CN111939497A - Intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for electric automobile and fire extinguishing method thereof - Google Patents
Intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for electric automobile and fire extinguishing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111939497A CN111939497A CN202010697464.8A CN202010697464A CN111939497A CN 111939497 A CN111939497 A CN 111939497A CN 202010697464 A CN202010697464 A CN 202010697464A CN 111939497 A CN111939497 A CN 111939497A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
- A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
- A62C37/40—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator
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- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile and a fire extinguishing method thereof. Although the existing automatic fire extinguishing device has simple structure and fire extinguishing function, the efficiency, the range and the opportunity of fire extinguishing still need to be improved. The fire extinguisher comprises a fire extinguisher main body, a connecting pipeline, a spraying fire extinguishing module and a fault identification circuit. A spraying fire-extinguishing module is arranged at a key node in each electric loop of the electric automobile. The spraying fire-extinguishing module comprises an adjustable spray head, a spray head adjusting and driving assembly, a water pipe and an electromagnetic valve. The adjustable spray head comprises a central main spray head, n springs and n branch spray heads. Each key node in the electric automobile corresponds to one fault identification positioning circuit. The invention adds a fault recognition circuit, realizes alarming and pre-extinguishing, and greatly improves the safety of the electric automobile. In addition, the adjustable spray head capable of adjusting the spray range is arranged, so that targeted single-point fire extinguishing and global fire extinguishing can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobile safety, and particularly relates to an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile.
Background
With the popularization of electric vehicles, the holding amount thereof is rapidly increasing. But the number of accidents caused by fire of the electric automobile is increased. The main part that electric automobile catches fire at present concentrates on motor cabin and battery compartment. Electric automobile takes place to catch fire and traditional fuel vehicle is different, in case catch fire, and the intensity of a fire develops rapidly for the driver does not have enough time to put out a fire, leads to even leading to can't flee for one's life, endangers life.
Although the existing automatic fire extinguishing apparatus has a simple structure, the fire extinguishing efficiency, range and timing are still to be improved. The current electric automobile prevalence increases fast, and the vehicle is obviously increased because of the incident of collision fire and spontaneous combustion, and the electric automobile is fiercely when on fire, and traditional automatic fire extinguishing device extinguishing efficiency is low, and it is long to start the time delay of putting out a fire, and can not detect out the short circuit that the position of catching fire and lead to on fire.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile.
The invention relates to an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile,
the invention discloses an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile, which comprises a fire extinguisher main body, a connecting pipeline, a spraying fire extinguishing module and a fault identification circuit. The fire extinguisher main body is installed on a chassis of the electric automobile. The output port of the fire extinguisher main body is connected with the input port of the throttle valve through a fire extinguishing agent output pipeline. And a plurality of spraying fire extinguishing modules are arranged in the battery compartment and the motor compartment. A spraying fire-extinguishing module is arranged at a key node in each electric loop of the electric automobile. The connecting pipeline is divided into two fire extinguishing branches from the throttle valve, is respectively communicated with the battery compartment and the motor cabin and is connected to all the spraying fire extinguishing modules.
The spraying fire-extinguishing module comprises an adjustable spray head, a spray head adjusting and driving assembly, a water pipe and an electromagnetic valve. The adjustable spray head comprises a central main spray head, n springs and n branch spray heads. The n branch nozzles are hinged with the edge of the central main nozzle and are connected through springs; the hinged shaft of the branch spray nozzle and the central main spray nozzle is positioned at the edge of the front surface of the central main spray nozzle. Each branch nozzle is driven to turn over by the nozzle adjusting and driving component. The inner parts of the central main spray head and each branch spray head are provided with flow passages, and the front surfaces of the central main spray head and each branch spray head are provided with a plurality of spray holes communicated with the flow passages; the flow channels in the central main nozzle are connected to the flow channels in the n branch nozzles by hoses. The flow passage in the central main spray head is connected to the corresponding fire extinguishing branch passage through a water pipe and an electromagnetic valve.
Each key node in the electric automobile corresponds to one fault identification positioning circuit. The fault location circuit includes an operational amplifier U1, a power amplifier U3, and an SR flip-flop U2. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to one terminal of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a reference voltage es(ii) a Resistor R4 is connected to ground; the forward supply terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a reference voltage esAnd the reverse power supply terminal is grounded. The output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and an S pin of an SR trigger U2; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to ground. An output pin of the power amplifier U3 is connected with an R pin of the SR trigger U2, a power supply pin is connected with external power supply voltage, and a ground wire pin is grounded. A power supply pin of the SR trigger U2 is connected with an external power supply voltage, and a ground wire pin is grounded; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the input pin of the power amplifier U3 are input ends of the intelligent identification circuit and are connected with corresponding key nodes; the Q pin of the SR flip-flop U2 is the output end of the intelligent identification circuit.
Preferably, the n branch nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the central main nozzle.
Preferably, a detection control box is arranged on part or all of the spraying fire extinguishing modules. And a signal collector, a temperature sensor and a controller are arranged in the detection control box. And a signal output interface of the temperature sensor is connected with a signal input interface of the signal collector. And the signal output interface of the signal collector is connected with the signal input interface of the controller. And each controller is respectively connected with the control interface of the throttle valve. The lead connecting the controller and the throttle valve is arranged along the connecting pipeline.
Preferably, a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a combustible gas sensor are further arranged in the detection control box. The signal output interfaces of the smoke sensor, the flame sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the combustible gas sensor are all connected with the signal input interface of the signal collector.
Preferably, four corners of the battery compartment and the motor compartment are provided with the spraying fire extinguishing modules; the adjustable spray head positioned on the corner of the battery compartment or the motor compartment faces the middle part of the battery compartment or the motor compartment.
Preferably, the spray head adjusting and driving assembly comprises a driving motor, n guide wheels and n pulling wires. The n guide wheels are supported on the back of the central main spray head and respectively correspond to the n branch spray heads; the driving motor is fixed on the back of the central main spray head, and the winding roller is fixed on the output shaft. One end of each of the n pulling wires is fixed to the back of each of the n branch nozzles, and the other end of each of the n pulling wires is changed in direction through the guide wheel and is connected to the winding roller of the output shaft of the driving motor. When the driving motor drives the winding roller to rotate in the forward direction, the n traction wires are all released; each branch nozzle is turned and folded under the thrust of the spring. When the driving motor drives the winding roller to rotate reversely, the n traction wires are all retracted; the branch nozzles are turned and opened under the thrust of the spring.
Preferably, the standard voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the input operational amplifier U1 is greater than twice the voltage of the critical node on the electric vehicle in the non-fault state.
Preferably, the fire extinguisher main body is fixed with the electric automobile chassis through a fire extinguisher clamping piece. The fire extinguisher fastener comprises an upper ring, a lower ring, a hinge, a lock catch, a base plate and a bolt. The base plate is fixed with the chassis of the electric automobile. The lower ring and the base plate are fixed through bolts. One end of the upper ring is hinged with one end of the lower ring through a hinge, and the other end of the upper ring is detachably fixed with the other end of the lower ring through a lock catch. The upper ring and the lower ring clamp the main body of the fire extinguisher.
The fire extinguishing method of the intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for the electric automobile comprises a conventional open fire extinguishing method and a circuit fault pre-extinguishing method.
The open fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps:
the smoke sensor, the flame sensor and the temperature sensor respectively detect the temperature in the environment, and the system can judge whether the detection value of any one sensor exceeds a threshold value. When the detection value of the sensor exceeds the threshold value, the throttle valve is opened, and the electromagnetic valves of the spraying fire-extinguishing modules 8 in the battery compartment or the motor compartment corresponding to the sensor with the detection value exceeding the threshold value are opened; so that the corresponding spray head sprays the fire extinguishing agent to realize fire extinguishing. The throttle valve is opened, the electromagnetic valves of the corresponding spraying fire extinguishing modules in the battery bin or the motor bin are all opened, and branch nozzles in each adjustable nozzle are in a half-closed state and concentrate at one point to spray the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish fire with high efficiency. If the fire is increased, the spray head adjusting and driving assembly in each adjustable spray head drives each branch spray head to open, so that the fire extinguishing range is enlarged.
The circuit fault pre-extinguishing method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, each fault identification circuit respectively detects the voltage change condition of the corresponding key node and transmits an identifiable fault signal to the controller or the vehicle-mounted computer.
And step two, the controller or the vehicle-mounted computer judges whether the corresponding circuit has the easily-fired fault according to the identifiable fault signal output by the fault identification circuit.
Step three, when one fault recognition circuit detects that the corresponding key node has a fire-prone fault, the vehicle-mounted computer sends an alarm signal to a display screen of the cab;
meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve in the spraying fire-extinguishing module 8 corresponding to the key node of the fault circuit in the battery compartment or the motor compartment is opened, so that the spraying fire-extinguishing module sprays fire-extinguishing agent at a fixed point to the key node in the closing state of each branch nozzle, and the key node is cooled and isolated from air.
Preferably, in the third step of the circuit fault pre-extinguishing method, after the easy-to-fire fault is detected, if the vehicle is in a non-driving state, the vehicle-mounted computer sends a power-off signal to a circuit breaker in the electric vehicle, so that the circuit breaker cuts off the connection between the battery and other power consumption components. Only after the driver or the maintenance personnel reset, the on-vehicle computer can restart the circuit breaker, and the power supply is recovered to the circuit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention makes innovation to the fire extinguishing system. Two shunt subsystems are designed aiming at the position of an easily high-temperature and flammable automobile and are respectively arranged in a motor cabin and a battery cabin, so that the safety of the whole automobile is really monitored. And the subsystem structure is the pipeline cladding, simple structure, and efficiency is high-efficient.
2. The invention makes innovation on the function of circuit fault pre-extinguishing. The fault recognition circuit is added, detection can be carried out according to circuit faults, alarm and pre-fire extinguishing are achieved, and safety of the electric automobile is greatly improved.
3. The invention makes innovation on the structure of the spray head. The adjustable spray head designed by the invention has the advantages that the spraying range and the efficiency are remarkably improved, and particularly the fire extinguishing efficiency is greatly improved. The spray head provides two fire extinguishing modes, one is in a half-closed state, and the other is in an unfolded state. The branch nozzles in the semi-closed state are folded inwards, fire extinguishers sprayed out by the central main nozzle and the branch nozzles are concentrated in a small range where a key node is located, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved; under the expansion state, the spray range of each branch nozzle and the central main nozzle is greatly improved, the dry powder extinguishing agent can be dispersed, the fire can be efficiently extinguished, air can be isolated, and the fire development is inhibited.
4. Compared with the traditional automatic fire extinguishing system for vehicles, the automatic fire extinguishing system for vehicles adopts a control module-sensor assembly idea, integrates various sensors and intelligent chips of an information collector, a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a combustible gas sensor, a circuit detector, a circuit fault intelligent identification sensor and an intelligent confirmation chip, is combined with a spray head, realizes all-around monitoring when a condition occurs, improves the high efficiency in algorithm optimization by matching with the intelligent confirmation chip, greatly shortens the response time of the fire extinguishing system, and further guarantees the safety of personnel in the vehicles.
5. Compared with the traditional fire extinguishing system, the fire extinguishing system also has the function of physical cooling. When the temperature of a certain component of the battery compartment or the motor compartment exceeds a normal value, the fire extinguishing agent controller is controlled to open through the calculation of the intelligent chip to enable the spray head to spray dry powder, the spray head is enabled to spray the dry powder in different degrees and ranges according to the type and degree difference of the temperature, the gas and the flame monitored by the sensor, the dry powder can be cooled to prevent the fire caused by overhigh temperature, and the air can be isolated to prevent inflammable gas from generating spontaneous combustion.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the fire extinguisher clip of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a fire suppression spray module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of an adjustable sprinkler head according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a rear view of an adjustable sprinkler head according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a circuit schematic of the fault recognition circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, an intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for an electric vehicle is applied to the electric vehicle. The chassis 14 of the electric automobile is provided with a battery compartment 1 and a motor compartment 2. And circuit breakers are arranged between the batteries in the battery bin 1 and the power supply circuit thereof.
This electric automobile intelligent monitoring extinguishing device, including fire extinguisher main part 3, connecting line 7, spray fire extinguishing module 8 and fault identification circuit. The fire extinguisher main body 3 is mounted on the chassis 14 through the fire extinguisher clip 4. The fire extinguisher fastener 4 comprises an upper ring, a lower ring, a hinge 4-1, a lock catch 4-2, a base plate 4-3 and a bolt 4-4. The base plate is fixed to the chassis 14 of the electric vehicle. The lower ring and the base plate 4-3 are fixed through bolts 4-4. One end of the upper ring is hinged with one end of the lower ring through a hinge 4-1, and the other end of the upper ring is detachably fixed with the other end of the lower ring through a lock catch 4-2. The upper ring and the lower ring clamp the fire extinguisher main body 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 3, the outlet of the extinguisher body 3 is connected to the inlet of the throttle valve 6 through the fire extinguishing agent outlet pipe 5. The throttle valve 6 can control the opening degree of the output port of the fire extinguisher main body according to signals transmitted by the controller, so that the speed and the pressure of the fire extinguishing agent can be controlled, the spray head can spray the fire extinguishing agent with different degrees and different ranges according to different degree conditions, the fault part is accurately covered, and the accurate control is realized.
Four corners and each key node in battery compartment 1 and the motor cabin 2 all install and spray fire extinguishing module 8. The jet fire extinguishing module 8 realizes the steering adjustment rotating around the vertical axis by a rotating pair or a threaded connection mode. The key node is the position where the ignition risk is increased in the battery compartment 1 and the motor compartment 2, and is the interface position of the key loop in the embodiment; the interface position of the key loop comprises a battery charging circuit interface, a battery output circuit interface and a motor driving circuit interface. The connecting pipeline 7 is divided into two fire extinguishing branches 15 from the throttle valve 6 and respectively led to the battery compartment 1 and the motor compartment 2. The two fire extinguishing branches 15 form loops at the battery compartment 1 and the motor compartment 2 respectively and pass through the spraying fire extinguishing modules 8.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, the spray fire extinguishing module 8 includes an adjustable spray head 9, a spray head adjusting and driving assembly 10, a detection control box 11, a water pipe 12 and an electromagnetic valve 13. The adjustable spray head 9 positioned on the corner of the battery compartment 1 or the motor compartment 2 faces the middle part of the battery compartment 1 or the motor compartment 2. The adjustable sprinkler 9 located at the key node points faces the corresponding key node point. The outer side surface of the adjustable spray head 9 is in a pentagram shape and comprises a central main spray head 9-1, five springs 9-2 and five branch spray heads 9-3. The five branch nozzles 9-3 are hinged with the edge of the central main nozzle 9-1 and are connected through springs 9-2; the hinged shaft of the branch nozzle 9-3 and the central main nozzle 9-1 is positioned at the edge of the front surface of the central main nozzle 9-1, so that the branch nozzle 9-3 can be overturned towards the front surface of the central main nozzle 9-1 under the thrust of the spring 9-2. The five branch nozzles 9-3 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the central main nozzle 9-1. When each branch nozzle 9-3 is turned over and closed, the spraying range of the adjustable nozzle 9 is reduced, and the fire extinguishing agent is sprayed to the key nodes in a concentrated manner, so that the key nodes are extinguished more efficiently; when each branch nozzle 9-3 is turned and opened, the spraying range of the adjustable nozzle 9 is enlarged, so that a wider range of open fire can be extinguished in case of fire.
The nozzle adjusting and driving assembly 10 comprises a driving motor 10-1, five guide wheels 10-2 and five traction wires 10-3. Five guide wheels 10-2 are supported on the back of the central main spray head 9-1 and respectively correspond to the five branch spray heads 9-3; the driving motor 10-1 is fixed on the back of the central main spray head 9-1, and the winding roller is fixed on the output shaft. One end of each of five pulling wires 10-3 is fixed with the back of each of the five branch nozzles 9-3, and the other end of each pulling wire is changed in direction by a guide wheel 10-2 and is connected to a winding roller of an output shaft of a driving motor 10-1. When the driving motor 10-1 drives the winding roller to rotate in the positive direction, the five pulling wires 10-3 are released; each branch nozzle 9-3 is turned over and folded under the thrust of the spring 9-2. When the driving motor 10-1 drives the winding roller to rotate reversely, the five pulling wires 10-3 are withdrawn; each branch nozzle 9-3 is turned and opened under the thrust of the spring 9-2.
The inner parts of the central main spray head 9-1 and each branch spray head 9-3 are respectively provided with a flow passage 9-4, and the front surfaces of the central main spray head and each branch spray head are respectively provided with a plurality of spray holes 9-6 communicated with the flow passages; five shunt outlets are arranged in a flow passage in the central main spray head 9-1; five branch outflow ports of the central main spray head 9-1 are respectively connected to flow passages in the five branch spray heads 9-3 through hoses 9-5 to convey fire extinguishing agents for the branch spray heads 9-3.
A test control box 11 is mounted on the back side of the adjustable nozzle 9. One end of the water pipe 12 passes through the detection control box 11 and is communicated with a flow passage in the main spray head 9-1 at the center of the adjustable spray head 9. One of the ports of the solenoid valve 13 is connected to the other end of the water pipe 12 by a screw. The other liquid through port of the electromagnetic valve 13 is connected to the fire extinguishing branch 15; the electromagnetic valve 13 is a direct-acting electromagnetic one-way sliding valve. The solenoid valve 13 is turned on when energized and turned off when de-energized.
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5, when the driving motor 10-1 is not operated in the initial state and the sensor detects a small fire signal, the chip will send a signal to spray the fire extinguishing agent, and at this time, the branch nozzles 9-3 are in a half-closed part (folded to form a 45-degree angle with the axis of the central main nozzle 9-1) and act together with the central part at one point, and the speed and intensity of the fire extinguishing agent are enough to extinguish most fires; when the fire becomes larger, the chip sends a signal to drive the motor 10-1 to rotate forwards, and the branch spray head 9-3 is driven to turn over and open by the pulling wire 10-3, so that the spray surface of the whole adjustable spray head 9 is in a plane pentagram shape, and the spray range is greatly increased. When the fire is over, the driving motor 10-1 rotates reversely, so that each branch nozzle 9-3 is reset to a half-closed state under the action of the spring 9-2.
The detection control box 11 is internally provided with a signal collector, a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor, a combustible gas sensor and a controller. The controller adopts an intelligent confirmation chip, and can conveniently realize tasks such as external input parameter setting, current and voltage detection and the like. The signal output interfaces of the smoke sensor, the flame sensor, the temperature sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the combustible gas sensor are all connected with the signal input interface of the signal collector. And the signal output interface of the signal collector is connected with the signal input interface of the controller. The control interfaces of each controller and the throttle valve are respectively connected through leads. The wires connecting the controller with the throttle are arranged along the connecting line 7.
When the fire factor appears, the fire factor is detected by a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a temperature sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor or a combustible gas sensor, and a signal is sent to a signal collector, the signal collector sends a signal to a controller, the controller sends a prompt and early warning report to a cab instrument panel on one hand, and sends the signal to a throttle valve 6 on the other hand, and at the moment, the throttle valve 6 is opened, and a fire extinguishing agent is conveyed to each spray head. The factors of a fire include the temperature of the vehicle being above a rated value, the concentration of combustible gases exceeding a threshold value, an open flame and smoke.
As shown in fig. 6, each key node in each electrical loop of the electric vehicle corresponds to one fault identification circuit. The fault identification circuit includes an operational amplifier U1, a power amplifier U3, and an SR flip-flop U2. The non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to one terminal of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4. The other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a reference voltage es; resistor R4 is connected to ground; the forward supply terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to the reference voltage es and the reverse supply terminal is connected to ground. The output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and an S pin of an SR trigger U2; the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to ground. An output pin of the power amplifier U3 is connected with an R pin of the SR trigger U2, a power supply pin is connected with an external power supply voltage VCC, and a ground wire pin is grounded. A power supply pin of the SR trigger U2 is connected with an external power supply voltage VCC, and a ground wire pin is grounded; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the input pin of the power amplifier U3 are input ends of the fault identification circuit and are connected with the corresponding key node Z through a voltage amplifier; the Q pin of the SR flip-flop U2 is the output end of the intelligent identification circuit. The standard voltage U0 input into the operational amplifier U1 is more than twice of the voltage of key nodes on the electric automobile in a non-fault state; when the first fault signal Sc output by the key node is greater than the standard voltage U0, the circuit where the key node is located is judged to be short-circuited or have excessive voltage.
As shown in fig. 6, the signal transmitted by the key node to the fault recognition circuit is divided into a first fault signal Sc and a second fault signal P0 which are identical and are respectively transmitted to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 and the input pin of the power amplifier U3. The operational amplifier U1 amplifies the first fault signal Sc to a range that can be accurately analyzed and calculated by the detection system and then inputs the amplified first fault signal Sc into the operational amplifier U1; the operational amplifier U1 compares the first fail signal Sc with the standard voltage U0 input to the operational amplifier U1 and outputs a range signal Sd accordingly; the range signal Sd is transmitted to the SR trigger recognition. The second fault signal P0 is converted into an identifiable power signal rd after being inverted by an inverter U3, and the identifiable power signal rd is output to an R pin of the SR flip-flop U2; the Q' pin (negative phase output pin) of the SR flip-flop transmits an identifiable fault signal P1 to the controller or the vehicle computer. When a fault which easily causes fire occurs in a circuit of the electric automobile, the range signal Sd and the recognizable power signal rd cause the SR trigger to respond, so that the recognizable fault signal P1 output by the Q pin of the SR trigger is changed. Faults that are likely to cause a fire include electrical leakage short circuits, metallic short circuits, high temperature short circuits, turn-to-turn short circuits, poor contacts, transient voltage surges, and transient large overcurrents. When short circuit and instantaneous large overcurrent occur, the voltage of the key node is rapidly reduced; therefore, the key node is transmitted to the fault identification circuit, and whether faults which easily cause fire occur are judged by detecting whether 'voltage rapid reduction' occurs at the key node. The input signal of the SR flip-flop changes, and the output signal changes after a delay. If the variation per unit time exceeds a preset value, a fault which easily causes fire is considered to occur.
Therefore, the controller in the invention judges the voltage change condition of the key node in the electric automobile circuit according to the recognizable fault signal P1, thereby judging whether the circuit of the electric automobile has a fault which is easy to cause fire. When the controller judges that an easy-to-fire fault occurs in the electric automobile circuit, the controller controls the corresponding spray nozzle to spray the fire extinguishing agent to cover and pre-extinguish the failed key node, so that casualties and property loss caused by fire of the battery and the motor are avoided.
The fire extinguishing method of the intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for the electric automobile comprises a conventional index fire extinguishing method and a circuit fault pre-fire extinguishing method.
The method for extinguishing the open fire comprises the following specific steps:
the smoke sensor, the flame sensor, the temperature sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the combustible gas sensor are used for respectively detecting the smoke concentration, the existence of open fire, the temperature, the carbon monoxide concentration and the hot combustion gas concentration in the environment; if the detection values of any one of the smoke sensor, the flame sensor, the temperature sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the combustible gas sensor exceed the threshold value, the throttle valve is opened, and the electromagnetic valve of the spraying fire-extinguishing module 8 in the battery bin or the motor bin corresponding to the sensor with the detection value exceeding the threshold value is opened; so that the corresponding spray head sprays the fire extinguishing agent to realize fire extinguishing. The throttle valve is opened, the electromagnetic valves of the corresponding spraying fire extinguishing modules in the battery bin or the motor bin are all opened, and branch nozzles in each adjustable nozzle are in a half-closed state and concentrate at one point to spray the fire extinguishing agent to extinguish fire with high efficiency. If the fire is increased, the spray head adjusting and driving assembly in each adjustable spray head drives each branch spray head to open, so that the fire extinguishing range is enlarged.
The circuit fault pre-extinguishing method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, each fault recognition circuit recognizes the circuit according to the inputThe change condition of the voltage signal, the circuit where the corresponding key node is positioned is detected in real time, and a signal P capable of identifying the fault type is transmitted to the controller or the vehicle-mounted computer1。
Step two, the controller or the vehicle-mounted computer can identify the fault type signal P according to the fault identification circuit1Judging whether the corresponding circuit has a fire-prone fault; when the fault identification circuit detects that the voltage unit time reduction amplitude of the key node exceeds a preset value, the fault which is easy to fire is considered to occur.
The controller selects the corresponding circuit fault label E(s) according to whether the fault occurs or notλλ is 1,2,3 …. When the corresponding electric automobile circuit has no fault, E(s)λ＝E(s)10000; when the corresponding electric automobile circuit is short-circuited or the current is overlarge, the voltage of the power supply of the corresponding electric automobile circuit is reduced, the electric stress is increased, the local noise is enhanced, the current is sharply increased, and unexpected energy conversion occurs, wherein E(s)λ＝E(s)1＝0011。
Step three, when one of the fault recognition circuits detects that one of the circuits of the electric automobile has a fault which is easy to catch fire, the controller sends a fault alarm and a fault circuit serial number to the vehicle-mounted computer; the vehicle-mounted computer sends an alarm signal to a display screen of the cab; if the vehicle is in a non-driving state, the vehicle-mounted computer sends a power-off signal to a circuit breaker in the electric automobile, so that the circuit breaker cuts off the connection between the battery and other power consumption elements. Only after the driver or the maintenance personnel reset, the on-vehicle computer can restart the circuit breaker, and the power supply is recovered to the circuit.
Meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve in the fire-extinguishing spraying module 8 corresponding to the fault circuit key node in the battery compartment 1 or the motor compartment 2 is opened, so that the fire-extinguishing spraying module 8 sprays fire-extinguishing agents to the key node at a fixed point under the state that each branch nozzle 9-3 is closed, and the key node is cooled and isolated from air.
In the circuit fault pre-fire-extinguishing method, the easy-fire fault in the circuit is detected, so that the position where fire is likely to happen can be pre-judged and pre-fire-extinguishing can be carried out before fire happens, two fire-extinguishing modes are designed, fire-extinguishing efficiency is greatly improved, fire development is restrained, accordingly, safety of personnel in a vehicle is guaranteed, and greater economic loss is avoided.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: each key node of the electric automobile is also connected with a current sensor in series; the signal output lines of the current sensors are connected to the controllers, so that the controllers can monitor the current of each key node in real time, and the fault detection precision is improved.
Claims (10)
1. An intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing device for an electric automobile comprises a fire extinguisher main body, a connecting pipeline and a spraying fire extinguishing module; the method is characterized in that: the device also comprises a fault identification circuit; the fire extinguisher main body is arranged on a chassis of the electric automobile; the output port of the fire extinguisher main body is connected with the input port of the throttle valve through a fire extinguishing agent output pipeline; a plurality of spraying fire extinguishing modules are arranged in the battery compartment and the motor compartment; a key node in each electric loop of the electric automobile is provided with a spraying fire-extinguishing module; the connecting pipeline is divided into two fire extinguishing branches from the throttle valve, is respectively communicated with the battery compartment and the motor cabin and is connected to all the spraying fire extinguishing modules;
the spraying fire-extinguishing module comprises an adjustable spray head, a spray head adjusting and driving assembly, a water pipe and an electromagnetic valve; the adjustable spray head comprises a central main spray head, n springs and n branch spray heads; the n branch nozzles are hinged with the edge of the central main nozzle and are connected through springs; the hinged shaft of the branch spray nozzle and the central main spray nozzle is positioned at the edge of the front surface of the central main spray nozzle; each branch nozzle is driven to turn over by the nozzle adjusting and driving component; the inner parts of the central main spray head and each branch spray head are provided with flow passages, and the front surfaces of the central main spray head and each branch spray head are provided with a plurality of spray holes communicated with the flow passages; the flow channel in the central main spray head is connected to the flow channels in the n branch spray heads through hoses; the flow passage in the central main spray head is connected to the corresponding fire extinguishing branch passage through a water pipe and an electromagnetic valve;
each key node in the electric automobile corresponds to one fault identification positioning circuit; the fault position locating circuit comprises an operational amplifier U1, a power amplifier U3 and an SR trigger U2; of operational amplifier U1The non-inverting input end is connected with one end of a resistor R3 and a resistor R4; the other end of the resistor R3 is connected with a reference voltage es(ii) a Resistor R4 is connected to ground; the forward supply terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a reference voltage esThe reverse power supply end is grounded; the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with one end of a resistor R2; the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with one end of a resistor R1 and an S pin of an SR trigger U2; the other end of the resistor R1 is grounded; an output pin of the power amplifier U3 is connected with an R pin of the SR trigger U2, a power supply pin is connected with external power supply voltage, and a ground wire pin is grounded; a power supply pin of the SR trigger U2 is connected with an external power supply voltage, and a ground wire pin is grounded; the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 and the input pin of the power amplifier U3 are input ends of the intelligent identification circuit and are connected with corresponding key nodes; the Q pin of the SR flip-flop U2 is the output end of the intelligent identification circuit.
2. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the n branch nozzles are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the central axis of the central main nozzle.
3. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: a detection control box is arranged on part or all of the spraying fire extinguishing modules; a signal collector, a temperature sensor and a controller are arranged in the detection control box; the signal output interface of the temperature sensor is connected with the signal input interface of the signal collector; the signal output interface of the signal collector is connected with the signal input interface of the controller; each controller is respectively connected with a control interface of the throttle valve; the lead connecting the controller and the throttle valve is arranged along the connecting pipeline.
4. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 3, wherein: a smoke sensor, a flame sensor, a carbon monoxide sensor and a combustible gas sensor are also arranged in the detection control box; the signal output interfaces of the smoke sensor, the flame sensor, the carbon monoxide sensor and the combustible gas sensor are all connected with the signal input interface of the signal collector.
5. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the four corners of the battery compartment and the motor compartment are respectively provided with a spraying fire extinguishing module; the adjustable spray head positioned on the corner of the battery compartment or the motor compartment faces the middle part of the battery compartment or the motor compartment.
6. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the spray head adjusting and driving assembly comprises a driving motor, n guide wheels and n traction lines; the n guide wheels are supported on the back of the central main spray head and respectively correspond to the n branch spray heads; the driving motor is fixed on the back of the central main spray head, and the winding roller is fixed on the output shaft; one end of each of the n pulling wires is fixed with the back of each of the n branch nozzles, and the other end of each pulling wire is changed in direction through a guide wheel and is connected to a winding roller of an output shaft of the driving motor; when the driving motor drives the winding roller to rotate in the forward direction, the n traction wires are all released; each branch nozzle is turned and folded under the thrust of a spring; when the driving motor drives the winding roller to rotate reversely, the n traction wires are all retracted; the branch nozzles are turned and opened under the thrust of the spring.
7. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the standard voltage input to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is more than twice the voltage of the critical node on the electric vehicle in the non-fault state.
8. The intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the fire extinguisher main body is fixed with the electric automobile chassis through a fire extinguisher clamping piece; the fire extinguisher fastener comprises an upper ring, a lower ring, a hinge, a lock catch, a base plate and a bolt; the base plate is fixed with a chassis of the electric automobile; the lower ring and the substrate are fixed through bolts; one end of the upper ring is hinged with one end of the lower ring through a hinge, and the other end of the upper ring is detachably fixed with the other end of the lower ring through a lock catch; the upper ring and the lower ring clamp the main body of the fire extinguisher.
9. The fire extinguishing method of the intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 4, characterized in that: comprises a conventional index fire extinguishing method and a circuit fault pre-extinguishing method; the open fire extinguishing method comprises the following steps:
the smoke sensor, the flame sensor and the temperature sensor respectively detect the temperature in the environment, and the system can judge whether the detection value of any one sensor exceeds a threshold value; when the detection value of the sensor exceeds the threshold value, the throttle valve is opened, and the electromagnetic valves of the spraying fire-extinguishing modules 8 in the battery compartment or the motor compartment corresponding to the sensor with the detection value exceeding the threshold value are opened; so that the corresponding spray head sprays the fire extinguishing agent to realize fire extinguishing; the throttle valve is opened, the electromagnetic valves of the corresponding spraying fire-extinguishing modules in the battery bin or the motor bin are all opened, and branch spray heads in each adjustable spray head are in a half-closed state and concentrate at one point to spray out the fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish fire with high efficiency; if the fire is increased, the spray head adjusting and driving assembly in each adjustable spray head drives each branch spray head to open, so that the fire extinguishing range is enlarged;
the circuit fault pre-extinguishing method comprises the following specific steps:
step one, each fault identification circuit respectively detects the voltage change condition of the corresponding key node and transmits an identifiable fault signal to a controller or a vehicle-mounted computer;
step two, the controller or the vehicle-mounted computer judges whether the corresponding circuit has the easily-fired fault according to the identifiable fault signal output by the fault identification circuit;
step three, when one fault recognition circuit detects that the corresponding key node has a fire-prone fault, the vehicle-mounted computer sends an alarm signal to a display screen of the cab;
meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve in the spraying fire-extinguishing module 8 corresponding to the key node of the fault circuit in the battery compartment or the motor compartment is opened, so that the spraying fire-extinguishing module sprays fire-extinguishing agent at a fixed point to the key node in the closing state of each branch nozzle, and the key node is cooled and isolated from air.
10. The fire extinguishing method of the intelligent monitoring fire extinguishing apparatus for the electric automobile according to claim 9, characterized in that: in the third step of the circuit fault pre-extinguishing method, after an easily-fired fault is detected, if the vehicle is in a non-driving state, the vehicle-mounted computer sends a power-off signal to a circuit breaker in the electric vehicle, so that the circuit breaker cuts off the connection between a battery and other power consumption elements; only after the driver or the maintenance personnel reset, the on-vehicle computer can restart the circuit breaker, and the power supply is recovered to the circuit.
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