spraying cement powder to the sieved artificial sand crude product by using a hot air dryer, so that the water content of the artificial sand crude product is reduced, the cement slurry on the surface of the artificial sand is promoted to be hardened, and the artificial sand is prepared;
and S3, sieving the artificial sand again, and stacking the artificial sand according to the particle size classification, wherein the primary particle size is 2.5-5.0 mm, the secondary particle size is 1.25mm-2.5 mm, and the tertiary particle size is less than or equal to 1.25mm.
Example 5
The preparation method of the artificial sand in the embodiment is basically the same as that of the embodiment 3, except that: and step S3, directly adopting a hot air dryer to carry out surface slurry hardening treatment on the sieved coarse artificial sand without spraying cement powder.
Performance testing
Respectively testing the porosity, the water absorption and the roughness of the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 and the artificial sand prepared in the step S3 in the embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the specific test method comprises the following steps:
the porosity test method adopts mercury pressing method; the water absorption test method is according to the water absorption test of JGJ52-2006 sand; the roughness test method is according to T0345-2005 fine aggregate angular test (flow time method); the test method of the crushing value refers to JGJ52-2006 artificial sand crushing value index test.
The performance of each artificial sand was tested by the above method, and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 EXAMPLES 1 TO 4 TEST RESULTS OF PERFORMANCE OF ARTIFICIAL SAND CREAM PRODUCED IN STEP S1 AND ARTIFICIAL SAND PRODUCED IN STEP S3
Figure 323040DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
As can be seen from Table 1, the coarse artificial sand prepared in step S1 of examples 1 to 3 has a porosity of 23.5%, a water absorption of 9.6%, and a roughness (flow time) of 25.3 seconds; the artificial sand prepared in the step S3 has partially closed pores, the porosity and the water absorption are both reduced, the particle shape of the artificial sand particles is improved, the surface is smoother, the obstruction among the particles is less when the particles flow out from the funnel, the roughness is reduced, and the performance of the artificial sand is improved. In step S1, the high strength grade cement, low water-to-gel ratio, high activity admixture is beneficial to reducing the crush value of the artificial sand. As can be seen from the results of the performance tests of the artificial sand in examples 1 to 4, in step 2, the polymer emulsion is beneficial to reducing the porosity, water absorption, surface roughness and crushing value of the artificial sand. The results of the performance test of the artificial sand of comparative example 3 and example 5 show that the spraying of the cement powder in step 3 is advantageous for reducing the porosity, water absorption, surface roughness and crush value of the artificial sand.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the artificial sand is characterized by comprising the following steps;
s1, crushing waste concrete to prepare a coarse artificial sand product;
s2, soaking the artificial sand crude product prepared in the step S1 by adopting cement slurry, draining water after soaking, standing, sieving in hot air, and drying in hot air;
the cement slurry is prepared from water, a cementing material, a water reducing agent, a retarder and a polymer emulsion;
the cementing material comprises 50-100% of cement and 0-50% of admixture by total mass of the cementing material; the admixture is at least one of silica fume, slag powder and fly ash, the silica fume accounts for 0-15% of the mass of the cementing material, the slag powder accounts for 0-50% of the mass of the cementing material, and the fly ash accounts for 0-25% of the mass of the cementing material; the amount of the water reducing agent accounts for 0.5-2.5% of the mass of the cementing material; the amount of the retarder accounts for 0-1.5% of the mass of the cementing material; the using amount of the polymer emulsion accounts for 6-20% of the mass of the cementing material; the dosage of the admixture and the retarder is not 0;
in the step S1, the particle size of the artificial sand crude product is less than or equal to 5m;
in the step S2, spraying cement powder to the artificial sand crude product while carrying out hot air drying treatment;
in the step S2, the water-to-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 0.25-0.50.
2. The method of producing artificial sand according to claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of lignosulfonate-based water reducing agents, naphthalene-based water reducing agents, melamine-based water reducing agents, sulfamate-based water reducing agents, fatty acid-based water reducing agents, and polycarboxylic acid-based water reducing agents.
3. The method for preparing artificial sand according to claim 1, wherein the retarder is at least one selected from lignosulfonate, molasses, sucrose and zinc salt.
4. The method for preparing artificial sand according to claim 1, wherein the soaking time in the step S2 is 1 to 2h.
5. The method for preparing artificial sand according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step S1, before the waste concrete is crushed, the waste concrete is subjected to impurity removal treatment.
6. Artificial sand produced by the method for producing artificial sand according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
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CN112408829B (en) * 2020-11-20 2022-10-21 广东省建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司 Solid waste reclaimed sand and preparation method and application thereof
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