CN114013151B - Gradient multilayer damping material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Gradient multilayer damping material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114013151B
CN114013151B CN202111399419.5A CN202111399419A CN114013151B CN 114013151 B CN114013151 B CN 114013151B CN 202111399419 A CN202111399419 A CN 202111399419A CN 114013151 B CN114013151 B CN 114013151B
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damping
layer
layers
constraint
epoxy resin
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CN114013151A (en
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李姜
郭少云
袁念眉
熊光超
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Chengdu Macko Polymer Materials Co ltd
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Chengdu Macko Polymer Materials Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/06—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of natural rubber or synthetic rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/095—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/18—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber comprising butyl or halobutyl rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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    • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
    • C08J9/36—After-treatment
    • C08J9/40—Impregnation
    • C08J9/42—Impregnation with macromolecular compounds
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/51—Elastic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
    • C08J2323/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
    • C08J2323/22—Copolymers of isobutene; butyl rubber
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    • C08J2345/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic radicals in side chain, and having one or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds in a carbocyclic or in a heterocyclic ring system; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C08J2405/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2401/00 or C08J2403/00
    • C08J2405/16—Cyclodextrin; Derivatives thereof
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    • C08J2423/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of high polymer materials, in particular to a gradient multilayer damping material; the damping layers and the restraint layers with different elastic moduli are alternately stacked, and the restraint layers are arranged from small to large in elastic modulus in a direction away from the coated substrate; the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein the porous polyurethane layer is externally coated with an epoxy resin layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer. The constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, the constraint layers with smaller elastic modulus are closer to the matrix, the shearing loss of the damping layers and the constraint layers is changed from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted to each damping layer to the greatest extent, so that different temperature ranges of the damping layers are utilized to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the higher the damping temperature of the damping layer is, the higher the strength of the material is, and the binding effect of the constraint layer with higher elastic modulus and the damping layer with higher strength can be better realized.

Description

Gradient multilayer damping material and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field, in particular to a gradient multilayer damping material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The restraint damping structure is used for absorbing and consuming the internal energy of the equipment to reduce vibration and noise of the equipment. The current applied level is a plurality of layers of constraint damping materials, and the damping performance of the damping structure is improved on the whole by arranging a plurality of layers of damping layers, so that the damping temperature range is enlarged.
Patent CN112092844a discloses a light wide temperature range layered constraint damping noise reduction section and a preparation method, which is to adhere an IIR/EP layered constraint damping structure on the surface of an aluminum section, wherein the layered constraint damping structure comprises multiple layers of IIR, IIR is used as a damping layer, EP is used as a constraint layer, and the use temperature range of damping materials can be widened by the multiple layers of damping layers, so that the weight reduction of the damping structure is realized.
However, in this scheme, the constraining force of the single-component constraining layer on the damping layer is weak, and the overall damping performance of the constraining damping structure is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a gradient multilayer damping material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the gradient multilayer damping material is provided with a plurality of damping layers and a plurality of constraint layers, the constraint layers are arranged according to gradients, the constraint force of the constraint layers on the damping layers is improved, the constraint layers are provided with porous epoxy resin layers, and when the constraint layers are stressed, the constraint layers can consume internal energy to play a certain damping role, so that the damping performance of the multilayer damping structure is improved as a whole.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a gradient multilayer damping material comprises a plurality of damping layers with different glass transition temperatures and a plurality of constraint layers with different elastic moduli, wherein the damping layers and the constraint layers are alternately stacked, and the constraint layers are arranged from small to large in elastic modulus in a direction away from a coated substrate;
the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein the porous polyurethane layer is externally coated with an epoxy resin layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer.
In the invention, the constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, the constraint layers with smaller elastic modulus are closer to the matrix, the shearing loss of the damping layers and the constraint layers is changed from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted to each damping layer to the greatest extent, so that the different temperature ranges of the damping layers are utilized to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the higher the damping temperature of the damping layer is, the higher the strength of the material is, and the binding effect of the constraint layer with higher elastic modulus and the damping layer with higher strength can be better realized.
In the invention, the constraint layer comprises porous polyurethane and aluminum flakes, and the aluminum flakes in the constraint layer can limit the motion of the damping layer, and the epoxy resin and the polyurethane can provide a certain damping effect, so that the constraint layer has the function of constraining the damping layer and also has a certain damping effect.
Further, the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler and 5-10 parts of solvent;
wherein the reinforcing filler is one or more of chopped glass fiber, chopped basalt fiber and carbon fiber with the length of 0.1-0.5 mm.
In the invention, the reinforcing filler is added into the epoxy resin, on one hand, the epoxy resin layers with different elastic moduli can be obtained by adjusting the proportion of the reinforcing filler, and on the other hand, the added short fibers are filled into the epoxy resin, so that the strength of the epoxy resin is improved, the weight of the epoxy resin layer is reduced, and the weight of the constraint layer is further reduced.
Further, the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler, 5-10 parts of solvent, 30-50 parts of cyclodextrin and 1-5 parts of coupling agent.
And a certain amount of cyclodextrin is also added into the epoxy resin layer, a large amount of hydroxyl exists in the cyclodextrin, the hydroxyl and the molecular chain of the epoxy resin form hydrogen bonds, and in the stress process, the hydrogen bonds are continuously broken and recombined to consume internal energy, so that the epoxy resin layer also has a certain damping effect, and the damping property of the multilayer material is further improved.
Furthermore, the damping layers are arranged from low glass transition temperature to high glass transition temperature, the aluminum sheet is positioned between the two damping layers, and the aluminum sheet is in adhesive connection with the damping layer with lower glass transition temperature.
The damping layers are arranged from low to high according to the glass transition temperature, the constraint layers are arranged from small to large according to the elastic modulus, and the damping layers and the constraint layers are matched with each other, namely, the small elastic modulus is matched with the low glass transition temperature, so that the damping performance of the damping layers is larger. When the substrate covered with the multi-layer damping material is vibrated, one side close to the substrate is stressed firstly, the stress is more obvious, the damping layer with low glass transition temperature is close to the substrate, the damping layer with high damping temperature continuously deforms under stress along with the continuous propagation of the force, and more deformation energy is generated. The damping performance of the structure is mainly caused by the shearing deformation of the damping layers, and the gradient arrangement of the damping layers has the advantage that different damping layers can generate shearing deformation at different temperatures, so that the damping temperature is widened. The constraint layers with different elastic moduli are arranged in a gradient manner with the damping layers with different glass transition temperatures, and the damping contribution of each constraint layer can be exerted to the maximum extent.
Further, the porous polyurethane layer is polyurethane rigid foam, the thickness of the porous polyurethane layer is 0.1mm-0.5mm, and the average pore diameter is 50-100um.
Further, the damping layer is butyl rubber or a blend of butyl rubber and hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene resin.
Further, the difference between the glass transition temperatures of the adjacent damping layers is 5 ℃ or more.
Further, the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is 1500MPa-2500MPa, wherein the elastic modulus difference of two adjacent constraint layers is more than or equal to 200MPa.
Further, the thickness of the damping layer is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the thickness of the constraint layer is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a gradient multi-layer damping material, comprising the steps of
S1, plasticating 100phr of butyl rubber on a two-roll mill for 10min, adding 100phr of CaCO3, then hydrogenating dicyclopentadiene resin to obtain blending, and then adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerator to mix for 10min on the two-roll mill, and mixing uniformly;
s2, carrying out mould pressing vulcanization on a flat vulcanizing machine under the vulcanization condition of 165 ℃ multiplied by T90 and 20MPa, wherein T90 is positive vulcanization time, and obtaining the product by a vulcanization curve test; then placing the vulcanized blend on a hot-press forming machine, hot-pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ and 10MPa, and cold-pressing to room temperature under the same pressure to form a damping layer;
s3, adding raw materials into epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, immersing porous polyurethane into the epoxy resin, then taking out, loading an aluminum sheet on one side of the porous polyurethane, and curing and forming at room temperature to obtain a constraint layer;
s4, the damping layer prepared in the step S2 and the constraint layer prepared in the step S3 are stacked in a staggered mode, and the damping layer and the constraint layer are mutually bonded to obtain the multi-layer damping material.
The invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:
in the invention, the multi-layer damping material comprises a plurality of constraint layers and a plurality of damping layers, wherein the constraint layers are alternately arranged with the damping layers according to gradients, the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is arranged from small to large, the constraint layers with smaller elastic modulus are closer to a matrix, the shearing loss of the damping layers and the constraint layers is changed from small to large, and the mechanical vibration energy can be transmitted to each damping layer to the greatest extent, so that different temperature ranges of the damping layers are utilized to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the higher the damping temperature of the damping layer is, the higher the strength of the material is, and the binding effect of the constraint layer with higher elastic modulus and the damping layer with higher strength can be better realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view in partial cross-section of an inventive multi-layer damping material;
icon: 1-damping layer, 2-constraint layer, 21-porous polyurethane layer, 22-aluminum flake, 23-epoxy resin layer.
Detailed Description
Examples:
preparing a damping layer; plasticating 100phr IIR on a two-roll mill for 10min, adding 100phr CaCO3, then adding 50,100,150 and 200phr of HDCPD resin to prepare blended rubber with different HDCPD contents, then respectively adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerator into the blended rubber, mixing for 10min on the two-roll mill, uniformly mixing to obtain mixed rubber with different HDCPD contents, carrying out compression molding vulcanization on a flat vulcanizing machine, setting the vulcanization condition to 165 ℃ x T90 and 20MPa, taking a certain amount of vulcanized IIR on a hot-press forming machine, carrying out hot-pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ and 10MPa, and then carrying out cold pressing to room temperature under the same pressure to prepare damping layer sheets with different HDCPD contents, wherein the damping layer sheets are sequentially marked as IIR1, IIR2, IIR3 and IIR4;
preparation of the constraining layer: selecting porous polyurethane and aluminum flakes with different thicknesses, adding a curing agent, chopped glass fibers and a solvent into epoxy resin, then immersing the porous polyurethane into the epoxy resin, taking out, loading the aluminum flakes on one side of the porous polyurethane, and curing and forming at room temperature to obtain constraint layers E1, E2, E3 and E4 respectively, wherein E1< E2< E3< E4 are sequentially carried out according to the elastic modulus; the composition ratios of the specific epoxy resin layers are shown in table 2.
Preparation of a multilayer damping material: the damping material is prepared by using a steel plate with the thickness of 1mm as a base material, staggerly stacking the damping layers and the constraint layers, bonding the constraint layers and the damping layers together by using the self-adhesiveness of the damping layer material to obtain a multi-layer structure damping material, and bonding the multi-layer structure damping material on the base material.
Table 1 multilayer damping materials of examples 1-5
TABLE 2 formulations of epoxy resin layers of examples 1-5
Epoxy resin Curing agent Reinforcing filler Solvent(s)
E1 100 10 5 10
E2 100 10 10 10
E3 100 10 15 10
E4 100 10 20 10
In Table 2, the epoxy resin is identified by the trade name E20, the curing agent is phenolic amine, the reinforcing filler is chopped glass fiber of 0.15mm, and the solvent is diglycidyl ester. In other embodiments of the invention, chopped basalt fibers, carbon fibers of different lengths may also be employed.
Comparative examples 1 to 5:
the damping layers and constraining layers prepared in examples 1-5 were selected and a multilayer constrained damping material was prepared according to the lamination scheme in table 2. Wherein, comparative examples 1-4 all employed the same lamination method as examples 1-4, except that in comparative example 1, a plurality of constraining layers, E1, were all arranged without gradient; in comparative example 2, the plurality of constraints were all E2; in comparative example 3, the plurality of constraining layers were all E3; in comparative example 4, the plurality of constraining layers were arranged with the elastic modulus from small to large, and the damping layers were arranged with the glass transition temperature from large to small; in comparative example 5, the damping layer and the constraining layer were disposed in the same manner as in example 5, except that in comparative example 5, the damping layer thicknesses were different.
Table 3 Multi-layer damping Material of comparative examples 1-5
The steel material loaded with the damping material of examples 1 to 5 and the damping material steel material of comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to DMA (dynamic thermo-mechanical analysis) test on the cantilever beam to obtain composite damping factors of the respective damping structures, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 damping factors of the multilayer damping materials of examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-5
Among the multi-layer damping materials prepared in examples 1-5, the damping factors of examples 1, 2 and 5 at-30-70 ℃ are above 0.14, which accords with the use standard of the vessel damping materials, namely the effective damping temperature ranges of the damping material bases of examples 1, 2 and 5 are-30-70 ℃.
In examples 1 to 5, the damping layers, the gradient arrangement order of the damping layers, and the thicknesses of the constraining layers were the same as those of comparative examples 1 to 5, but in examples 1 to 5, the elastic modulus of each constraining layer was different from that of comparative examples 1 to 5, and examples 1 to 5 were subjected to gradient arrangement of the constraining layers. Specifically, the damping factor after constrained layer gradient design in example 1 is significantly better than the damping factor without constrained layer gradient design in comparative example 1. Similarly, the damping factor after constrained layer gradient design in example 2 was significantly better than the damping factor without constrained layer gradient design in comparative example 1. The damping performance of the multi-layer damping material can be obviously improved by arranging the constraint layers with different elastic moduli according to a certain gradient.
The damping layer, the gradient arrangement order of the damping layer and the elastic modulus of the constraining layer adopted in the embodiment 1 are the same as those in the embodiments 2 and 3, and the thickness of the constraining layer adopted in the embodiment 1 is different from those in the embodiments 2 and 3. Specifically, the damping factor of 0.5mm for the constraining layer in example 1 is significantly better than the damping factor of 1mm for the constraining layer in comparative example 2. The damping factor of 1mm for the constraining layer in example 2 is significantly better than the damping factor of 1.5mm for the constraining layer in example 3. The thickness of the constraint layer is in the range of 0.5-1.5mm, the smaller the thickness of the constraint layer is, the more the damping performance of the multilayer damping material is improved, and in the invention, the thickness of the constraint layer is set in the range of 0.5-1.5mm, so that the obtained multilayer damping material can meet the needs of ships. .
The damping layer, the thickness of the constraining layer and the elastic modulus of the constraining layer adopted in the embodiment 1 are the same as those in the embodiment 4, and the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layer adopted in the embodiment 1 is different from that in the embodiment 4. Specifically, in the embodiment 1, the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layer is IIR1, IIR2, IIR3, IIR4 and is arranged from low to high according to the glass transition temperature, and in the embodiment 4, the gradient arrangement sequence of the damping layer is IIR4, IIR3, IIR2, IIR1 and is arranged from high to low according to the glass transition temperature; the damping factor of example 1 is slightly higher than that of example 4 at-30-40 ℃ and the damping factor of example 4 is higher than that of example 1 at 50-70 ℃, which means that the gradient arrangement order of the damping layers is arranged from low to high according to the glass transition temperature, and the damping performance of the multi-layer damping material can be obviously improved.
The damping layer, the gradient arrangement order of the damping layer and the thickness of the constraining layer adopted in the embodiment 1 are the same as those in the embodiment 5, and the gradient arrangement order of the constraining layer adopted in the embodiment 1 is different from that in the embodiment 5. Specifically, in example 1, the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers is that the E1, E2, E3 and E4 are arranged according to the elastic modulus from low to high, in example 5, the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers is that the E4, E3, E2 and E1 are arranged according to the elastic modulus from high to low, and the damping factors of example 1 are higher than those of example 5, which means that the gradient arrangement sequence of the constraining layers is arranged according to the elastic modulus from low to high, the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be obviously improved, but compared with the constraining layers in the comparative example, the damping factors of example 1 and example 5 are higher than those of the comparative example, which means that the damping performance of the multilayer damping material can be improved by arranging the constraining layers in a gradient manner.
Examples 6 to 10
The difference from examples 1 to 5 is that the raw material formulations of the constraining layers of examples 6 to 10 are different, and specifically the formulations of the epoxy resin layers of examples 6 to 10 are shown in Table 5;
table 5 epoxy layer formulations of examples 6-10
Epoxy resin Curing agent Reinforcing filler Solvent(s) Cyclodextrin Coupling agent
E1 100 30 5 10 50 5
E2 70 15 10 10 30 4
E3 80 20 15 5 35 3
E4 90 25 20 5 45 1
An epoxy resin layer was prepared in the formulation of table 5, wherein the thickness and arrangement of the damping layer and the constraining layer of the multilayer damping material of example 6 were the same as those of example 1, example 7 was the same as example 2, example 8 was the same as example 3, example 9 was the same as example 4, and example 10 was the same as example 5.
The damping materials prepared in examples 6 to 10 were tested for damping factors at different temperatures using the same test means, and the structures of the damping materials in examples 6 to 10 are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6 damping factors of the multilayer damping materials of examples 6-10
Temperature/. Degree.C -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Example 6 0.299 0.292 0.295 0.171 0.163 0.171 0.176 0.251 0.194 0.156 0.189
Example 7 0.263 0.255 0.287 0.163 0.158 0.169 0.170 0.222 0.178 0.165 0.203
Example 8 0.252 0.244 0.262 0.159 0.149 0.150 0.162 0.169 0.177 0.172 0.179
Example 9 0.292 0.271 0.263 0.162 0.144 0.152 0.164 0.212 0.199 0.183 0.211
Example 10 0.293 0.265 0.266 0.198 0.175 0.171 0.198 0.214 0.195 0.191 0.199
As can be seen from table 6, the constraining layer prepared from the epoxy resin has a certain damping effect by adding cyclodextrin and coupling agent to the epoxy resin layer, and the constraining layer is used for preparing a multi-layer damping material, which has improved damping values at various temperatures (compared with examples 1 to 5).
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A gradient multilayer damping material, characterized in that: the damping layers and the restraint layers with different elastic moduli are alternately stacked, and the restraint layers are arranged from small to large in elastic modulus in a direction away from the coated substrate;
the restraint layer comprises a porous polyurethane layer and an aluminum sheet, wherein the porous polyurethane layer is externally coated with an epoxy resin layer, and the aluminum sheet is attached to one side of the epoxy resin layer;
the preparation method of the gradient multilayer damping material comprises the following steps:
s1, plasticating 100phr of butyl rubber on a two-roll mill for 10min, adding 100phr of CaCO3, then hydrogenating dicyclopentadiene resin to obtain blending, and then adding sulfur, zinc oxide, stearic acid and an accelerator to mix for 10min on the two-roll mill, and mixing uniformly;
s2, carrying out mould pressing vulcanization on a flat vulcanizing machine under the vulcanization condition of 165 ℃ multiplied by T90 and 20MPa, wherein T90 is positive vulcanization time, and obtaining the product by a vulcanization curve test; then placing the vulcanized blend on a hot-press forming machine, hot-pressing for 5min at 130 ℃ and 10MPa, and cold-pressing to room temperature under the same pressure to form a damping layer;
s3, adding raw materials into epoxy resin, uniformly mixing, immersing a porous polyurethane layer into the epoxy resin, then taking out, loading an aluminum sheet on one side of the porous polyurethane, and curing and forming at room temperature to obtain a constraint layer;
s4, the damping layer prepared in the step S2 and the constraint layer prepared in the step S3 are overlapped in a staggered mode, and the damping layer and the constraint layer are mutually bonded to obtain the multi-layer damping material;
the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler and 5-10 parts of solvent;
wherein the reinforcing filler is one or more of chopped glass fiber, chopped basalt fiber and carbon fiber with the length of 0.1-0.5 mm;
the porous polyurethane layer is polyurethane rigid foam, the thickness of the porous polyurethane layer is 0.1mm-0.5mm, and the average pore diameter is 50-100um.
2. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: the epoxy resin layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight,
70-100 parts of epoxy resin, 10-30 parts of curing agent, 5-20 parts of reinforcing filler, 5-10 parts of solvent, 30-50 parts of cyclodextrin and 1-5 parts of coupling agent.
3. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: the damping layers are arranged from low glass transition temperature to high glass transition temperature, the aluminum sheet is positioned between the two damping layers, and the aluminum sheet is in adhesive connection with the damping layer with lower glass transition temperature.
4. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: the damping layer is butyl rubber or a blend of butyl rubber and hydrogenated dicyclopentadiene resin.
5. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: and the difference of the glass transition temperatures of the adjacent damping layers is more than or equal to 5 ℃.
6. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: the elastic modulus of the constraint layers is 1500MPa-2500MPa, wherein the elastic modulus difference of two adjacent constraint layers is more than or equal to 200MPa.
7. The gradient multilayer damping material of claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the damping layer is 0.2mm-0.5mm, and the thickness of the constraint layer is 0.5mm-1.5mm.
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