CN111941993A - Composite material rail transit floor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material rail transit floor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111941993A CN111941993A CN202010590260.4A CN202010590260A CN111941993A CN 111941993 A CN111941993 A CN 111941993A CN 202010590260 A CN202010590260 A CN 202010590260A CN 111941993 A CN111941993 A CN 111941993A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
- B32B37/1018—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure using only vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
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Abstract
The invention discloses a composite material rail transit floor and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of rail transit floor materials. According to the composite material rail transit floor prepared by the invention, the upper panel is made of the quartz sand composite material, so that the composite material rail transit floor has the characteristics of high hardness, wear resistance, easiness in cleaning, flame retardance and the like, the middle of the composite material rail transit floor is made of core materials such as foam, balsa aluminum honeycomb and the like, so that the composite material rail transit floor has the effects of higher damping coefficient, shock absorption, noise reduction and the like, and the lower panel is made of the glass fiber composite material. The composite material rail transit floor disclosed by the invention is low in VOC (volatile organic compounds) and meets the corresponding environmental protection standard. The composite material rail transit floor is light in weight, high in strength, flame-retardant, noise-reducing, convenient to disassemble, assemble and maintain, capable of saving secondary bonding of floor leather and more environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rail transit floor materials, in particular to a composite material rail transit floor and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The existing rail transit floor is an aluminum plate, floor leather is paved on the aluminum plate, the problems of heavy weight, odor, inconvenience in floor maintenance, inconvenience in cleaning and the like of the existing floor are urgently needed to be solved, a great possible space is provided for the composite material floor, the floor made of the composite material is light in weight, high in strength, large in rigidity, non-toxic, odorless and low in VOC (volatile organic compound) emission, weight reduction, vibration reduction, noise reduction, heat insulation, environmental protection, easiness in maintenance and cleaning are achieved, comfort and safety of vehicles are improved, energy is saved, environmental protection is realized, maintenance cost is reduced, and the composite material floor becomes an ideal rail transit structural member. In addition to their use as interior trim materials for rail transit, composite materials are also becoming more and more widely used in load-bearing structures.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the subway floor made of the multilayer composite material has the advantages of light weight, high strength, high rigidity, no toxicity, no odor and low VOC emission.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the composite material rail transit floor is of a sandwich structure, and the sandwich structure is prepared by an upper panel, a sandwich layer and a lower panel through a vacuum bag pressing or mould pressing process.
Preferably, the upper panel is a quartz sand layer, the sandwich layer is one of structural foam, balsa wood, aluminum honeycomb, a corrugated aluminum plate and the like, and the lower panel is a glass fiber layer.
Preferably, the surface of the quartz sand layer is embedded with a fluorescent strip with an indication function, and the fluorescent strip and the quartz sand layer are integrally formed.
Preferably, the surface of the quartz sand layer contains a skid-proof wear-resistant layer.
A preparation method of the composite material rail transit floor comprises the following specific steps:
1. manufacturing a fluorescent band:
(1) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 16; weighing gas silicon according to the weight ratio of the hand lay-up resin to the gas silicon of 100: 5-60, and adding the gas silicon into the component A of the hand lay-up resin to mix to obtain a mixture I;
(2) mixing white sand and black sand according to the mass ratio of 6: 1-3 to obtain quartz sand; adding quartz sand into the first mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a second mixture;
(3) weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4: 0.5-2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the mixture II to mix to obtain a mixture III;
(4) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture III to mix to obtain a mixture IV;
(5) and adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture IV, mixing, pouring into a mold, strickling, curing at 80 ℃ for 20min, and carrying out the next step when the initial solid state is reached.
Or preparing the fluorescent band by adopting the following method:
(A) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 16; weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4: 0.5-2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the component A of the hand-pasted resin for mixing to obtain a mixture alpha;
(B) adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture alpha, and mixing to obtain a mixture beta;
(C) 2 layers of 50g/m are paved on the surface of the mould2Uniformly coating the prepared mixture beta on a glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate bubbles, so that no wrinkles are formed;
(D) curing at 80 ℃ for 2h, and cutting according to the size requirement after complete curing to obtain the required fluorescent strip;
2. and (3) composite preparation of the sandwich structure: and compounding the quartz sand layer, the sandwich layer and the glass fiber layer in sequence from bottom to top by adopting a vacuum bag pressing or mould pressing process to obtain the rail transit floor with the sandwich structure.
Preferably, the molding process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and raising the temperature of the upper flat plate die and the lower flat plate die to 80 ℃, and demolding the lower die to an operation station.
(2) A, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16. And adding the talcum powder into the component A to be mixed according to the mass ratio of the mixed resin (A + B) to the talcum powder of 100: 10-60 to obtain a mixture V.
(3) Mixing white sand and black sand of quartz sand according to a mass ratio of 6: 1-3; adding quartz sand into the mixed resin (A + B) according to the mass ratio of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a mixture six.
(4) Weighing carbon black according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin to the carbon black of 100: 0.01-0.05, and adding the carbon black into the mixture six for mixing to obtain a mixture seven;
(5) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture seven to mix to obtain a mixture eight;
(6) adding the hand-paste resin component B into the mixture eight, and mixing to obtain a mixture nine;
(7) paving the fluorescent belt at the bottom of the mold, pouring the mixed substance nine into the mold paved with the fluorescent belt, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth to obtain a quartz sand layer;
(8) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the quartz sand layer2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass felt by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles, so that wrinkles are avoided;
(9) paving structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate as core material;
(10) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass felt by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles, so that wrinkles are avoided;
(11) on the glass matA layer of 600g/m is paved on the upper layer2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass cloth and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles, and repeating the steps to lay a layer of 600g/m2Glass cloth, which is coated with hand-paste resin and eliminates air bubbles;
(12) immediately feeding the lower die into the pressing station for 20 s; rapidly closing the mold for 60 s; slowly closing the die for 4s, setting the pressure of the plate to be 0.5-2.0 Mpa after closing the die, keeping the pressure for hot pressing for 2h, completing die pressing, removing resin and the like on the surface of the plate, and ensuring the cleanness of the plate and the surface of the die;
(13) glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate;
(14) the surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
Preferably, the vacuum bag pressing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) a, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16. And adding the talcum powder into the component A to be mixed according to the mass ratio of the mixed resin (A + B) to the talcum powder of 100: 10-60 to obtain a mixture V.
(2) Mixing white sand and black sand of quartz sand according to a mass ratio of 6: 1-3; adding quartz sand into the mixed resin (A + B) according to the mass ratio of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a mixture six.
(3) Weighing carbon black according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin to the carbon black of 100: 0.01-0.05, and adding the carbon black into the mixture six for mixing to obtain a mixture seven;
(4) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture seven to mix to obtain a mixture eight;
(5) adding the hand-paste resin component B into the mixture eight, and mixing to obtain a mixture nine;
(6) paving the fluorescent belt at the bottom of the mold, pouring the mixed substance nine into the mold paved with the fluorescent belt, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth to obtain a quartz sand layer;
(7) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the quartz sand layer2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-lay-up resin on a glass felt by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles without wrinkles;
(8) paving structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate as core material;
(9) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-lay-up resin on a glass felt by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles without wrinkles;
(8) a layer of 600g/m is paved and adhered on the glass felt2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the resin needs to soak the glass cloth and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles, and repeating the steps to lay a 600g/m layer2Glass cloth, which is coated with hand-paste resin and eliminates air bubbles;
(10) laying an isolation film and a flow guide net on the glass cloth, and laying a vacuum system;
(11) after the vacuum degree of the vacuum system is checked, continuously vacuumizing the paved vacuum bag at room temperature, stopping vacuumizing after the pressure value is stabilized for about half an hour, continuously keeping the current vacuum degree, ensuring that the vacuum degree of the vacuum bag is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa, and putting the vacuum bag into a drying room for curing at 80 ℃ for 2 hours;
(12) after the vacuumizing is finished, tools, auxiliary materials and the like of related vacuumized equipment are removed, and resin and the like residues on the surface of the plate are removed, so that the surfaces of the plate and the die are ensured to be clean;
(13) glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate;
(14) the surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the composite material rail transit floor adopts a sandwich structure, and has a good weight reduction effect.
2) According to the composite material rail transit floor, the panel is made of the glass fiber composite material, so that the damping coefficient is high, and the damping and noise reduction effects are good.
3) The composite material track traffic floor has the advantages that the panel is made of the glass fiber composite material, the heat conductivity coefficient is low, and the heat insulation effect is good.
4) The composite material rail transit floor disclosed by the invention is low in VOC (volatile organic compounds) and meets the corresponding environmental protection standard.
5) According to the composite material rail transit floor, the surface of the quartz sand layer is provided with the anti-skid wear-resistant material, so that the use of floor leather is omitted, the floor leather is not used for covering, the disassembly is convenient, and the maintenance is convenient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a manufacturing scheme of a composite material rail transit floor vacuum bag-pressing process flow.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a manufacturing scheme of a composite material rail transit floor and a molding process flow.
Detailed Description
The following examples are included to provide further detailed description of the present invention and to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, concise, and exact understanding of the principles and spirit of the invention.
Example 1: the raw materials used in the present invention include:
1. the environment-friendly flame-retardant hand-paste resin of the novel material of Idaxol and lake, namely Wu lake Limited, comprises A, B components, and the hand-paste resin can be prepared after A and B are mixed. Wherein the mass ratio of two parts of A epoxy resin NEP-127, diluent XY-622, diluent XY-636, coupling agent KH-560 and defoaming agent BYK-A530 in the component A is 80: 15: 5: 0.65: 0.35, the mass ratio of the polyether amine curing agent D230, the curing accelerator N-AEP and the curing agent IPDA in the component B is 16.5: 0.6: 12.9.
2. a glass mat.
3. Glass fiber cloth.
4. And (4) quartz sand.
5. Talcum powder, gas silicon, carbon black and other fillers.
6. And (3) chopped glass fibers.
7. Sandwich materials such as structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate and the like;
8. anti-skid and wear-resistant materials;
a vacuum bag press for composite rail transit flooring is as follows (as shown in fig. 1):
the first step is as follows: fluorescent tape fabrication
The components are mixed in the following sequence, and a high-speed dispersion machine is required to be used for stirring uniformly after each mixing.
(1) The mould 1 of the required thickness is placed on the operating platform according to the size requirement.
(2) A, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16.
(3) Adding the gas silicon into the component A to mix according to the weight ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the gas silicon of 100: 5.
(4) White sand and black sand of quartz sand are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6: 1.
(5) Adding quartz sand into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand-paste resin (A + B) of 5:3, and mixing.
(6) And adding and mixing the fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4: 0.5.
(7) And adding the chopped glass fibers into the mixed mixture (A + B + quartz sand) and 3mm chopped glass fibers according to the mass ratio of 100:0.1, and mixing.
(8) Adding the hand-paste resin B component and mixing.
(9) Pouring the mixture into a mould 1, and scraping the mixture by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth.
(10) Curing at 80 deg.C for 20min until the initial solid state is reached, and performing the next step.
The second step is that: sheet material composite
The components are mixed in the following sequence, and a high-speed dispersion machine is required to be used for stirring uniformly after each mixing.
(1) The mould 2 of the required thickness is placed centrally on the operating platform.
(2) A, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16.
(3) And (3) adding the talcum powder into the component A and mixing according to the mass ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the talcum powder of 100: 10.
(4) White sand and black sand of quartz sand are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6: 1.
(5) Adding quartz sand into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand-paste resin (A + B) of 5:3, and mixing.
(6) Adding carbon black into the hand-pasted resin (A + B) and the carbon black according to the mass ratio of 100:0.01, and mixing.
(7) And adding the chopped glass fibers into the mixed mixture (A + B + quartz sand) and 3mm chopped glass fibers according to the mass ratio of 100:0.1, and mixing.
(8) Adding the hand-paste resin B component and mixing.
(9) And pouring the quartz sand mixture added with the component B into a mold 2 paved with a fluorescent band, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth.
(10) Further spreading a layer of 50g/m2And (3) uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles.
(11) Paving and pasting core materials such as structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate and the like.
(12) A layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2And (3) uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles.
(13) A layer of 600g/m is paved and adhered on the glass felt2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the resin needs to soak the glass cloth and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles, and repeating the steps to lay a 600g/m layer2Glass cloth, hand lay-up resin coated and air bubbles excluded.
(14) Laying an isolating membrane and a flow guide net on the glass cloth, and laying a vacuum system.
(15) After the vacuum degree of the vacuum system is checked, continuously vacuumizing the paved vacuum bag at room temperature, stopping vacuumizing after the pressure value is stabilized for about half an hour, continuously maintaining the current vacuum degree, ensuring that the vacuum degree of the vacuum bag is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa, and placing the vacuum bag into a drying room for curing at 80 ℃ for 2 hours.
(16) After the vacuumizing is finished, tools, auxiliary materials and the like of related vacuumized equipment are removed, and resin and the like on the surface of the plate are removed, so that the surface of the plate and the surface of the die are clean.
(17) Glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate.
(18) The surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
Example 2: the rest is the same as example 1 except that:
the first step is as follows: fluorescent tape fabrication
The mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the gas silicon is 100: 10;
the mass ratio of white sand to black sand in the quartz sand is 6: 3;
the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin (A + B) is 5: 5;
the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder is 4: 1.25.
The mass ratio of the mixed material (A + B + quartz sand) to the 10mm chopped glass fiber is 100: 0.3.
The second step is that: sheet material composite
The mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the talcum powder is 100: 20;
the mass ratio of white sand to black sand in the quartz sand is 6: 3;
the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin (A + B) is 5: 5;
the mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the carbon black is 100: 0.02;
the mass ratio of the mixed material (A + B + quartz sand) to the 10mm chopped glass fiber is 100: 0.3.
Example 3: the rest is the same as example 1 except that:
the mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the gas silicon is 100: 15;
the mass ratio of white sand to black sand in the quartz sand is 6: 2;
the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin (A + B) is 5: 3;
the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder is 4: 1.25.
The mass ratio of the mixed material (A + B + quartz sand) to the 3mm chopped glass fiber is 100: 0.3.
The second step is that: sheet material composite
The mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the talcum powder is 100: 20;
the mass ratio of white sand to black sand in the quartz sand is 6: 2;
the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin (A + B) is 5: 3;
the mass ratio of the hand lay-up resin (A + B) to the carbon black is 100: 0.04;
the mass ratio of the mixed material (A + B + quartz sand) to the 3mm chopped glass fiber is 100: 0.3.
Example 4: the rest of the steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, except that the manufacturing process of the fluorescent strip is different:
(A) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 16; weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4:1.2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the component A of the hand-pasted resin for mixing to obtain a mixture alpha;
(B) adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture alpha, and mixing to obtain a mixture beta;
(C) 2 layers of 50g/m are paved on the surface of the mould2Uniformly coating the prepared mixture beta on a glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate bubbles, so that no wrinkles are formed;
(D) and (3) carrying out curing treatment at 80 ℃ for 2h, and cutting according to the size requirement after complete curing to obtain the required fluorescent belt.
Example 5: the starting materials were as in example 1.
The molding process of the composite material rail transit floor is as follows (as shown in figure 2):
the first step is as follows: fluorescent tape fabrication
The components are mixed in the following sequence, and a high-speed dispersion machine is required to be used for stirring uniformly after each mixing.
(1) And raising the temperature of the upper flat plate die and the lower flat plate die to 80 ℃, and demolding the lower die to an operation station.
(2) The die 1 of the required thickness is placed on the press lower plate die according to the size requirements.
(3) A, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16.
(4) Adding gas silicon into the component A to mix according to the weight ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the gas silicon of 100: 40.
(5) White sand and black sand of quartz sand are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6: 1-3.
(6) Adding quartz sand into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand-paste resin (A + B) of 5:4, and mixing.
(7) And adding and mixing the fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4:1.
(8) And adding the chopped glass fibers into the mixed mixture (A + B + quartz sand) and 5mm chopped glass fibers according to the mass ratio of 100:0.2, and mixing.
(9) Adding the hand-paste resin B component and mixing.
(10) Pouring the mixture into a mold, and scraping the mixture by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth.
(11) Curing at 80 deg.C for 20min until the initial solid state is reached, and performing the next step.
The second step is that: sheet material composite
The components are mixed in the following sequence, and a high-speed dispersion machine is required to be used for stirring uniformly after each mixing.
(1) The die 2 of the required thickness is placed on the lower flat die according to the size requirements.
(2) A, B components of the hand-paste resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100: 16.
(3) And (3) adding the talcum powder into the component A and mixing according to the mass ratio of the hand-paste resin (A + B) to the talcum powder of 100: 40.
(4) White sand and black sand of quartz sand are mixed according to the mass ratio of 6: 2.
(5) Adding quartz sand into the mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand-paste resin (A + B) of 5:4, and mixing.
(6) Adding the carbon black into the hand-pasted resin (A + B) and the carbon black according to the mass ratio of 100:0.03, and mixing.
(7) And adding the chopped glass fibers into the mixed mixture (A + B + quartz sand) and 5mm chopped glass fibers according to the mass ratio of 100:0.2, and mixing.
(8) Adding the hand-paste resin B component and mixing.
(9) And pouring the quartz sand mixture added with the component B into a mold 2 paved with a fluorescent band, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth.
(10) Laying a layer of 50g/m2And (3) uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles.
(11) Paving and pasting core materials such as structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate and the like.
(12) A layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2And (3) uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles.
(13) A layer of 600g/m is paved and adhered on the glass felt2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the resin needs to soak the glass cloth and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles, and repeating the steps to lay a 600g/m layer2Glass cloth, hand lay-up resin coated and air bubbles excluded.
(14) Immediately feeding the lower die into the die to a pressing station for about 20 s; rapidly closing the mold for about 60 s; slowly closing the die for about 4s, setting the pressure of the plate to be 0.5Mpa after closing the die, keeping the pressure for hot pressing for 2h, finishing the die pressing, removing the resin and the like on the surface of the plate, and ensuring the cleanness of the plate and the surface of the die.
(15) Glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate.
(16) The surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
Example 6: the rest is the same as example 5 except that:
the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder is 4:2, and the pressure of the plate is set to be 2.0MPa after die assembly is completed.
Example 7: the rest is the same as example 5 except that:
the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder is 4:1.25, and the pressure of the plate is set to be 1.25MPa after die assembly is completed.
Example 8: the rest of the steps are the same as those of the embodiment 5, except that the manufacturing process of the fluorescent strip is different:
(A) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 16; weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4:2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the component A of the hand-pasted resin for mixing to obtain a mixture alpha;
(B) adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture alpha, and mixing to obtain a mixture beta;
(C) 2 layers of 50g/m are paved on the surface of the mould2Uniformly coating the prepared mixture beta on a glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate bubbles, so that no wrinkles are formed;
(D) and (3) carrying out curing treatment at 80 ℃ for 2h, and cutting according to the size requirement after complete curing to obtain the required fluorescent belt.
The composite material rail transit floor prepared in example 3 and the existing rail transit floor were subjected to performance and environmental tests, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1 test results of performance and environmental protection of rail transit floors
In conclusion, the composite material track traffic floor provided by the invention adopts a sandwich structure, and has a good weight reduction effect. According to the composite material rail transit floor, the panel is made of the glass fiber composite material, so that the damping coefficient is high, and the damping and noise reduction effects are good. The composite material track traffic floor has the advantages that the panel is made of the glass fiber composite material, the heat conductivity coefficient is low, and the heat insulation effect is good. The composite material rail transit floor disclosed by the invention is low in VOC (volatile organic compounds) and meets the corresponding environmental protection standard. According to the composite material rail transit floor, the surface of the quartz sand layer is provided with the anti-skid wear-resistant material, so that the use of floor leather is omitted, the floor leather is not used for covering, the disassembly is convenient, and the maintenance is convenient.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention cannot be limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention; the technology not related to the invention can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (8)
1. The composite material rail transit floor is characterized by being of a sandwich structure, wherein the sandwich structure is prepared from an upper panel, a sandwich layer and a lower panel through a vacuum bag pressing or mould pressing process.
2. A composite material rail traffic floor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper panel is a quartz sand layer, the sandwich layer is one of structural foam, balsa wood, aluminum honeycomb, a wavy aluminum plate and the like, and the lower panel is a glass fiber layer.
3. A composite material rail traffic floor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the surface of the quartz sand layer is inlaid with a fluorescent band with an indication function, and the fluorescent band and the quartz sand layer are integrally formed.
4. A composite material rail traffic floor as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the surface of the quartz sand layer contains an anti-skid wear-resistant layer.
5. A method for producing a composite material rail transit floor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) manufacturing a fluorescent band:
(A) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 27; weighing gas silicon according to the weight ratio of the hand lay-up resin to the gas silicon of 100: 5-60, and adding the gas silicon into the component A of the hand lay-up resin to mix to obtain a mixture I;
(B) mixing white sand and black sand according to the mass ratio of 6: 1-3 to obtain quartz sand; adding quartz sand into the first mixture according to the mass ratio of the quartz sand to the hand lay-up resin of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a second mixture;
(C) weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4: 0.5-2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the mixture II to mix to obtain a mixture III;
(D) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture III to mix to obtain a mixture IV;
(E) adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture IV, mixing, pouring into a mould, strickling, curing at 80 ℃ for 20min, and carrying out the next step when the initial solid state is reached;
(2) and (3) composite preparation of the sandwich structure: and compounding the fluorescent belt, the quartz sand layer, the sandwich layer and the glass fiber layer in sequence from bottom to top by adopting a vacuum bag pressing or mould pressing process to obtain the rail transit floor with the sandwich structure.
6. A method for producing a composite material rail transit floor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) manufacturing a fluorescent band:
(A) weighing A, B components of the hand-paste resin according to the mass ratio of 100: 16; weighing fluorescent powder according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin (A + B) to the fluorescent powder of 4: 0.5-2, and adding the fluorescent powder into the component A of the hand-pasted resin for mixing to obtain a mixture alpha;
(B) adding the component B of the hand-paste resin into the mixture alpha, and mixing to obtain a mixture beta;
(C) 2 layers of 50g/m are paved on the surface of the mould2Uniformly coating the prepared mixture beta on a glass mat by using a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass mat and eliminate bubbles, so that no wrinkles are formed;
(D) curing at 80 ℃ for 2h, and cutting according to the size requirement after complete curing to obtain the required fluorescent strip;
(2) and (3) composite preparation of the sandwich structure: and compounding the fluorescent belt, the quartz sand layer, the sandwich layer and the glass fiber layer in sequence from bottom to top by adopting a vacuum bag pressing or mould pressing process to obtain the rail transit floor with the sandwich structure.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the step of forming the composite material rail traffic floor comprises: the mould pressing process comprises the following specific steps:
(1) raising the temperature of the upper flat plate die and the lower flat plate die to 80 ℃, and demolding the lower die to an operation station;
(2) a, B components of the hand lay-up resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100:16, and the talcum powder is added into the A component and mixed according to the mass ratio of 100: 10-60 of the mixed hand lay-up resin (A + B) and the talcum powder to obtain a mixture V;
(3) mixing white sand and black sand of quartz sand according to a mass ratio of 6: 1-3; adding quartz sand into the mixed resin (A + B) according to the mass ratio of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a mixture six;
(4) weighing carbon black according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin to the carbon black of 100: 0.01-0.05, and adding the carbon black into the mixture six for mixing to obtain a mixture seven;
(5) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture seven to mix to obtain a mixture eight;
(6) adding the hand-paste resin component B into the mixture eight, and mixing to obtain a mixture nine;
(7) paving the fluorescent belt at the bottom of the mold, pouring the mixed substance nine into the mold paved with the fluorescent belt, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth to obtain a quartz sand layer;
(8) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the quartz sand layer2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass felt by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles, so that wrinkles are avoided;
(9) paving structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate as core material;
(10) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-pasted resin on the glass felt by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles, so that wrinkles are avoided;
(11) a layer of 600g/m is paved and adhered on the glass felt2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the hand-pasted resin needs to permeate the glass cloth and eliminate air bubbles without wrinkles, and repeating the steps to lay a layer of 600g/m2Glass cloth, which is coated with hand-paste resin and eliminates air bubbles;
(12) immediately feeding the lower die into the pressing station for 20 s; rapidly closing the mold for 60 s; slowly closing the die for 4s, setting the pressure of the plate to be 0.5-2.0 Mpa after closing the die, keeping the pressure for hot pressing for 2h, completing die pressing, removing resin and the like on the surface of the plate, and ensuring the cleanness of the plate and the surface of the die;
(13) glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate;
(14) the surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of forming the composite material rail traffic floor comprises: the vacuum bag pressing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) a, B components of the hand lay-up resin are weighed according to the mass ratio of 100:16, and the talcum powder is added into the A component and mixed according to the mass ratio of 100: 10-60 of the mixed hand lay-up resin (A + B) and the talcum powder to obtain a mixture V;
(2) mixing white sand and black sand of quartz sand according to a mass ratio of 6: 1-3; adding quartz sand into the mixed resin (A + B) according to the mass ratio of 5: 3-5, and mixing to obtain a mixture six;
(3) weighing carbon black according to the mass ratio of the hand-pasted resin to the carbon black of 100: 0.01-0.05, and adding the carbon black into the mixture six for mixing to obtain a mixture seven;
(4) weighing chopped glass fibers according to 0.1-0.3% of the total weight of the hand-paste resin and the quartz sand, and adding the chopped glass fibers with the length of 3-10 mm into the mixture seven to mix to obtain a mixture eight;
(5) adding the hand-paste resin component B into the mixture eight, and mixing to obtain a mixture nine;
(6) paving the fluorescent belt at the bottom of the mold, pouring the mixed substance nine into the mold paved with the fluorescent belt, and scraping by using a scraper to ensure that the surface is smooth to obtain a quartz sand layer;
(7) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the quartz sand layer2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-lay-up resin on a glass felt by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles without wrinkles;
(8) paving structural foam/balsa wood/aluminum honeycomb/corrugated aluminum plate as core material;
(9) a layer of 50g/m is paved on the upper surface of the core material2Uniformly coating the prepared hand-lay-up resin on a glass felt by using a scraper, wherein the resin needs to permeate the glass felt and eliminate bubbles without wrinkles;
(8) a layer of 600g/m is paved and adhered on the glass felt2Uniformly coating the glass cloth with the prepared hand-pasted resin by a scraper, wherein the resin needs to be soakedRemoving bubbles from the glass cloth without wrinkles, repeating the above steps, and spreading a layer of 600g/m2Glass cloth, which is coated with hand-paste resin and eliminates air bubbles;
(10) laying an isolation film and a flow guide net on the glass cloth, and laying a vacuum system;
(11) after the vacuum degree of the vacuum system is checked, continuously vacuumizing the paved vacuum bag at room temperature, stopping vacuumizing after the pressure value is stabilized for about half an hour, continuously keeping the current vacuum degree, ensuring that the vacuum degree of the vacuum bag is less than or equal to-0.095 MPa, and putting the vacuum bag into a drying room for curing at 80 ℃ for 2 hours;
(12) after the vacuumizing is finished, tools, auxiliary materials and the like of related vacuumized equipment are removed, and resin and the like residues on the surface of the plate are removed, so that the surfaces of the plate and the die are ensured to be clean;
(13) glass transition temperature test: sampling at the edge of the plate, and testing the glass transition temperature Tg of the material by adopting DSC, wherein the Tg is qualified when being more than or equal to 80 ℃; if the Tg does not meet the requirement, heating to 90 ℃ for curing, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish the manufacturing of the plate;
(14) the surface is sprayed with the antiskid wear-resistant layer, so that falling down during walking is prevented, and meanwhile, impact of sharp objects is reduced.
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Application publication date: 20201117 |