CN111940262A - Surface treatment method for catalyzing esterification function of bio-oil through friction induction - Google Patents

Surface treatment method for catalyzing esterification function of bio-oil through friction induction Download PDF

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CN111940262A
CN111940262A CN202010859401.8A CN202010859401A CN111940262A CN 111940262 A CN111940262 A CN 111940262A CN 202010859401 A CN202010859401 A CN 202010859401A CN 111940262 A CN111940262 A CN 111940262A
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friction
oil
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friction pair
surface treatment
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CN111940262B (en
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徐玉福
彭玉斌
陈星�
包一琛
田明
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Hefei University of Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
    • B01J27/053—Sulfates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/002—Pretreatement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/007—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0272—After-treatment with ovens
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
    • B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers
    • B05D5/086—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers having an anchoring layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/362—Laser etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2202/00—Metallic substrate
    • B05D2202/10—Metallic substrate based on Fe
    • B05D2202/15—Stainless steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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Abstract

The invention discloses a surface treatment method for catalyzing biological oil esterification function by friction induction, which fills a catalyst on the surface of a friction pair by laser processing and texture filling technology to realize in-situ catalysis of biological oil esterification function in the friction process. The invention solves the problem of corrosion and abrasion of the bio-oil in situ through surface treatment. The surface treatment method is simple and easy to realize, is suitable for common carbon steel materials, can be combined with other surface treatment technologies such as surface coatings and the like, and can be widely applied to the fields of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, friction reduction, lubrication and the like of metal materials in a bio-oil environment.

Description

Surface treatment method for catalyzing esterification function of bio-oil through friction induction
One, the technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material surface treatment, and particularly relates to a surface treatment method for catalyzing biological oil esterification function by friction induction.
Second, background Art
With the rapid development of society, the demand for traditional fossil energy such as petroleum has increased year by year, however, the large-scale exploitation and use of fossil energy has caused energy crisis and global greenhouse effect. To solve these problems, a variety of new clean renewable energy sources have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional fossil energy sources. The bio-oil is a liquid fuel obtained by biomass through a pyrolysis technology, and is expected to replace the traditional fossil energy to be applied to an engine. Compared with the traditional fossil energy, the raw material of the bio-oil has wide source, multiple types and large quantity; the sulfur content in the bio-oil is low, and the pollutant gas discharged by combustion is less; the growth process of the raw material biomass can consume carbon dioxide through photosynthesis, and zero emission of carbon dioxide is realized in the whole period of the bio-oil. However, the bio-oil contains high content of acidic organic matters, which can corrode the friction pair of the engine in the use process of the bio-oil and shorten the service life of the engine. In order to alleviate the corrosion problem of the bio-oil, the applicant has invented bio-oil/diesel oil emulsification (chinese patent publication No. CN 101906331a) and catalytic esterification (chinese patent publication No. CN 103343055a) to modify the bio-oil, however, these treatment methods are all pre-treatment before the bio-oil is used, rather than in-situ treatment methods.
The in-situ treatment method has the obvious advantages of simplicity and high efficiency. The surface treatment is a process method for forming a surface layer with a specific function on the surface of a base material, and meets the requirements on corrosion resistance, wear resistance or other functions of the material. Aiming at the corrosion problem of biological oil, the preparation of the corrosion-resistant Ni-P coating on the surface of an engine material is an effective method, but the bonding force between the Ni-P coating and a substrate is a key factor for restricting the application of the Ni-P coating, and the Ni-P coating is easy to peel off and lose efficacy in the friction process. Therefore, the applicant invents a composite coating (Chinese patent publication No. CN104313554A) suitable for bio-oil environment, which has better corrosion resistance and wear resistance, however, the composite coating needs to be added with a plurality of lubricating particles and rare earth metals, and the process is more complicated. Therefore, there is a need for a new surface treatment method applied to bio-oil environment to solve the problem of corrosive wear of bio-oil on the surface of material in situ.
Third, the invention
The invention aims to provide a surface treatment method for catalyzing the esterification function of bio-oil by friction induction aiming at the defects of corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the surface of a material in a bio-oil environment, so that the problem of corrosion and abrasion of bio-oil on the surface of the material is solved in situ.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a surface treatment method for catalyzing biological oil esterification function by friction induction, which comprises the following steps:
1) texturing the surface of the friction pair by using laser, processing the texture shape into a long strip shape, wherein the width of the texture is 80-105 mu m, the space between the textures is 200-500 mu m, the depth of the texture is 8-40 mu m, the laser power is 3-5W, polishing the surface by using metallographic abrasive paper after texturing, and removing burrs;
2) dispersing 1.8-6g of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 0.2-4g of catalyst powder into 100mL of absolute ethanol solution according to the mass ratio (60-90%) (10-40%), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-10min by using a probe type ultrasonic processor, then quickly filtering out mixed powder, and drying at 80 ℃ to remove residual ethanol to obtain uniformly mixed powder;
3) uniformly spreading the uniformly mixed powder on the surface of the friction pair after the texture treatment, covering a layer of weighing paper, loading 5-10MPa on a tablet press, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10min to obtain a pre-pressed friction pair;
4) transferring the pre-pressed friction pair into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, cooling along with the furnace, taking out, polishing by metallographic abrasive paper to remove redundant PTFE on the surface of the friction pair, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the surface with the friction induced catalysis bio-oil esterification function;
wherein the catalyst in the step 2) is prepared from FeSO4·7H2The particle size of O prepared by freeze drying and calcining is 200-600nm
Figure BDA0002647536330000021
The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: adding 20-100g/L FeSO4·7H2Placing the O water solution into a freeze dryer to be dried for 48-72h under vacuum at-56 ℃ to obtain dried FeSO4Ultra-fine powder; dispersing the dried powder in n-butanol according to the proportion of 1g to 20mL, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 h; then centrifugally filtering and drying, and finally calcining the dried product in a tubular furnace at 500-600 ℃ for 4-6 h.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
(1) the invention relates to SO with specific composition and structure2 4-/Fe2O3The catalyst is filled on the surface of the friction pair, so that pretreatment processes such as catalytic esterification and the like before the bio-oil is used are avoided, the activity of the catalyst can be enhanced through friction, the bio-oil can be subjected to in-situ catalytic esterification in the friction process, and the corrosive wear behavior of the bio-oil is improved in situ by changing the components of the bio-oil.
(2) The invention adopts the texture parameters with specific shape and size, thereby ensuring the filling effect and the friction catalysis esterification effect; in addition, PTFE and the catalyst adopt a specific proportion and a dispersing and pressing method, so that the in-situ improvement of the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the material in the bio-oil environment is realized, and the surface lubricating property can be enhanced.
(3) The surface treatment method has wide application range, is suitable for common carbon steel materials, and can be combined with other surface treatment technologies such as Ni-P coating and the like to further improve the tribological property of the coating.
(4) The method has the advantages of simple process, convenient operation and low cost, and the general equipment can meet the technical requirements.
Description of the drawings
FIG. 1 is a particle size distribution diagram of a catalyst prepared in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a catalyst prepared according to an example of the present invention, wherein the inset shows a partial enlarged view of the catalyst.
FIG. 3 is a graph of an energy spectrum of a catalyst prepared in an example of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an embodiment of the present inventionEXAMPLES catalyst and FeSO4The drawing is a partial enlarged drawing.
FIG. 5 shows a catalyst and FeSO prepared according to an embodiment of the present invention4X-ray diffraction contrast chart of (1).
FIG. 6(a) shows the surface 3D appearance of the friction pair of the embodiment 1 after laser marking, and (b) shows the surface 3D appearance of the friction pair of the embodiment 1 after filling the surface with the catalyst.
FIG. 7(a) is the gas chromatogram of the QT600 friction pair lubrication product of the bio-oil of example 2 after surface treatment, (b) is the mass spectrum comparison graph of the QT600 friction pair lubrication product of the bio-oil of example 2 after surface treatment and standard glyceryl monoacetate, and (c) is the mass spectrum comparison graph of the QT600 friction pair lubrication product of the bio-oil of example 2 after surface treatment and standard glyceryl triacetate.
Fifth, detailed description of the invention
The preparation of the catalyst in the following examples: 5g of FeSO47H2Dissolving O in 100mL of deionized water; the prepared solution is put into a freeze dryer for vacuum drying for 50h at the temperature of-56 ℃ to obtain dried FeSO4Ultra-fine powder; dispersing the dried powder in a n-butanol solution according to the proportion of 1g:20mL, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment in a probe type ultrasonic processor for 2 h; then centrifugally filtering and drying, and finally calcining the dried product in a tubular furnace at 550 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the catalyst
Figure BDA0002647536330000031
A catalyst.
As can be seen from FIGS. 1-5, the particle size of the catalyst is between 220-530nm, the distribution is relatively uniform, and the infrared spectrum of the catalyst appears
Figure BDA0002647536330000032
Typical characteristic peak, Fe appears in X-ray diffraction2O3The diffraction peak, S content, reached 7.22 at%, indicating that,
Figure BDA0002647536330000033
successfully loaded in Fe2O3Surface, successfully prepare
Figure BDA0002647536330000034
A catalyst.
Example 1:
1) texturing the surface of a QT600 friction pair by using a laser marking machine, processing the texture shape into long strips, wherein the width of the texture is 85 micrometers, the interval of the texture is 200 micrometers, the depth of the texture is 35 micrometers, the laser marking power is 4.5W, and polishing by using metallographic abrasive paper after texturing to remove burrs.
2) Dispersing 4g of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 1g of catalyst powder into 100mL of absolute ethanol solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min by using a probe type ultrasonic processor, then quickly filtering out mixed powder, and drying at 80 ℃ to remove residual ethanol to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
3) Uniformly spreading the uniformly mixed powder on the surface of the friction pair after the texture treatment, covering a layer of weighing paper, and loading 10MPa on a tablet press for 10min under pressure to obtain the pre-pressed friction pair.
4) And (3) moving the pre-pressed friction pair into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at 350 ℃, cooling along with the furnace, taking out, polishing by metallographic abrasive paper to remove redundant PTFE on the surface of the friction pair, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the surface with the friction induced catalytic esterification function.
After the 3D surface topography of the friction pair after the laser marking and filling process in this embodiment is tested, as shown in fig. 6(a) and 6(b), it is seen that the surface of the friction pair after the surface treatment is smooth, and the strip texture formed by the laser marking is filled and leveled by the PTFE/catalyst.
The performance of the friction-induced catalytic bio-oil esterification on the surface of the friction pair is evaluated on a pin-disc reciprocating friction wear tester. Wherein, the lower sample plate is QT600, and the upper sample pin is GCr 15; the experimental load is 50N; the friction time is 1 h; the lubricating liquid is biological oil. The specific components of the lubricated biological oil are tested by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the friction catalysis performance of the surface treatment friction pair is represented by calculating the ratio of glyceride to glycerol in the lubricated biological oil. The test results are shown in table 1: the untreated QT600 friction pair had an average coefficient of friction of 0.15 and a wear rate of 4.14X 10-6mm3N m; in the embodiment, the tribological performance of the QT600 friction pair after surface treatment is obviously improved, the average friction coefficient is 0.08, and the wear rate is 3.57 multiplied by 10-6mm3The ratio of glyceride to glycerol in the lubricated bio-oil was 2.49, indicating that the friction-induced catalytic bio-oil esterification function was significant.
Example 2:
1) texturing the surface of a QT600 friction pair by using a laser marking machine, processing the texture shape into long strips, wherein the width of the texture is 85 micrometers, the interval between the textures is 200 micrometers, the depth of the texture is 35 micrometers, the laser marking power is 4.5W, and polishing by using metallographic abrasive paper after marking treatment to remove burrs.
2) Dispersing 3g of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 2g of catalyst powder into 100mL of absolute ethanol solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min by using a probe type ultrasonic processor, then quickly filtering out mixed powder, and drying at 80 ℃ to remove residual ethanol to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The tribology test conditions were the same as in example 1. The test results are shown in table 1: the untreated QT600 friction pair had an average coefficient of friction of 0.15 and a wear rate of 4.14X 10-6mm3N m; in the embodiment, the tribological performance of the QT600 friction pair after surface treatment is obviously improved, the average friction coefficient is 0.14, and the wear rate is 2.97 multiplied by 10-6mm3and/N × m, the GC-MS results of the bio-oil after lubrication are shown in fig. 7(a) -7 (c), the bio-oil generates monoacetin and triacetin after the surface-treated friction pair is lubricated, and the ratio of glyceride to glycerol in the bio-oil after lubrication is 3.04, which indicates that the friction-induced catalytic bio-oil esterification function is significant.
Example 3:
1) texturing the surface of the friction pair plated with the Ni-P coating by using a laser marking machine, processing the texture shape into a long strip shape, wherein the width of the texture is 85 micrometers, the interval of the texture is 200 micrometers, the depth of the texture is 35 micrometers, the laser marking power is 4.5W, and polishing by using metallographic abrasive paper after marking treatment to remove burrs.
2) Dispersing 1.8g of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 1.2g of catalyst powder into 100mL of absolute ethanol solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 5min by using a probe type ultrasonic processor, then quickly filtering out mixed powder, and drying at 80 ℃ to remove residual ethanol to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
The rest of the procedure was the same as in example 1.
The test sample plate under tribology test is the sample treated with Ni-P coating in this example, and other tribology conditions were the same as in example 1. The test results are shown in table 2: the average friction coefficient of the untreated Ni-P coating was 0.24 and the wear rate was 1.87X 10-6mm3N m; in the embodiment, the tribological performance of the Ni-P coating after surface treatment is obviously improved, the average friction coefficient is 0.21, and the wear rate is 1.43 multiplied by 10-6mm3And the ratio of glyceride to glycerol in the lubricated bio-oil is 3.10, which shows that the friction induction catalytic bio-oil esterification function is remarkable.
TABLE 1 Friction wear and Friction catalytic esterification Performance before and after surface treatment of QT600 Friction partner
Figure BDA0002647536330000051
TABLE 2 Friction wear and friction catalytic esterification performance before and after surface treatment of Ni-P coating plated friction pair
Figure BDA0002647536330000052

Claims (2)

1. A surface treatment method for catalyzing biological oil esterification function by friction induction is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) texturing the surface of the friction pair by using laser, processing the texture shape into a long strip shape, wherein the width of the texture is 80-105 mu m, the space between the textures is 200-500 mu m, the depth of the texture is 8-40 mu m, the laser power is 3-5W, polishing the surface by using metallographic abrasive paper after texturing, and removing burrs;
2) dispersing 1.8-6g of polytetrafluoroethylene and 0.2-4g of catalyst powder into 100mL of absolute ethanol solution according to the mass ratio (60-90%) (10-40%), carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2-10min by adopting a probe type ultrasonic processor, then quickly filtering out mixed powder, and drying at 80 ℃ to remove residual ethanol to obtain uniformly mixed powder;
3) uniformly spreading the uniformly mixed powder on the surface of the friction pair after the texture treatment, covering a layer of weighing paper, loading 5-10MPa on a tablet press, and maintaining the pressure for 5-10min to obtain a pre-pressed friction pair;
4) and (3) transferring the pre-pressed friction pair into a muffle furnace, calcining for 1h at the temperature of 300-400 ℃, cooling along with the furnace, taking out, polishing by using metallographic abrasive paper to remove redundant polytetrafluoroethylene on the surface of the friction pair, and ultrasonically cleaning to obtain the surface with the friction-induced catalysis bio-oil esterification function.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalyst of step 2) is FeSO4·7H2The particle size of O prepared by freeze drying and calcining is 200-600nm
Figure FDA0002647536320000011
The preparation method of the catalyst comprises the following steps: 20-100g/L of FeSO4·7H2Vacuum drying O water solution in freeze dryer at-56 deg.C for 48-72 hr to obtain dried FeSO4Ultra-fine powder; dispersing the dried powder in n-butanol according to the proportion of 1g to 20mL, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2 h; then centrifugally filtering and drying, and finally calcining the dried product in a tubular furnace at 500-600 ℃ for 4-6 h.
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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105176695A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-12-23 合肥工业大学 Method for in situ esterification of bio-oil through friction catalysis by using graphene oxide

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105176695A (en) * 2015-07-17 2015-12-23 合肥工业大学 Method for in situ esterification of bio-oil through friction catalysis by using graphene oxide

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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YUFU XU ET AL: "Fabrication and tribological characterization of the laser textured boron cast iron surfaces", 《SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY》 *

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