CN111941571A - Thermal treatment method for thick wood plate - Google Patents
Thermal treatment method for thick wood plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN111941571A CN111941571A CN202010816981.2A CN202010816981A CN111941571A CN 111941571 A CN111941571 A CN 111941571A CN 202010816981 A CN202010816981 A CN 202010816981A CN 111941571 A CN111941571 A CN 111941571A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K5/00—Treating of wood not provided for in groups B27K1/00, B27K3/00
- B27K5/0085—Thermal treatments, i.e. involving chemical modification of wood at temperatures well over 100°C
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
- B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- B27K1/00—Damping wood
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a heat treatment method for a thick wood plate, and belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of wood. The technical scheme is as follows: and (3) heating the heat treatment equipment provided with the plate with the water content of less than 10% and the initial temperature of not less than 100 ℃ to the target temperature T after the time tau 1, and continuing to maintain the target temperature for the time tau 2 after the target temperature is reached. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat treatment method solves the problems that when the thick wood plate is subjected to heat treatment in industrial production, the surface layer of the thick wood plate core is heated asynchronously and the temperature difference is overlarge so as to cause uneven heat treatment in the thickness direction due to improper control of the heating process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wood heat treatment, in particular to a heat treatment method for a thick wood plate.
Background
With the implementation of the national natural forest protection project, the high-efficiency and value-added utilization of the artificial fast-growing forest has gradually become the key point of research and attention of domestic scientific research institutions and production enterprises. For a long time, the defects of high initial moisture content, large difference, easy generation of drying defect, loose material, poor mechanical property and dimensional stability and the like of the wood of the artificial fast-growing forest severely restrict the wide application of the wood in the furniture industry, and the wood can only be used as artificial board raw materials with low added value, paper making raw materials and the like.
For many years, researchers try to modify fast growing woods by using a chemical modification method and obtain certain results, but the chemical modified woods cause certain harm to human bodies and the environment in the preparation and use processes. The high-temperature thermal modification technology of the wood is the modification method which has the strongest practicability, obvious economic benefit and environmental friendliness in various modification methods of the wood at present. The high-temperature heat treatment of the wood is to heat the wood at a high temperature of 160-230 ℃ (commonly used 180-210 ℃), so that the moisture absorption and water absorption of the wood are reduced, the dimensional stability, the corrosion resistance and the weather resistance are improved, and the wood is a wood product with excellent performance, beautiful color and environmental friendliness. High temperature heat treatment of wood is also known as thermally modified wood. Internationally known as "Heat-Treated member" or "thermal Modified Wood".
At present, the treatment process for high-temperature heat treatment of wood mainly comprises the following three stages:
(1) and (3) a rapid drying stage: heating by adopting water vapor, and quickly raising the temperature in the heat treatment equipment to about 100 ℃ and then preserving the heat to reduce the water content in the wood;
(2) and (3) a heat treatment stage: after high-temperature drying, the temperature in the heat treatment equipment is raised to 185-215 ℃; after the required target temperature is reached, keeping the heat treatment temperature for 2-3 h according to experience;
(3) cooling and water content adjusting stage: the temperature is reduced by spraying water vapor, and when the temperature is reduced to 80-90 ℃, the humidity of the wood to be treated is adjusted to enable the water content to reach 4-7%.
However, the board obtained by the above treatment process is in the heat treatment stage, and the worker generally determines the time for keeping the heat treatment according to experience, and due to the fact that the surface layer of the thick wood board core is heated asynchronously and the temperature difference is too large, the heat treatment in the thickness direction is not uniform, and the problems of surface hardening, dry cracking, shrinkage, warping and the like of the board are caused, which can not well meet the use requirements of industries such as building materials, shipbuilding, wood floors, carriage bottom plates, furniture production and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat treatment method for a thick wood plate, which solves the problems that when the thick wood plate is subjected to heat treatment in industrial production, the surface layer of the thick wood plate core is heated asynchronously and the temperature difference is overlarge so as to cause uneven heat treatment in the thickness direction due to improper heating process control.
The invention is realized by the following measures:
the heat treatment method of the thick wood plate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment equipment provided with the plate with the water content of less than 10% and the initial temperature of not less than 100 ℃ to the target temperature T after the time tau 1, and continuing to maintain the target temperature for the time tau 2 after the target temperature is reached.
The time τ 1 is calculated according to equation (1):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
The time τ 2 is calculated according to equation (2):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
A high-temperature modification method for a wood thick plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) measuring the thickness d of the thick wood plate to be treated, selecting a target temperature T in the heat treatment stage according to the material and the application of the wood, and calculating the temperature rise time tau 1 and the target temperature keeping time tau 2 in the heat treatment stage according to the thickness d and the target temperature T;
(2) and (3) a drying stage: placing the board in heat treatment equipment, heating by adopting water vapor, and rapidly raising the temperature in the heat treatment equipment to about 100 ℃ to enable the water content of the wood to be below 10%;
(3) and (3) a heat treatment stage: raising the temperature inside the heat treatment equipment to a target temperature T after tau 1; when the target temperature is reached, keeping the target temperature for tau 2;
(4) cooling and water content adjusting stage: the temperature is reduced by spraying water vapor, and when the temperature is reduced to 80-90 ℃, the humidity of the wood to be treated is adjusted to enable the water content to reach 4-7%.
The time τ 1 is calculated according to equation (1):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
The time τ 2 is calculated according to equation (2):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
Because wood is an anisotropic heterogeneous polymer material, the heat treatment process of the wood thick plate is an unsteady state heat exchange process, and the heat transfer process of any differential point in the wood thick plate can be characterized by using a partial differential heat conduction equation and a Fourier law:
in formula (3):
t is the temperature at any differential point in the thick wood plate at the time of heat treatment tau, DEG C;
tau-heat treatment time of the thick wood plate, h;
lambda is the thermal conductivity of the wood slab, W/(m.deg.C);
c-specific heat of the wood slab, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
rho-Density of Thick Wood plate, kg/m3；
Theta is the amount of heat generated inside the wood plank per unit time and unit volume, in this example, because the wood plank is a non-internal heat source, theta is 0, W/m2。
(2) In the experiment, because the end capping treatment is carried out on the thick wood plate, the influence of the length of the wood on the heat transfer does not need to be considered, and the temperature of any differential point in the thick wood plate when the heat treatment time is tau is as follows:
assuming that the temperature of any differential point of the wood thick plate before the heat treatment is the same and the surface temperature of the wood thick plate is approximately equal to the temperature of water vapor during the heat treatment, equation (2) can be arranged as follows:
in formula (5):
τ 1-temperature of the water vapor medium in the heat treatment apparatus, ° c;
archordwise thermal conductivity coefficient of thick wood plate, m2/h；
atRadial thermal conductivity coefficient of wood slab, m2/h；
b, the width of the wood thick plate is mm;
h is the thickness of the wood thick plate, mm.
In the practical experiment process, the values of t in the formula (5) can be solved for the combination of the heat treatment thickness and the target temperature parameter of any group of thick wood plates, and three theoretical models are established according to the values:
the theoretical model formula of the surface temperature rise of the thick wood plate is as follows:
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t is the target temperature of the heat treatment of the wood thick plate, DEG C;
a theoretical model formula of temperature rise of a thick wood plate core layer:
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t is the target temperature of the heat treatment of the wood thick plate, DEG C;
the theoretical model formula of the wood thick plate heat preservation time can be obtained by the formula (1) and the formula (6):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the heat treatment method solves the problems that when the thick wood plate is subjected to heat treatment in industrial production, the surface layer of the thick wood plate core is heated asynchronously and the temperature difference is overlarge due to improper heating process control, so that the heat treatment in the thickness direction is uneven; the theoretical model of time in each stage is suitable for calculating the time for heat preservation of the heat treatment equipment when the core and the surface layer of the wood thick plate with different thicknesses reach a temperature balance state (namely the temperature of the core and the surface layer of the wood thick plate are basically the same) during heat treatment, and can also predict the time for the core and the surface layer of the wood thick plate to reach target temperature when the heat treatment equipment heats the wood thick plate according to the theoretical model. According to the method and the theoretical model, the heat treatment process of the wood thick plate is reasonably designed and optimized, and by using the process, the period of the heat treatment process of the wood thick plate can be shortened to the greatest extent, the drying energy consumption of the heat treatment process can be reduced, and the generation of heat treatment defects can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.
Example one
The heat treatment method of the thick wood plate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment equipment provided with the plate with the water content of less than 10% and the initial temperature of not less than 100 ℃ to the target temperature T after the time tau 1, and continuing to maintain the target temperature for the time tau 2 after the target temperature is reached.
The time τ 1 is calculated according to equation (1):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
The time τ 2 is calculated according to equation (2):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature for heat treatment of thick wood plates,. degree.C
Example two
A high-temperature modification method for a wood thick plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) measuring the thickness of a thick plate of wood to be treated by 40mm, selecting the target temperature of 180 ℃ in a heat treatment stage according to the material and the application of the wood, and performing heat treatment according to the thickness of 40mm and the target temperature of 180 ℃;
according to the formula (1),
calculating to obtain that the temperature rise time tau 1 in the heat treatment stage is 276.1 min;
according to the formula (2),
calculated, the target temperature is kept for 5.5min in the heat treatment stage for tau 2
(2) And (3) a drying stage: placing the board in heat treatment equipment, heating by adopting water vapor, and rapidly raising the temperature in the heat treatment equipment to about 100 ℃ to enable the water content of the wood to be below 10%;
(3) and (3) a heat treatment stage: raising the temperature inside the heat treatment equipment to a target temperature of 180 ℃ after 276.1 min; when the target temperature is reached, keeping the target temperature for 5.5 min;
(4) cooling and water content adjusting stage: the temperature is reduced by spraying water vapor, and when the temperature is reduced to 80-90 ℃, the humidity of the wood to be treated is adjusted to enable the water content to reach 4-7%.
Experiment 1
The experimental steps are as follows:
firstly, sawing a thick wood plate into a board with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 40mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness);
performing conventional drying treatment on the sawed plate in the step to enable the initial water content of the plate to be 8% -10%;
performing end sealing treatment on the dried plate by using self-adhesive aluminum foil paper;
fourthly, disposing a temperature sensor on the surface of the thick wood plate and in 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate;
fifthly, placing the thick wood plate into heat treatment equipment, and setting the target temperature to be 100 ℃;
sixthly, respectively recording the time required for the surface of the thick wood plate and the position 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate to reach the target temperature;
the experimental record shows that the heat preservation time required by the uniform heat treatment of the thick wood plate, the heat treatment time required by the core layer to reach the target temperature and the heat treatment time required by the surface layer to reach the target temperature are 7.2min, 63.4min and 56.2min respectively;
by adopting the high-temperature modification method of the wood thick plate in the second embodiment, the target temperature is set to be 100 ℃, the thermal treatment is carried out on the board with the same material quality of 150mm × 75mm × 40mm (length × width × thickness), the thermal treatment time of each stage is calculated according to the theoretical model formula of each stage, and the theoretical thermal insulation time of the wood thick plate and the theoretical temperature rise time of the surface layer of the wood thick plate are respectively 6.4min and 54.5 min.
Experiment 2
The experimental steps are as follows:
firstly, sawing a thick wood plate into a board with the length of 150mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 60mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness);
performing conventional drying treatment on the sawed plate in the step to enable the initial water content of the plate to be 8% -10%;
performing end sealing treatment on the dried plate by using self-adhesive aluminum foil paper;
fourthly, disposing a temperature sensor on the surface of the thick wood plate and in 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate;
fifthly, placing the thick wood plate into heat treatment equipment, and setting the target temperature to be 100 ℃;
sixthly, respectively recording the time required for the surface of the thick wood plate and the position 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate to reach the target temperature;
the experimental record shows that the heat preservation time required by the uniform heat treatment of the thick wood plate, the heat treatment time required by the core layer to reach the target temperature and the heat treatment time required by the surface layer to reach the target temperature are 7.1min, 110.4min and 103.3min respectively;
by adopting the method for modifying the wood thick plate at a high temperature in the second embodiment, the target temperature is set to be 100 ℃, the thermal treatment is performed on the board of the same material with the length of 150mm × 75mm × 60mm (length × width × thickness), the thermal treatment time of each stage is calculated according to the theoretical model formula of each stage, and the theoretical thermal insulation time of the wood thick plate and the theoretical temperature rise time of the surface layer of the wood thick plate are respectively 11.4min and 95.9 min.
Experiment 3
The experimental steps are as follows:
firstly, sawing a thick wood plate into a board with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 40mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness);
performing conventional drying treatment on the sawed plate in the step to enable the initial water content of the plate to be 8% -10%;
performing end sealing treatment on the dried plate by using self-adhesive aluminum foil paper;
fourthly, disposing a temperature sensor on the surface of the thick wood plate and in 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate;
fifthly, placing the thick wood plate into heat treatment equipment, and setting the target temperature to be 130 ℃;
sixthly, respectively recording the time required for the surface of the thick wood plate and the position 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate to reach the target temperature;
the experimental record shows that the heat preservation time required by the uniform heat treatment of the thick wood plate, the heat treatment time required by the core layer to reach the target temperature and the heat treatment time required by the surface layer to reach the target temperature are respectively 7.2min, 165.8min and 158.6 min;
by adopting the method for modifying the wood thick plate at a high temperature in the second embodiment, the target temperature is set to 130 ℃, the thermal treatment is performed on the board of the same material with the length of 150mm × 75mm × 40mm (length × width × thickness), the thermal treatment time of each stage is calculated according to the theoretical model formula of each stage, and the theoretical thermal insulation time of the wood thick plate and the theoretical temperature rise time of the surface layer of the wood thick plate are respectively 6.5min and 151.9 min.
Experiment 4
The experimental steps are as follows:
firstly, sawing a thick wood plate into a board with the length of 150mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 60mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness);
performing conventional drying treatment on the sawed plate in the step to enable the initial water content of the plate to be 8% -10%;
performing end sealing treatment on the dried plate by using self-adhesive aluminum foil paper;
fourthly, disposing a temperature sensor on the surface of the thick wood plate and in 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate;
fifthly, placing the thick wood plate into heat treatment equipment, and setting the target temperature to be 130 ℃;
sixthly, respectively recording the time required for the surface of the thick wood plate and the position 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate to reach the target temperature;
the experimental record shows that the heat preservation time required by the uniform heat treatment of the thick wood plate, the heat treatment time required by the core layer to reach the target temperature and the heat treatment time required by the surface layer to reach the target temperature are 41.4min, 288.5min and 247.1min respectively;
by adopting the method for modifying the wood thick plate at a high temperature in the second embodiment, the target temperature is set to 130 ℃, the thermal treatment is performed on the board of the same material with the length of 150mm × 75mm × 60mm (length × width × thickness), the thermal treatment time of each stage is calculated according to the theoretical model formula of each stage, and the theoretical thermal insulation time of the wood thick plate and the theoretical temperature rise time of the surface layer of the wood thick plate are respectively 45.7min and 233.3 min.
Experiment 5
The experimental steps are as follows:
firstly, sawing a thick wood plate into a board with the thickness of 150mm multiplied by 75mm multiplied by 40mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by thickness);
performing conventional drying treatment on the sawed plate in the step to enable the initial water content of the plate to be 8% -10%;
performing end sealing treatment on the dried plate by using self-adhesive aluminum foil paper;
fourthly, disposing a temperature sensor on the surface of the thick wood plate and in 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate;
fifthly, placing the thick wood plate into heat treatment equipment, and setting the target temperature to be 180 ℃;
sixthly, respectively recording the time required for the surface of the thick wood plate and the position 1/2 in the thickness direction of the thick wood plate to reach the target temperature;
the experimental record shows that the heat preservation time required by the uniform heat treatment of the thick wood plate, the heat treatment time required by the core layer to reach the target temperature and the heat treatment time required by the surface layer to reach the target temperature are respectively 5.5min, 281.6min and 276.1 min;
by adopting the high-temperature modification method of the wood thick plate in the second embodiment, the target temperature is set to 180 ℃, the thermal treatment is performed on the board of the same material with the length of 150mm × 75mm × 40mm (length × width × thickness), the thermal treatment time of each stage is calculated according to the theoretical model formula of each stage, and the theoretical thermal insulation time of the wood thick plate and the theoretical temperature rise time of the surface layer of the wood thick plate are respectively 6.5min and 269.0 min.
The comprehensive experiments 1-5 can show that the theoretical time of the model at each stage is close to the time recorded by the experiments, so that the problem of uneven heat treatment in the thickness direction caused by asynchronous temperature rise of the surface layer of the thick wood plate core and overlarge temperature difference due to improper temperature rise process control when the thick wood plate is subjected to heat treatment in industrial production is solved.
Claims (6)
1. The heat treatment method of the thick wood plate is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
and (3) heating the heat treatment equipment provided with the plate with the water content of less than 10% and the initial temperature of not less than 100 ℃ to the target temperature T after the time tau 1, and continuing to maintain the target temperature for the time tau 2 after the target temperature is reached.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time τ 1 is calculated according to equation (1):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the time τ 2 is calculated according to equation (2):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
4. A high-temperature modification method for a wood thick plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) measuring the thickness d of the thick wood plate to be treated, selecting a target temperature T in the heat treatment stage according to the material and the application of the wood, and calculating the temperature rise time tau 1 and the target temperature keeping time tau 2 in the heat treatment stage according to the thickness d and the target temperature T;
(2) and (3) a drying stage: placing the board in heat treatment equipment, heating by adopting water vapor, and rapidly raising the temperature in the heat treatment equipment to about 100 ℃ to enable the water content of the wood to be below 10%;
(3) and (3) a heat treatment stage: raising the temperature inside the heat treatment equipment to a target temperature T after tau 1; when the target temperature is reached, keeping the target temperature for tau 2;
(4) cooling and water content adjusting stage: the temperature is reduced by spraying water vapor, and when the temperature is reduced to 80-90 ℃, the humidity of the wood to be treated is adjusted to enable the water content to reach 4-7%.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the time τ 1 is calculated according to equation (1):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the time τ 2 is calculated according to equation (2):
d is the thickness of the wood thick plate, m 2/h;
t-target temperature of heat treatment of thick wood plate, DEG C.
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